支撑喉镜下射频加囊肿揭盖术治疗会厌囊肿的临床研究

目的探讨囊肿揭盖术、囊肿揭盖术＋射频、射频＋囊肿揭盖术治疗会厌囊肿3种术式的疗效及其优劣。方法57例随机分为3组：单纯囊肿揭盖术组、囊肿揭盖术＋射频治疗组及射频＋囊肿揭盖术组。3组均采用表面麻醉＋强化麻醉经支撑喉镜下手术。随访6-12个月，比较3组总有效率、术中出血量及手术时间。结果3种术式总有效率均为100％，差异无显著性。囊肿揭盖术＋射频治疗组、射频＋囊肿揭盖术组与对照组比较，术中出血量、手术时间的差异均有显著性；囊肿揭盖术＋射频治疗组、射频＋囊肿揭盖术组术中出血量、手术时间相比较，差异均有显著性。结论3种术式均是治疗会厌囊肿的有效方法。射频＋囊肿揭盖术具有出血更少、手术时间更短、病人痛苦更小等优点，值得临床推广应用。     

Effect of fentanyl on the circulatory responses to orotracheal fibreoptic intubation

The effectiveness of fentanyl in attenuating the pressor and heart rate response to orotracheal fibreoptic intubation under general anaesthesia was assessed in 60 healthy patients undergoing elective surgery. Patients were randomly assigned to receive either fibreoptic intubation with or without fentanyl 6 micrograms.kg-1 or traditional Macintosh intubation with fentanyl 6 micrograms.kg-1. A standardised general anaesthetic was administered which included temazepam premedication, thiopentone, atracurium, oxygen, nitrous oxide and isoflurane. The pressor response to fibreoptic intubation was suppressed in those patients who received fentanyl and was similar to that seen in the Macintosh-fentanyl group of patients. The heart rate response to fibreoptic intubation was also significantly reduced in the patients who received fentanyl, but, in contrast, was still significantly greater than that in the Macintosh-fentanyl group. Fentanyl 6 micrograms.kg-1 appears to have a useful place in attenuating the cardiovascular effects of fibreoptic intubation under general anaesthesia.     

A Comparative Study on the Close Reduction of Arytenoid Dislocation under Indirect and Direct Laryngoscope

To assess the curative effects of different reduction techniques on the dislocation of cricoarytenoid joint caused by intubation,indirect laryngoscope (IL) and direct laryngoscope (DL) were utilized for the closed reduction of the displaced arytenoid under local anesthesia.23 patients who underwent the reduction for dislocated arytenoid under IL or DL from January 1991 to June 2001 were reviewed.The data were collected on the duration of the laryngeal injury,times of receiving reduction,side-effects after the treatment and the period for voice to returen to normal.The relationship between the duration of the laryngeal lesion and the period of the voice rehabilitation was examined.13 patients received the reduction under IL and 10 patients under DL,Except the times of the reduction,which showed significant difference,no differences were found between IL group and DL group in the course and the period of voice rehabilitation,as well as sore throat after the manipulation.The patients‘ voice recovery was positively related to their course of disease in both IL and DL group.It is coucluded that the recovery of normal voice is obviously affected by the duration of arytenoid dislocation.The reduction under Il is as effective as under DL in the treatment of arytenoid dislocation.Reduction by DL is better suit the patients with long time course of disease.     

支撑喉镜手术治疗声带息肉小结

目的:观察支撑喉镜下手术治疗声带息肉/小结的疗效.方法:对100例声带息肉/小结的患者在全麻下行支撑喉镜手术.结果:100例中,术后3d发音恢复正常31例,术后6d发音恢复正常34例,好转35例,随访3mo无复发.结论:支撑喉镜下手术治疗声带息肉/小结疗效好、创伤小、精确度较高,但同时要注意并发症的预防和处理.     

Tubeless Laryngotracheal Surgery in Infants and Children via Jet Ventilation Laryngoscope

We present the first use of tubeless superimposed combined high- and low-frequency jet ventilation (SHFJV) with a jet laryngoscope in laryngotracheal surgery in infants and children. Twenty-eight patients underwent 53 operative procedures. The average age of the patients was 7.3 years. The most common diagnoses were laryngeal papillomatosis and subglottic stenosis. The duration of jet ventilation averaged 33 min. The gas exchange was sufficient in each case. The advantages of SHFJV in the surgery of the laryngotracheal area in infants and children are optimal view at the larynx and trachea, maximum space for the handling, application of the laser without risks, no time limitation, suitability for stenosis, and neither anesthetic nor surgical complications.     

全静脉麻醉用于支撑喉镜声带手术的临床观察

目的:评价全静脉麻醉方法在支撑喉镜声带手术中的应用。方法:44例在全麻下行支撑喉镜声带手术成年患者,随机分为两组。两组均采用健忘镇痛慢诱导气管插管;麻醉维持A组采用瑞芬太尼-异丙酚,B组采用芬太尼-异氟醚。观察麻醉诱导、支撑喉镜置入、麻醉恢复各时点血流动力学的变化;记录停药到拔管到苏醒时间;比较停药10 m in后患者麻醉恢复质量。结果:①血流动力学指标:两组患者在麻醉诱导后,血流动力学无明显变化,但在支撑喉镜置入后、拔气管导管时,两组血压、心率均呈升高趋势。其中A组数据无统计学意义;B组P<0.05;两个时间点血流动力学应激反应发生率,B组明显高于A组。②两组停药到拔管时间无明显差异;B组停药到苏醒时间短于A组,P<0.05。③B组麻醉恢复评分明显高于A组。结论:选择芬太尼、瑞芬太尼联合异丙酚的全静脉麻醉用于该类手术,较芬太尼-异氟醚静吸复合麻醉,具有血流动力学更加稳定,苏醒快,恢复质量高的优点。     

表面麻醉纤维喉镜与全麻显微支撑喉镜下对不同类型声带息肉摘除的临床疗效分析

目的比较表面麻醉纤维喉镜与全麻显微支撑喉镜对不同类型声带息肉(VCP)摘除的临床疗效。方法以2007年11月至2012年10月芜湖市第一人民医院收治的164例VCP患者作为研究对象,按照随机数字表法分为两组,表麻纤维喉镜组66例,采用表面麻醉纤维喉镜下VCP摘除术(广基VCP27例、带蒂VCP39例),全麻显微支撑喉镜组98例,采用全麻显微支撑喉镜下VCP摘除术(广基VCP50例、带蒂VCP48例),比较两组治疗效果及术后随访期间并发症发生情况。结果表麻纤维喉镜组手术时间显著短于全麻显微支撑喉镜组[(35.6±12.3)min vs(46.5±17.6)min,P<0.05]。全麻显微支撑喉镜组与表麻纤维喉镜组对带蒂VCP有效率差异无统计学意义(95.8%vs97.4%,P>0.05);但全麻显微支撑喉镜组对广基VCP有效率显著高于表麻纤维喉镜组(94.0%vs81.5%,P<0.05)。全麻显微支撑喉镜组不良并发症发生率与表麻纤维喉镜组比较,差异无统计学意义(7.1%vs 4.5%,P>0.05)。结论表麻纤维喉镜与全麻显微支撑喉镜下VCP摘除术各有优点及局限,临床上应综合考虑以选择最优的治疗方案。     

Comparative study of awake endotracheal intubation with Glidescope video laryngoscope versus flexible fiber optic bronchoscope in patients with traumatic cervical spine injury

BackgroundThe Gldiescope video laryngoscope (GVL) as a recent intubating device has gained much popularity in difficult intubation over the last decade. It can be used as a substitute to flexible fiber optic bronchoscope (FOB) in intubating challenges. The object of this study is to compare the utility of GVL and FOB for intubating time, attempts, effects on hemodynamics, adverse effects, patient satisfaction and post intubation neurological outcome during awake intubation in traumatic cervical spine injury.MethodsFifty patients undergoing post traumatic cervical spine fixation under general anesthesia were randomly allocated to two groups in a prospective, controlled non-blinded study. All patients were premedicated with glycopyrrolate 0.2 mg iv and midazolam 1 mg iv that be repeated up to 0.05 mg/kg followed with a bolus dose of remifentanil 1.5 μg/kg then a continuous remifentanil infusion of 0.15 μg/kg/min for 3 min before procedure. Each patient underwent a wake endotracheal intubation with either GVL (G group) or FOB (F group) with manual in line stabilization (MILS). Intubating time, intubating attempts, hear rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP), oxygen desaturation (SO₂ < 90%), sore throat, patient satisfaction and postintubation neurological outcome were recorded.ResultsIntubating time was significantly lower in G group compared with F group (26 ± 5 versus 72 ± 11 respectively), while the percentage of the first successful intubating attempt was insignificantly higher in G group (88%) than in F group (72%). Both HR and MAP were significantly increased only in F group during intubation in comparison with the basal line values. Both devices were safe for post neurological outcome. No significant differences of adverse effects or patient satisfaction were recorded between groups.ConclusionThe GVL is a safe surrogate for FOB during awake intubation for post traumatic cervical spine fixation.     

Assessment and management of the predicted difficult airway in babies and children

Although it is essential to take a history and examine every child prior to airway management, preoperative anticipation of a difficult airway is not totally reliable and therefore it is wise to be prepared for the unexpected difficult airway. Information about the airway can be gained from previous medical records, current history, physical examination and other tests. A natural consequence of airway assessment is development of an airway plan. Important anatomical and physiological features may be identified in an airway assessment which can then have a direct influence on the subsequent airway plan. Managing the predicted difficult airway is usually elective. This allows proper preparation of equipment, assistants, expertise and the environment required for the airway plan. This article will discuss paediatric airway assessment, outline those features that contribute to airway difficulty, and identify indications and risk factors associated with various airway techniques. Key objectives for an airway management plan are to maintain oxygenation and avoid trauma. This involves adopting techniques that avoid hypoxia and provide a high success rate with minimum attempts.     

Alternative techniques for tracheal intubation

Alternative rigid blade intubation devices available in recent years include the Glidescope, Airtraq and Bonfils laryngoscopes. The Macintosh blade works by displacing the tongue to one side and into the submandibular space while the tip of the device sits in the vallecula lifting the hyoid and so the epiglottis forward to reveal the laryngeal inlet. Under less favourable intubating conditions, the tongue is not accommodated in the submandibular space and tends to be compressed downwards. As a result the vallecula is not accessible and the blade tip is less able to be drawn forward. The retro-molar Bonfils avoids this problem by starting from a posterior position in the mouth and approaching the larynx below and alongside the tongue. The Bonfils also serves as a rigid stylet inside the tracheal tube again producing minimal tongue displacement. Airtraq also compresses the tongue less and usually sits on the posterior pharyngeal wall where it maintains the laryngeal view with a minimum of effort. It houses the tracheal tube in a channel that delivers it into the device's field of view. While better optical systems have tended to improve visualization of the laryngeal inlet, this has not necessarily resulted in easier intubation conditions, shorter intubation times or improved overall success rates. Part of the problem has been that they have limited fields of view compared with the stereoscopic view of tube advancement down to the larynx as afforded by Macintosh.