Intraoperative cerebral blood flow monitoring in neurosurgery: A review of contemporary technologies and emerging perspectives

Intraoperative monitoring of cerebral blood flow (CBF) has become an invaluable adjunct to vascular and oncological neurosurgery, reducing the risk of postoperative morbidity and mortality. Several technologies have been developed during the last two decades, including laser-based techniques, videomicroscopy, intraoperative MRI, indocyanine green angiography, and thermography. Although these technologies have been thoroughly studied and clinically applied outside the operative room, current practice lacks an optimal technology that perfectly fits the workflow within the neurosurgical operative room. The different available technologies have specific strengths but suffer several drawbacks, mainly including limited spatial and/or temporal resolution. An optimal CBF monitoring technology should meet particular criteria for intraoperative use: excellent spatial and temporal resolution, integration in the operative workflow, real-time quantitative monitoring, ease of use, and non-contact technique. We here review the main contemporary technologies for intraoperative CBF monitoring and their current and potential future applications in neurosurgery.     

激光联合复方血栓通胶囊治疗糖尿病视网膜病变合并黄斑水肿的疗效观察

目的:分析糖尿病视网膜病变合并黄斑水肿联合采用激光与复方血栓通胶囊治疗的临床疗效。方法:选取我院2017年1月—2019年1月收治的200例糖尿病视网膜病变合并黄斑水肿患者为研究对象,随机分为两组。对照组单独行激光治疗,观察组于对照组基础上联合复方血栓通胶囊治疗,对比两组临床疗效、治疗前后IL-6(白介素-6)、VEGF(血管内皮生长因子)、NOS(血清一氧化氮合成酶)水平变化情况。结果:对照组总有效率(68.00%,68/100)较观察组总有效率(98.00%,98/100)更高(P<0.05);与对照组对比,观察组治疗后NOS水平更高,IL-6、VEGF水平更低(P<0.05)。结论:糖尿病视网膜病变合并黄斑水肿联合采用激光与复方血栓通胶囊治疗的临床疗效显著,值得推广。     

Congenital high airway obstruction syndrome (CHAOS): Natural history,prenatal management strategies,and outcomes at a single comprehensive fetal center

PurposeCongenital high airway obstruction syndrome (CHAOS) is a devastating fetal condition of complete airway discontinuity resulting in significant hydrops and extreme lung hyperplasia. It is universally fatal with survival reported only in the rare spontaneous fistulization or EXIT intervention (Ex Utero Intrapartum Treatment). Even in these cases, mortality remains high, and current investigations are targeting prenatal interventions. This report describes our experience with management and fetal interventions for CHAOS, including laser laryngotomy.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed all patients diagnosed with CHAOS at a single academic institution between 2006 and 2017.ResultsFifteen patients were identified. Eight had obstruction at the trachea and seven at the larynx. In the laryngeal obstructions, three expired shortly after birth, and one survived after spontaneous fistulization and subsequent EXIT to tracheostomy. The remaining three underwent in-utero treatment with laser laryngotomy. One had preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM), delivered 3 days post-operatively, and died. Two underwent EXIT to tracheostomy with one surviving to discharge and is currently 2 years old.ConclusionOur study demonstrates the outcomes of a large series of patients diagnosed with CHAOS. While mortality remains high, options for fetal intervention are being explored to allow alterations in the prenatal natural history and improve postnatal outcomes.Type of StudyRetrospective Treatment Study.Level of EvidenceLevel IV.     

平阳霉素及糖皮质激素与激光联合治疗儿童颌面部血管瘤

目的探讨和评价平阳霉素及糖皮质激素与激光联合应用治疗儿童颌面部血管瘤的疗效。方法自2002年3月至2005年2月,采用平阳霉素及糖皮质激素与激光联合治疗儿童颌面部血管瘤78例,瘤体面积0.4cm×0.8cm~5.0cm×8.0cm。7~10d注射一次平阳霉素配制液,剂量为0.5mg/kg,3~5次为一个疗程,一个疗程的总量不超过40mg;小于6岁的患儿配合口服强地松;最后联合可调脉宽倍频ND:YAG激光治疗。结果治疗后经6个月至3年的随访,治愈和基本治愈率88.46%,有效率100%。结论平阳霉素及糖皮质激素与激光联合应用治疗儿童颌面部血管瘤是一种安全、有效、易行的治疗方法。     

柯达干式激光成像仪的原理、应用与维护

阐述了柯达DryView系列干式激光成像仪的工作原理、日常使用须知及维护保养。     

内脏器官激光多谱勒血流灌注图象的显示

目的显示内脏器官血流灌注和分布的图象,探讨激光多谱勒血流成像技术在内脏微循环检测中的价值。方法应用激光多谱勒血流灌注成像仪(LDPI),对大鼠和家兔腹部脏器(肝、脾、肾、膀胱、胃、大小肠和肠系膜等)的血流灌注进行扫描和血流图显示。结果在体内脏器官显像清晰,肝、肾、脾、膀胱等微循环血流的整体分布较均匀;而胃、肠系膜、回盲肠等激光多谱勒血流图上大血流线状显示极其显著;大鼠与家兔两种动物之间相同脏器血流图上的差异并不明显。结论LDPI能将内脏器官的微循环状态以图象的形式显示,该新技术方法在检测内脏血流方面将有一定的应用价值。     

Study of Laser Ocular Effect and Damage

In this paper, the characteristics and regularities of acute ocular injuries by direct laser exposure are briefly reviewed, typical cases of ocular injuries from accidental laser exposure are reported, and laser occupational harm to the eye are discussed on the basis of epidemic investigation of personnel engaged in laser work.     

半导体激光穴位照射与药物治疗急慢性关节损伤的疗效比较

目的探讨低功率半导体激光对急慢性关节损伤的治疗作用.方法1999年至2004年急慢性关节损伤的患者240例,随机分为两组,各120例,激光组采用低功率半导体激光治疗仪照射痛点;对照组口服活血止痛胶囊,外用沈阳红药膏治疗.结果两周后的疗效比较.激光组有效率为85.0%,痊愈率为44.2%;对照组有效率为71.7%,痊愈率为20.8%;差异有显著意义.激光组中,急性关节损伤的患者痊愈率为52.9%,慢性关节损伤患者的痊愈率为32.7%,差异有显著意义(P＜0.05)有效率,差异无显著性意义.结论低功率半导体激光对急慢性关节损伤,尤其是急性小关节损伤有很好的疗效.