大鼠静脉窦高压致硬膜血管变化的研究

目的探讨大鼠静脉窦高压后硬膜血管变化及其静脉窦高压在硬脑膜动静脉瘘形成中的作用。方法体重200～250g的SD雄性大鼠110只,随机分为静脉窦高压组(85只)和假手术组(25只),将静脉窦高压组85只大鼠闭塞左侧横窦和上矢状窦前1／3,并吻合右侧颈总动脉和颈外静脉,制成静脉窦高压模型。假手术组大鼠单纯解剖相应的颈部血管和硬脑膜窦,但不行吻合或闭塞。术后90d,随机取7只静脉窦高压组大鼠和5只假手术组大鼠,行硬脑膜血管明胶墨汁灌注,观察硬膜血管的状况。结果术后90d静脉窦高压组和假手术组大鼠的硬膜血管数分别为(10.7±1.5)条／mm,(10.3±0.6)条／mm,差异无显著性。在静脉窦高压组中1只大鼠有硬脑膜动静脉瘘,其形态和结构与生理性动静脉短路类似。结论大鼠静脉窦高压一段时间后,颅内硬膜血管无明显增生。颅内硬脑膜动静脉瘘的形成很可能是由动静脉间的短路发展而来。     

急性阑尾炎术中外用过氧化氢液冲洗疗效观察─—附50例报告

本文报导采用过氧化氢液在急性阑尾炎术对局部腹腔及切口进行冲洗的方法。并用５０个病例进行了对比分析。认为此法简单、可靠。对腹腔脓肿，预防切口感染有一定效果。可适用于一般基层医院。     

Dilution effects on the quality of untreated wastewater used for irrigation along the USA-Mexico border

The Juarez Valley, located along the USA-Mexico border, currently relies on untreated municipal and industrial wastewater from nearby Ciudad Juarez (est. pop. 1.6 million) which has been diluted with water diverted from the Rio Bravo (Rio Grande), and groundwater from underlying aquifers, to irrigate 18000 hectares of crops. The results indicate that dilution does very little to reduce the risks associated with the use of untreated wastewater for irrigation as faecal coliforms levels remained high (> 10 7 cfu/100 ml). Concentrations of heavy metals were low in the raw wastewater and in the mixed waters. However, the practice of diluting raw wastewater seriously degrades significant volumes of high quality waters from the Rio Bravo and from the underlying aquifer, and thus is not an optimal use of the limited high-quality water available to this semi-arid region.     

肺癌胸腔冲洗液细胞学检查的临床探讨

目的 探讨术前无胸腔转移表现的肺癌患者手术时胸腔冲洗液细胞学检查(pleural lavage．cytology，PLC)的阳性率及其相关因素。方法 70例肺癌患者在行根治术时，分别于开胸后未作任何胸内操作前及行全肺切除或肺叶切除后冲洗胸腔，收集细胞冲洗液并做细胞学检查。结果 前、后两次PLC阳性率分别为28．2％(20／70)、11．4％(8／70)。PLC阳性率与患者性别、年龄、病程、组织学类型、T分级、N分级和TNM分期等均无相关，与冲洗时机的不同有相关。结论 选择开胸后未作任何胸内操作前进行PLC检查更为合理。PLC检查结果可以作为肺癌的一个辅助分期和预后因素，同时也可作为一个术后辅助治疗的选择指标。     

食管癌胸腔冲洗液细胞学检查的临床意义

目的探讨术前无胸腔转移表现的食管癌患者手术时胸腔冲洗液细胞学检查(PLC)的阳性率及其相关因素。方法141例食管癌患者在行根治术时，分别于开胸后未作任何胸内操作前及切除病变断端食管吻合完毕后冲洗胸腔，收集细胞冲洗液并做细胞学检查。结果前、后两次PLC阳性率分别为29.08％(41／141)、18．44％(26／141)。PLC阳性率与肿瘤的大小、部位、分化程度、浸润深度等均无相关，与冲洗时机的不同有相关。结论选择开胸后未作任何胸内操作前进行PLC检查更为合理。     

纯系LEW鼠及裸小鼠膀胱灌注给药方式的探讨

 目的 探讨纯系LEW大鼠及裸小鼠膀胱灌注给药方法。方法 显微镜下解剖雌性LEW大鼠及裸小鼠尿道并根据解剖特征改造套管针。通过插入尿道的套管针膀胱灌注墨水，同时观察插管及膀胱充盈和染色情况。持续观察小鼠和大鼠生存状况及尿道损伤情况。结果 显微镜下可见雌性LEW大鼠及裸小鼠尿道与人存在明显差异。经尿道插管成功率高(100％)，动物生活状况没有明显受到插管灌注影响。结论 裸鼠膀胱灌注给药治疗是一种成功率高而可行的给药手段，动物膀胱灌注化疗模型可能为研究膀胱肿瘤治疗提供更为有效的工具。     

The efficacy of Salvadora persica extract in the elimination of the intracanal smear layer: A SEM study

AimTo evaluate the efficacy of an ethanolic Salvadora persica extract in removing the smear layer following a root canal procedure.MethodsSixty extracted, single-rooted human teeth were cleaned, shaped, and divided into four groups. Experimental groups 1 (n = 20) and 2 (n = 20) were irrigated with 1 mg/ml and 5 mg/ml of S. persica, respectively. The positive controls (n = 10) were irrigated with 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), while the negative controls (n = 10) were irrigated with saline. Approximately 5 ml of the irrigating solution was delivered into the root canals for 5 min, and the final rinse was performed with 5 ml of 1% sodium hypochlorite. Scanning electron microscopy was used to evaluate the endodontic smear layer removal at the coronal, middle, and apical thirds of the specimens.ResultsA significant difference in smear layer removal between groups 1 and 2 at the coronal and middle thirds of the canal was observed, and no significant difference was seen between group 2 and the positive control at the coronal third. At the apical third, both concentrations of S. persica had similar effects and were less effective than the positive control in removing the smear layer.ConclusionThe 5 mg/ml S. persica solution was significantly more effective than the 1 mg/ml solution. In addition, the 5 mg/ml S. persica solution was as effective as 17% EDTA in removing the smear layer from the coronal third of the canal wall.     

Impact of surgical site infection and surgical debridement on lumbar arthrodesis: A single-institution analysis of incidence and risk factors

This study identifies the rate of pseudarthrosis following surgical debridement for deep lumbar spine surgical site infection and identify associated risk factors. Patients who underwent index lumbar fusion surgery from 2013 to 2014 were included if they met the following criteria: 1) age >18 years, 2) had debridement of deep lumbar SSI, and had 3) lumbar spine AP, lateral and flexion/extension X-rays and computed tomography (CT) at 12 months or greater postoperatively. Criteria for fusion included 1) solid posterolateral, facet, or disk space bridging bone, 2) no translational or angular motion on flexion/extension X-rays, and 3) intact posterior hardware without evidence of screw lucency or breakage. Twenty-five patients (age 63.2 ± 12.6 years, 10 male) involving 58 spinal levels met inclusion criteria. They underwent fusion at a mean of 2.32 [range 1–4] spinal levels. Sixteen (64.0%) patients received interbody grafts at a total of 34 (58.6%) spinal levels. All underwent surgical debridement with removal of all non-incorporated posterior bone graft and devascularized tissue. At one-year postoperatively, (56%) patients and 30 (52%) spinal levels demonstrated radiographic evidence of successful fusion. Interbody cage during initial fusion was significantly associated with successful arthrodesis at follow-up (p = 0.017). There is a high rate of pseudoarthrosis in 44% of patients (48% of levels) undergoing lumbar fusion surgery complicated by SSI requiring debridement. Use of interbody cage during initial fusion was significantly associated with higher rate of arthrodesis.     

VSD闭式冲洗引流技术在治疗脊柱后路内固定术后感染中的应用

目的：评价VSD闭式冲洗引流技术应用于脊柱后路内固定术后感染的治疗效果。方法回顾性分析南昌大学第二附属医院2010年1月至2014年6月脊柱后路内固定手术后发生感染的15例患者的治疗过程,全部病例均早期进行清创,术中安装VSD装置进行闭式冲洗引流,根据细菌培养结果给予敏感抗生素,7d后拆除VSD装置,根据伤口情况及引流液细菌培养情况,决定是否直接闭合伤口或更换VSD继续冲洗引流,直至伤口可以闭合为止。结果15例患者冲洗7-21d （平均13.5d）后二期关闭伤口,全部获得愈合,C反应蛋白、血沉降至正常水平,随访5-48个月,无感染复发病例。结论 VSD闭式冲洗引流技术是治疗脊柱后路内固定术后感染的有效治疗方式。     

玉米/鹰嘴豆间作条件下不同施磷量对灌耕灰钙土无机磷组分的影响--测试文章

在甘肃引黄灌区的灌耕灰钙土区域,通过玉米/鹰嘴豆间作种植,采用蒋柏藩、顾益初石灰性土壤无机磷分级方法研究了施磷水平和间作种植方式对玉米、鹰嘴豆土壤无机磷素形态的影响。结果表明：研究区各无机磷形态含量顺序为O-P＞Ca₁₀-P＞Ca₈-P＞Al-P＞Fe-P＞Ca₂-P,施磷能够显著提高玉米和鹰嘴豆土壤中Ca₂-P、Ca₈-P、Al-P和Fe-P的含量,O-P和Ca₁₀-P的含量不随施磷量增加发生显著性变化;与单作相比,间作种植对鹰嘴豆土壤带各无机磷组分含量没有显著影响,但间作玉米种植带土壤各组分无机磷含量均低于单作土壤,其中不施磷肥处理下Fe-P、施纯磷 40 kg·hm^-2处理下Al-P及施纯磷 80 kg·hm^-2处理下Ca₁₀-P的含量显著低于单作土壤。