丹参改善骨骼肌缺血再灌注损伤的超微结构观察

目的:通过透射电镜观察骨骼肌缺血再灌注损伤过程的病理生理变化探讨丹参的干预作用及机制。方法:采用90只清洁级雄性SD大鼠,6只作为健康对照组,84只行左侧提睾肌主滋养动脉夹闭造模,在缺血2.5 h时,丹参组腹腔注射丹参(42只),对照组注射等剂量的生理盐水(42只),两组分别设缺血再灌注10、20、30、40、50、60、90 min观测点(每个观测点6只)。观测结束后,迅速切取提睾肌,放入电镜固定液。电镜下进行组织形态学观察。结果:健康对照组正常情况下,组成肌原纤维的粗、细2种肌丝沿其长轴排列,每条肌原纤维上均可见明暗相间的带,肌浆内见有较多糖原颗粒及少量内质网、线粒体等细胞器,肌浆网纵向分布于肌原纤维周围,线粒体膜及嵴清晰可见,基质着色深,无肿胀、空泡形成等改变,在肌丝之间分布有较多糖原颗粒;骨骼肌缺血再灌注后10、20、30、40、50、60、90 min的2组各观测点,其病理变化较相似,肌丝模糊、凌乱,部分溶解、消失,甚至完全消失,肌浆网不同程度扩张,线粒体变大变圆,基质变淡,嵴变短变少甚至消失,部分线粒体极度肿胀,呈空泡状。丹参组,其病理变化大体相似,肌纤维均有不同程度恢复。结论:骨骼肌缺血再灌注损伤导致线粒体极度肿胀,肌纤维紊乱。丹参能有效地消除线粒体的水肿,恢复肌纤维,减轻骨骼肌缺血再灌注损伤。     

Cytologic features of papillary-cystic variant of acinic-cell adenocarcinoma: A case report

A case of papillary-cystic variant of acinic-cell adenocarcinoma is described. The cytologic findings differed significantly from the classic features of this tumor with smears showing large monolayer sheets and small papillary groups, no acinic structures or naked tumor cell nuclei, sparse cell dissociation and many vacuolated cells. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

复方保元煎对老龄雌性小鼠阴道、子宫及性激素的影响

目的探讨复方保元煎对老龄雌性小鼠阴道、子宫及生殖激素变化的影响。方法选择15个月龄老龄雌性小鼠90只,体重(49±1.3)g,将其随机分为复方保元煎高剂量组30只,复方保元煎低剂量组30只,空白对照组30只,各组给药3个月,麻醉后颈动脉取血分离血清,测血清促黄体生成素(LH)、孕酮(P)、雌二醇(E2)、血促卵泡激素(FSH),处死后剥离阴道及子宫称重,HE染色观察子宫组织形态学变化。结果复方保元煎高剂量组和低剂量组用药后老龄雌性小鼠阴道和子宫重量显著提高,均明显优于空白对照组(P<0.01),复方保元煎高剂量组和低剂量组之间无显著性差异(P>0.05)。复方保元煎高剂量组和低剂量组均能明显延缓甚至逆转小鼠子宫萎缩状况。复方保元煎高剂量组和低剂量组用药后老龄雌性小鼠血清E2、LH、P、FSH含量比较均有显著性差异(P<0.01),用药后与空白对照组比较均有显著性差异(P<0.01),复方保元煎高剂量组与低剂量组用药前后比较无显著性差异(P>0.05)。结论复方保元煎能有效调节衰老小鼠的激素水平,延缓和逆转小鼠生殖系统退化,为开发治疗绝经后冠心病天然雌激素新药提供了可借鉴的实验依据。     

Human pineal gland: Histomorphological study in different age groups and different causes of death

IntroductionIn human, the age dependent changes in the micro-anatomy and histology of different organs are most prevalent along with causes of death. As pineal is a neuro-endocrine gland and is target of various hormones of physiological importance hence, the effect of age and different unnatural causes of death may affect its histology. This aspect of histomorphology has never been studied previously. Therefore, aim of the present study was to evaluate the changes in morphology and histology of human pineal gland in different age groups in relation to different causes of death.MethodsWe collected human samples from young (5–20 yrs), middle aged (21–55 yrs) and old aged (56–95 yrs) individuals under different causes of death like septicemia (S), poisoning (P), hanging (H), burning (B), injury (I) and other reasons which are regarded as control (C) and were processed for morphometric and histological observations.ResultsAnatomically significant decrease in pineal weight, length, breadth was noted in an age dependent manner. Histological observations suggest a significant increase in numbers as well as size in pineal concretions with increasing age. Further, huge degeneration of pinealocytes and neuronal glial cells was observed upon poisoning and burning cases in comparison to control. But in case of hanging, septicemia and injury there was no significant difference in comparison to control.DiscussionIt may be concluded that not only the age but also the different causes of death may severely affect the basic micro-architecture of human pineal gland.     

Histological observations on the anterior olfactory nucleus in human

Aim: Localization of isolated clusters of anterior olfactory nucleus (AON) in a human olfactory bulb and tract. Materials and methods: This investigation was done on human olfactory bulbs and their tracts, collected from the freshly donated cadavers, before embalming, in the Department of Anatomy, IPGMER, Kolkata. H&E stained histological slides were prepared along the whole length of specimens and examined under a Leica DM 2000 microscope and with a Leica Quin image analyzer. Results: The anterior olfactory nucleus was detected in the form of a major cluster and in two smaller clusters of neurons. The major cluster was located at the caudal pole of the bulb and was composed of medium-sized triangular cells which had an average diameter of 13.92 ± 3.43 μm. Out of the two minor clusters, one was detected at the beginning and another at the middle of the olfactory tract. Here neurons were little larger in size and their diameter ranged approximately 15–17 μm. Olfactory striae also accommodated some neurons in a scattered manner. Conclusion: This observation will be helpful in exploration of the complex role of AON in the organization and function of the olfactory system and its clinical significance in human.     

补肾中药组方对去卵巢大鼠骨微结构的影响

目的研究补肾中药组方对去卵巢大鼠骨微结构的影响。方法通过卵巢摘除建立骨质疏松模型,研究不同剂量的补肾中药对去卵巢大鼠骨微结构的影响。结果光镜下观察高剂量补肾中药组方能改善去卵巢大鼠的骨小梁的分布、排列、之间的连接、厚度及间隙等组织学表现。组织计量学表明高、中剂量中药组能提高骨小梁TBV%和MTT(与OVX组比较P<0.05),这种功能与尼尔雌醇作用相当(P>0.05),低剂量中药组能提高骨小梁TBV%(与OVX组比较P<0.05)。结论补肾中药具有改善去势大鼠骨微结构的功能。     

复方三七成分对恒河猴子宫内膜炎症超微结构的影响

目的探讨复方三七成分对恒河猴子宫内膜炎症所致异常出血，子宫内膜超微结构的影响。方法建立恒河猴（Rhesus猴）子宫内膜炎动物模型，治疗组以复方三七成分灌胃治疗，模型组及空白对照组给予等量生理盐水，3个疗程后，在预测下一次月经来潮前1d切取3组猴的子宫内膜，固定后置电镜下观察。结果电镜下空白组见子宫内膜为正常分泌晚期图像；模型组间质内可见大量炎性细胞浸润，螺旋动脉扩张，内皮细胞线粒体广泛空泡样变；治疗组间质细胞有少量炎性细胞，螺旋动脉部分内皮细胞线粒体有空泡样变。结论复方三七成分可以促进螺旋动脉内皮细胞和平滑肌细胞的修复从而达到止血的作用。     

运动对兔膝制动后软骨形态的影响及疗效观察

为了解不同运动方式对兔膝退变关节软骨的形态学和关节功能的影响。以新西兰白兔为研究对象,采用左后膝伸直位管型石膏固定8周的方法建立OA动物模型,通过施加主动活动、被动活动、主动加被动活动,自由活动等运动处理因素,观察X线检查、关节活动度、生物力学特性和软骨组织的形态学改变。结果显示:(1)关节制动可诱发关节软骨退变,运动对退变软骨具有保护和促进修复作用。(2)主动活动利于OA病情逆转,被动活动可促进关节活动功能恢复,两者结合效果最佳。认为适宜的运动方式和强度对退变关节软骨具有促进修复和保护作用,并可增加关节稳定性。     

椎体加压钉固定对脊柱侧凸山羊椎体生长板影响的组织学观察

目的:定量分析椎体加压钉(Staple)固定矫正山羊脊柱侧凸后椎体生长板的组织形态学变化,探讨Staple同定对侧凸椎体生长板的影响.方法:用单侧椎弓根螺钉不对称拴系的方法对10只7～10周龄雌性山羊建立脊柱侧凸模型.术前、术后均行脊柱后前位和侧位X线平片检查,术后每4周检查一次,观察山羊脊柱弯曲情况.8～10周后,将成功建立脊柱侧凸模型的山羊随机分为对照组和Staple治疗组,两组山羊均取出后路拴系,Staple治疗组取出拴系后在最大弯曲椎体的凸侧前路置入记忆合金Staple.继续观察8周后完整获取两组山羊的顶椎上生长板、顶椎上一个椎体的下生长板以及两者之间的椎间盘,聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)包埋,不脱钙切片,甲苯胺蓝染色,镜下测量生长板生长方向上增殖层、肥大层高度.结果:10只山羊中有9只术后8～10周内进展为明显的脊柱侧凸,Staple治疗组(n=5)和对照组(n=4)的Cobb角分别为47.2°±11.2°、51.0°±17.7°,两组无显著性差异(P>0.05).Staple治疗组在Staple置入后即刻Cobb角为34.8°±12.4°,与置入前比较无明显差异(P>0.05);置入后8周为15.6°±11.7°,与置入后即刻比较明显变小(P<0.05);对照组在拴系取出术后即刻和术后8周Cobb角无明显变化(P>0.05).Staple治疗组生长板凸侧肥大层高度为29.17±4.38μm.凹侧为42.46±8.43μm,两侧有显著性差异(P<0.05);凸侧增殖层高度为75.70±18.36μm,凹侧为81.65±12.49μm,两侧无显著性差异(P>0.05).对照组生长板肥大层与增殖层高度两侧均无显著性差异(P>0.05).结论:Staple固定矫正脊柱侧凸重要的细胞学机制可能是逆转了生长板肥大层两侧原有的差异,使凸侧高度低于凹侧.     

血必净对脓毒症大鼠心肌保护作用的研究

目的观察血必净注射液对脓毒症大鼠心肌损伤的保护作用。方法将30只SD大鼠随机分为假手术组（Sham组）、脓毒症模型组（CLP组）及血必净治疗组（XBJ组），每组10只。Sham组只开腹关腹，余同CLP组；CLP组采用盲肠结扎穿孔法造模；XBJ组造模后立即经腹腔注射血必净注射液8ml／kg。观察24h后检测血清肌钙蛋白Ⅰ（TnI）、脑钠肽（BNP）、肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）、自细胞介素（IL）-1B，留取左心室心肌组织观察超微结构的改变。结果①脓毒症状态下TnⅠ、BNP、TNF-α、IL-1β水平显著升高，应用血必净注射液后各项指标明显改善。②血必净组心肌组织超微结构的损害较脓毒症组明显减轻。结论血必净注射液能改善脓毒症大鼠的心肌损伤，其机制可能与下调TNF-α、IL-1β水平有关。