90岁以上长寿老人听力与发中微量元素的观察

作者对30名90岁以上老人作纯音测听、高频测听和发中微量元素检测,与<60岁组人进行比较。结果:老年组纯音全频率听阈与对照组相比差异非常显著(P<0.01),高频测听,90岁组随着频率提高,听到耳数越来越少。并观察到90岁组发中锌、镁微量元素均低于<60岁组,两组间有显著差异(P<0.01)。对90岁组老人听力的特点,发中锌、镁微量元素含量减少对老年性耳聋的影响进行探讨。     

苦碟子注射液治疗突发性聋疗效的观察

目的:探讨苦碟子注射液治疗突发性聋的效果。方法:随机将120例患者分为两组,治疗组60例,予以苦碟子注射液治疗;对照组60例,予以低分子右旋糖酐联合复方丹参注射液治疗。结果:治疗组治疗耳聋、耳鸣总有效率分别为88.33%、82.86%,对照组分别为68.33%、62.50%,治疗组耳聋、耳鸣总有效率均明显高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:苦碟子注射液治疗突发性聋疗效好且安全可靠,无明显不良反应。     

脉络宁高压氧治疗突发性聋

目的：观察脉络宁高压氧治疗突发性聋的疗效。方法：应用脉络宁20ml加入5％葡萄糖注射液或氯化钠注射液250ml中滴注,每日1次,连续使用1月,同时接受高压氧治疗,每日1次,10次为1疗程;并与西医治疗组进行对照。结果：脉络宁高压氧治疗突发性聋总有效率85．72％,显著高于西医治疗组有效率的54．10％;脉络宁高压氧治疗突发性聋的疗效与治疗时间的早晚有关,治疗愈早,疗效愈好,疗程与疗效无显著的相关性。结论：脉络宁高压氧治疗突发性聋,听力恢复快,无副作用,优于单纯西医治疗。     

Epidemiology of chronic suppurative otitis media and deafness in a rural area and developing an intervention strategy

Of 613 children evaluated in a village in Haryana 94 (15.3%) were observed to have chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM). Fifty eight (61.7%) children had hearing impairment. CSOM contributed to 71.6% of the hearing impaired (58/81). On analysis of association of CSOM with literacy and socio-economic status of mothers, and age, sex, and upper respiratory tract infections (URI) in children positive correlation was observed only with URIs (P<0.001). Literacy and socio-economic status of the mothers did not correlate significantly with knowledge about treatment seeking, and ear cleaning practices, probably due to the narrow range of incomes and literacy levels. An intervention program consisting of play, demonstrations, health charts and slogans, and aural cleaning and antibiotic drops was introduced.     

分泌性中耳炎对内耳听觉功能的影响

为了解分泌性中耳炎（ Ｏ Ｍ Ｅ）对内耳听觉功能的影响,对 Ｏ Ｍ Ｅ２２０ 例、３０４ 耳分别进行纯音测听及声阻抗测定。结果表明,部分 Ｏ Ｍ Ｅ 患者骨导听阈升高,除造成传音性耳聋外,合并感音性耳聋（ Ｓ Ｎ Ｈ Ｌ）为３１８％ ,并随着病程延长, Ｓ Ｎ Ｈ Ｌ 发病率增高。提示应积极有效地治疗本病,应用扩血管及营养神经药物可防治 Ｓ Ｎ Ｈ Ｌ的发生。     

X-linked deafness,stapes gushers and a distinctive defect of the inner ear

Summary The association of X-linked mixed deafness with stapes gusher has been recognised for 20 years, and imaging studies by polytomography have shown dilatation of the lateral end of the internal auditory meatus (IAM) in some cases. We have made genetic linkage studies in 7 pedigrees in whom deafness was inherited in an X-linked manner. All patients had a full range of audiometric and vestibular function tests. Thin section high resolution CT in two planes was used to assess the state of the middle and inner ears. We found a distinctive inner ear deformity in some of the deaf males characterised not only by a wide bulbous IAM but more importantly, by deficient or absent bone between the lateral end of the IAM and the basal turn of the cochlea. We believe that this results in a communication between the subarachnoid space in the IAM and the perilymph in the cochlea, leading to perilymphatic hydrops and a gusher if the stapes is disturbed. Moreover, some of the obligate female carriers seem to have a milder form of the same anomaly associated with slight hearing loss. Genetic studies on some of the deaf males with apparently normal inner ear anatomy suggest a different locus on the X chromosome and hence a different pathogenesis for the deafness.     

突聋病人血液流变学及血脂代谢研究

目的探讨血液流变学和血清脂质代谢变化与突发性耳聋(突聋)的关系。方法检测50例突聋病人及50例对照者血液流变学参数及血清中甘油三酯(TG)、总胆固醇(CHO)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-CH)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-CH)、载脂蛋白A(ApoA)、载脂蛋白B(ApoB)和脂蛋白(a)[LP(a)]的含量。结果突聋组全血比粘度、全血还原比粘度、血浆粘度和红细胞压积均增高,与对照组比较差异有显著性(P<0.01);突聋组TG、LDL-CH、ApoB和LP(a)水平较对照组显著增高(P<0.01),HDL-CH较对照组显著降低(P<0.01)。两组间CHO和ApoA无显著性差异(P>0.05)。结论 血液流变学及血脂代谢的异常改变可能与突聋的发生相关。     

非综合征型遗传性聋家系系谱分析及mtDNA 12SrRNA tRNALeu(UUR)tRNASer(UCN) 基因突变分析

目的探讨非综合征型遗传性聋(NSHL)家系中线粒体基因(mtDNA)突变所占比重以及母系遗传的统计学规律.探讨mtDNA突变与遗传性聋的关系及突变在这类家系及散发感音神经性聋(SNHL)中的发生率.方法收集遗传性NSHL家系29个,行家系调查;对家系进行形式遗传学分析、分离分析;采取外周血,从白细胞中抽取DNA;以多重聚合酶链反应(PCR)法检测mtDNA(nt)1 555G、7 445G、3 243G点突变;行mtDNA12SrRNA,tRNALeu(UUR)及tRNASer(UCN)基因序列测定.结果多重PCR检测示mtDNA突变家系12个;形式遗传学分析确定为显性遗传不规则外显的家系,mtDNA突变率高;分离分析结合mtDNA突变检测示母系遗传不具有常染色体遗传基因分离比.经测序证实,12个家系具有mtDNA突变;形式为1 555G突变家系10个,7 445G突变家系2个,未发现3 243G突变家系.结论母系遗传与常染色体显性及隐性遗传基因传递分离比有差异;mtDNA突变在NSHL中占较高比例,主要形式是1 555G及7 445G突变.在散发病例中发生率很低;7 445G结合1 555G点突变筛查对SNHL的诊断有重要意义.多重PCR法是mtDNA多基因突变位点简便的检测方法.     

针刺与连续多点脉冲刺激对感觉神经性耳聋患者语言频率听力损失的影响

目的:探讨感觉神经性耳聋的有效治疗手段.方法:将经纯音测试、耳科医师确诊的34例轻中度感觉神经性耳聋患者,按中医辨证分为肝肾不足型(24例)和肝火旺盛型(10例),主穴取耳门、听宫、听会(取其一),翳风、神庭、百会、后顶、头维、聪耳1～3、聪脑1、聪脑2.配穴:肝肾不足型加肓俞、气海、关元、太溪;肝火旺盛型加中脘、天枢、阳陵泉、太冲.使用顺序连续多点脉冲刺激,每周2次,连续20周(40次)后复查纯音测听.结果:34例患者(58只病耳)治愈13例,好转21例;治疗前后各语言频率听阈纯音测听值均有明显提高,其差异有显著性意义(P<0.05).结论:针刺与连续多点脉冲刺激对感觉神经性耳聋患者语言频率听力损失具有确切疗效.     

Unpredictable Hearing Loss after Intratympanic Gentamicin Treatment for Vertigo. A New Theory

A new hypothesis is advanced suggesting that unpredictable cases of profound hearing loss after intratympanic gentamicin treatment (IGT) may be caused by decreased patency of the communication routes between the inner ear and the cerebrospinal fluid, primarily of the cochlear aqueduct. A tympanic displacement analyzer, which can indirectly analyze inner ear and intracranial pressure changes and can also evaluate the efficiency of communication between these two compartments, was used. Two cases are presented: in the first, a patient who became deaf after IGT showed signs of decreased patency of the communication routes with the tympanic membrane displacement (TMD) test; in the second, a patient without hearing damage after IGT had efficient communication evaluated by the TMD test. These preliminary findings are in accordance with the proposed pathophysiology. If future clinical studies confirm the present theory and findings, it may prove possible to predict and prevent deafness after IGT and possibly also after systemic aminoglycoside treatment.