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排序方式: 共有156条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Jiřina Bartůňková Ana Araujo Ondřej Hrušák Anna Šedivá 《Journal of clinical immunology》1997,17(6):455-461
Antineutrophil autoantibodies reacting with cytoplasmic antigens are associated with various types of vasculitides, whereas antibodies reacting with neutrophil membrane antigens are mostly related to autoimmune neutropenias. The aim of this study was the investigation of the effect of monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) reacting with surface and cytoplasmic antigens of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) known to be targets for autoantibodies in human diseases. Blood of healthy volunteers was tested for several phagocytic functions in the presence of MoAbs against surface (CD16, GD11b, CD18, NB1) and cytoplasmic (proteinase 3; PR3) molecules. Candidacidal activity was significantly inhibited in the presence of all MoAbs but isotypic control. Phagocytic activity was inhibited by anti-CD11b and/or anti-CD18 MoAbs. Zymosan-induced chemiluminescence was reduced by MoAbs anti-CD16, CD18, and NB1, enhanced by anti-PR3 MoAb, and less enhanced by anti-CD11b. In conclusion, antimembrane antibodies diminished phagocytic functions at multiple steps; in contrast, anticytoplasmic MoAb promoted activation of oxidative burst in addition to impairment of microbicidal activity. This fact may be related to different pathogenic aspects of diseases associated with antimembrane and anticytoplasmic antibodies. 相似文献
2.
Vlasák Aleš Skalický Petr Mládek Arnošt Vrána Jiří Beneš Vladimír Bradáč Ondřej 《Neurosurgical review》2021,44(1):503-514
Neurosurgical Review - To assess automated volumetric analysis as a potential presurgical diagnostic tool or as a method to potentially shed light on normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH)... 相似文献
3.
Lucie Bryndová Michal Bar Roman Herzig Robert Mikulík Jiří Neumann Daniel Šaňák Ondřej Škoda David Školoudík Daniel Václavík Aleš Tomek 《Health policy (Amsterdam, Netherlands)》2021,125(4):520-525
This article describes policy processes that have led to the re-organisation of stroke care in the Czech Republic since 2011, which has been part of a broader process of care concentration in several medical fields. Currently, stroke care is provided by 13 Comprehensive and 32 Primary Stroke Centres. The paper explains factors that supported the reform implementation, reviews implications, and discusses future challenges.Mandatory reporting of quality indicators, the introduction of a benchmarking system, integration with pre-hospital emergency care, and the introduction of countrywide patient triage have supported more timely treatment for stroke patients and better quality of care. Data from the Stroke Care Quality Indicators of the Czech Stroke Society show positive trends in many areas: the number of patients treated with intravenous thrombolysis quadrupled in eight years, with 26.4 % of all acute stroke patients receiving thrombolysis in 2018. Czech Republic now ranks third in Europe in the number of thrombolysis per population and second in the number of mechanical thrombectomies per population. The Czech experience provides an example of positive outcomes of concentrated stroke care, while highlighting the importance of proper implementation processes. In particular, it is essential to involve stakeholders and to provide reputational incentives through continuous benchmarking. 相似文献
4.
Martin Šíma Jan Hartinger Tereza Cikánková Ondřej Slanař 《Journal of infection and chemotherapy》2018,24(4):247-250
Purpose
Delayed achievement of target vancomycin serum concentrations may adversely affect clinical outcomes. The objective of this retrospective study was to explore the real frequency of loading dose use and to evaluate the impact of loading dose for the achievement of vancomycin PK/PD target in adult patients treated with intermittent vancomycin. As a secondary aim we determined optimal vancomycin loading dose based on individual pharmacokinetic calculations.Methods
Vancomycin pharmacokinetic models were computed using two-compartmental analysis. Based on these models AUC24 were calculated. Unpaired t-test was used to compare AUC24 achieved in patients treated with and without vancomycin loading dose.Results
Vancomycin loading dose was administered only in 17.8% patients. Volume of distribution and clearance median values (interquartile range) for vancomycin in whole study population (n = 45) were 0.69 (0.55–0.87) L/kg and 0.0304 (0.0217–0.0501) L/h/kg, respectively. The AUC24 was significantly higher in patients taking loading dose compared with the group without loading dose: mean (SD) AUC24 was 496 (101) vs. 341 (77) mg h/L. Proportion of patients reaching PK/PD goal was 87.5% and 24.3% with and without loading dose administration, respectively. Considering individual pharmacokinetic parameters optimal vancomycin loading dose was 27.5 mg/kg of body weight.Conclusions
Loading dose administration plays crucial part in rapid attainment of vancomycin PK/PD target in adult patient treated with intermittent vancomycin, although it is not frequently used in clinical practise. The optimal loading dose of 25–30 mg/kg of body weight should be routinely administered to adult patients treated with intermittent vancomycin. 相似文献5.
Stanislava Eisová Ondřej Naňka Petr Velemínský Emiliano Bruner 《Journal of anatomy》2021,239(5):1050-1065
Middle meningeal vessels, dural venous sinuses, and emissary veins leave imprints and canals in the endocranium, and thus provide evidence of vascular patterns in osteological samples. This paper investigates whether craniovascular morphology undergoes changes in craniosynostotic human skulls, and if specific alterations may reflect structural and functional relationships in the cranium. The analyzed osteological sample consists of adult individuals with craniosynostoses generally associated with dolichocephalic or brachycephalic proportions, and a control sample of anatomically normal adult skulls. The pattern and dominance of the middle meningeal artery, the morphology of the confluence of the sinuses, and the size and number of the emissary foramina were evaluated. Craniovascular morphology was more diverse in craniosynostotic skulls than in anatomically normal skulls. The craniosynostotic skulls often displayed enlarged occipito-marginal sinuses and more numerous emissary foramina. The craniosynostotic skulls associated with more brachycephalic morphology often presented enlarged emissary foramina, while the craniosynostotic skulls associated with dolichocephalic effects frequently displayed more developed posterior branches of the middle meningeal artery. The course and morphology of the middle meningeal vessels, dural venous sinuses, and emissary veins in craniosynostotic skulls can be related to the redistribution of growth forces, higher intracranial pressure, venous hypertension, or thermal constraints. These functional and structural changes are of interest in both anthropology and medicine, involving epigenetic traits that concern the functional and ontogenetic balance between soft and hard tissues. 相似文献
6.
Milan Hora Petr Stránský Ivan Trávníček Tomáš Ürge Viktor Eret Boris Kreuzberg Jan Baxa Hynek Mírka Fredrik Petersson Ondřej Hes Jiří Ferda 《World journal of urology》2013,31(5):1171-1176
Purpose
The new generation of 3TMRI has improved spatial and time resolutions, which are favourable in imaging of the renal vasculature. In this study, we have compared the imaging findings of the renal blood vessels using 3TMRI and CT with intraoperative assessment of the renal vasculature as gold standard.Methods
This prospective study was approved by the local ethical committee. Between 4/2011 and 12/2011, 80 patients with renal tumours underwent 3TMRA (angiography) (Magnetom SKYRA 3T, Siemens). Twenty of the patients were also examined with CT AG. The results of the CTA- and MRA-imaging studies were correlated with the intraoperative assessment of the renal vessels.Results
Seventy patients (87.5 %) had a detailed intraoperative assessment of the renal vessels. The sensitivities for CTA and MRA were 88.2 and 88.6 %, respectively. All discrepancies between imaging studies and intraoperative findings were due to inability to identify small polar vessels. The results of MRA were concordant with CTA in 85.0 % of cases. The (three) discrepancies between MRI and CT were due to failure of MRI in identifying small polar vessels.Conclusions
(1) 3TMRA gives detailed information about the renal vasculature including its topographical anatomy. (2) With MRI, small aberrant vessels are more frequently missed than with CTA. (3) CTA remains the gold standard. However, MRA may be used for planning of laparoscopic operations. (4) The quality of the 3D reconstruction is highly depending on the skills of the radiologist. 相似文献7.
Effect of deriving periosteal and endosteal contours from microCT scans on computation of cross‐sectional properties in non‐adults: the femur 下载免费PDF全文
Vladimír Sládek Veronika Sabolová Ondřej Šebesta Tomáš Zikmund Jozef Kaiser Simona Čerevková 《Journal of anatomy》2018,233(3):381-393
Derivation of periosteal and endosteal contours taken from transversal long bone cross‐sections limits the accuracy of calculated biomechanical properties. Although several techniques are available for deriving both contours, the effect of these techniques on accuracy of calculated cross‐sectional properties in non‐adults is unknown. We examine a sample of 86 non‐adult femora from birth to 12 years of age to estimate the effect of error in deriving periosteal and endosteal contours on cross‐sectional properties. Midshaft cross‐sections were taken from microCT scans and contours were derived using manual, fully automatic, spline, and ellipse techniques. Agreement between techniques was assessed against manually traced periosteal and endosteal contours using percent prediction error (%PE), reduced major axis analysis, and limits of agreement. The %PEs were highest in the medullary area and lowest in the total area. Mean %PEs were sufficiently below the 5% level of acceptable error, except for medullary areas, but individual values can greatly exceed this 5% boundary given the high standard deviation of %PE means and wide minimum–maximum range of %PEs. Automatic processing produces greater errors than does combination with manual, spline, and ellipse processing. Although periosteal contour is estimated with stronger agreement compared with endosteal contour, error in deriving periosteal contour has a substantially greater effect on calculated section moduli than does error in deriving endosteal contours. We observed no size effect on the resulting bias. Nevertheless, cross‐sectional properties in a younger age category may be estimated with greater error compared with in an older age category. We conclude that non‐adult midshaft cross‐sectional properties can be derived from microCT scans of femoral diaphyses with mean error of < 5% and that derivation of endosteal contour can be simplified by the ellipse technique because fully automatic derivation of endosteal contour may increase the resulting error, especially in small samples. 相似文献
8.
Ond?ej?ViklickyEmail author Radka?Bohmová Nengtai?Ouyang Eva?Honsová Alena?Lodererová Václav?Mandys ?tefan?Vítko Jens?Lutz Uwe?W.?Heemann 《Transplant international》2004,17(8):432-441
Background. Renal ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury and hypertension represent major alloantigen-independent factors contributing to the development of chronic allograft nephropathy of renal allografts. In the present study, we investigated the effect of the anti-proliferative immunosuppressant, sirolimus (SIR), in a model of accelerated renal injury in hypertensive transgenic rats (TGRs). Twenty anaesthetized uninephrectomized TGRs with renin overproduction [TGR(mREN2)27] and 20 normotensive Han SD (SD) rats as genetic controls had their renal pedicles clipped for 45 min and were subsequently treated with either SIR (0.5 mg/kg per day, orally) or placebo (n=10 in each group) for 16 weeks, after which time the kidneys were harvested for morphological and immunohistochemical analysis. High-renin hypertension aggravated the functional and structural changes induced by I/R in SD animals: both SIR-treated and untreated TGRs exhibited significantly greater proteinuria and suffered from more severe glomerulosclerosis (P<0.01) and vasculopathy (P<0.01), as well as compensatory renal hypertrophy (P<0.01) and tissue TGF-1 expression, than both normotensive SD groups (P<0.01). SIR-treated SD rats showed reduced proteinuria (P<0.01), glomerulosclerosis (P<0.01), and TGF-1 expression in the glomerular epithelium and proximal tubuli (P<0.05) compared with placebo-treated SD rats. SIR-treated TGRs had significantly lower proteinuria at week 4 after I/R (P<0.01) than placebo-treated TGRs, but there were no significant differences thereafter. Morphological patterns were similar in treated and untreated TGRs at week 16. High-renin-induced hypertension aggravated the renal injury induced by I/R. Sirolimus treatment ameliorated some late functional and morphological changes induced by I/R injury in hypertensive TGRs but, particularly, in normotensive SD rats. 相似文献
9.
Cross-sections for the proton induced reactions on natural molybdenum leading to 93mTc, 93m+gTc, 94Tc, 94mTc, 95Tc, 95mTc, 96m+gTc, 99mTc, 90Mo, 93mMo, 99Mo, 90m+gNb, 92mNb, 95Nb and 89m+gZr were measured in the proton energy range 8.4–37.1 MeV on the cyclotron U-120M at the Institute of Nuclear Physics AS CR. Special attention was paid to excitation functions and thick target yields for the formation of 95mTc, a suitable tracer for 99Tc, of 96m+gTc, which was proposed as a proton beam monitor, and of 99mTc and 99Mo, the most widespread radionuclide generator pair in nuclear medicine. If appropriate, obtained data are compared with the heretofore published cross-sections. 相似文献
10.
J Trmal E Jílková J Ond?ej 《Ceskoslovenská epidemiologie, mikrobiologie, imunologie》1990,39(6):321-326
An important system of infectiousness in HBsAg positive subjects is HBeAg. The authors examined a total of 145 HBeAg carriers for the presence of HBeAg, using the RIA method. In 88 subjects on records of the District Hygiene Station on account of positive HBsAg HBeAg was present in 25%. In the group of 26 patients included in a regular haemodialyzation programme 92.3% were HBeAg positive. Another group comprises 31 inmates of a social care institute where HBeAg was revealed in 22.58%. Viral hepatitis B in the case-history was recorded in HBeAg positive subjects in 100% of dialyzed patients, in 56.25% of subjects on records of the District Hygiene Station and in 14.28% of the children in social care institutions. The authors discuss the problem of the epidemiological impact of HBeAg positive subjects as possible sources of viral hepatitis type B. Despite the limited importance of HBeAg examinations for the unequivocal assessment of infectiousness of HBsAg/HBeAg positive subjects the authors assume that general availability of HBeAg examination will be a valuable contribution to epidemiological practice. 相似文献