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1.
Insulin containing gelatin microspheres (IGM) with and without soyabean trypsin inhibitor (TI) were pre-pared and coated with enteric polymers to protect them from degradation in stomach and to release the insulin upon reaching the intestine. Four types of coated IGM were prepared: (i) IGM coated with natural polymers (chitosan inner coat-alginate outer coat), (ii) IGM-TI coated with cellulose acetate phthalate; (iii) IGM-TI coated with cellulose acetate butyrate, and (iv) IGM-TI coated with natural polymers (chitosan inner coat-alginate outer coat). The protective efficiency of uncoated and four types of coated microspheres to-ward digestive enzymes such as pepsin and trypsin was evaluated under simulated physiological conditions. The microspheres were characterized for their insulin content and particle size. The morphology of the micro-spheres was studied using scanning electron micros-copy. The in vitro release studies of insulin from uncoated and coated microspheres indicated that the release followed a zero-order pattern, prolonging for 6 days from 2 days in the case of uncoated spheres. The uncoated and coated microspheres containing insulin (20 IU/kg) were orally administered to albino Wistar rats by stomach tube, and insulin absorption was evaluated by assessing the hypoglycemic effect in normal and diabetic rats. A significant and continuous hypoglycemic effect was observed in diabetic rats following oral administration of coated IGM containing TI when compared to the effect following administration of coated IGM without TI. 相似文献
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A. Townsend Peterson Narayani Barve Luis Mauricio Bini José Alexandre Diniz-Filho Alberto Jiménez-Valverde Andrés Lira-Noriega Jorge Lobo Sean Maher Paulo de Marco Jr. Enrique Martínez-Meyer Yoshinori Nakazawa Jorge Soberón 《Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America》2009,106(16):E47
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Sebastiano Sciarretta Derek Yee Narayani Nagarajan Franca Bianchi Toshiro Saito Valentina Valenti Mingming Tong Dominic P. Del Re Carmine Vecchione Leonardo Schirone Maurizio Forte Speranza Rubattu Akihiro Shirakabe V. Subbarao Boppana Massimo Volpe Giacomo Frati Peiyong Zhai Junichi Sadoshima 《Journal of the American College of Cardiology》2018,71(18):1999-2010
Background
Trehalose (TRE) is a natural, nonreducing disaccharide synthesized by lower organisms. TRE exhibits an extraordinary ability to protect cells against different kinds of stresses through activation of autophagy. However, the effect of TRE on the heart during stress has never been tested.Objectives
This study evaluated the effects of TRE administration in a mouse model of chronic ischemic remodeling.Methods
Wild-type (WT) or beclin1+/? mice were subjected to permanent ligation of the left anterior descending artery (LAD) and then treated with either placebo or trehalose (1 mg/g/day intraperitoneally for 48 h, then 2% in the drinking water). After 4 weeks, echocardiographic, hemodynamic, gravimetric, histological, and biochemical analyses were conducted.Results
TRE reduced left ventricular (LV) dilation and increased ventricular function in mice with LAD ligation compared with placebo. Sucrose, another nonreducing disaccharide, did not exert protective effects during post-infarction LV remodeling. Trehalose administration to mice overexpressing GFP-tagged LC3 significantly increased the number of GFP-LC3 dots, both in the presence and absence of chloroquine administration. TRE also increased cardiac LC3-II levels after 4 weeks following myocardial infarction (MI), indicating that it induced autophagy in the heart in vivo. To evaluate whether TRE exerted beneficial effects through activation of autophagy, trehalose was administered to beclin 1+/? mice. The improvement of LV function, lung congestion, cardiac remodeling, apoptosis, and fibrosis following TRE treatment observed in WT mice were all significantly blunted in beclin 1+/? mice.Conclusions
TRE reduced MI-induced cardiac remodeling and dysfunction through activation of autophagy. 相似文献10.
Narayani P. Singh PhD John D. Bogden PhD Morris M. Joselow PhD 《Archives of environmental & occupational health》2013,68(11):557-558
? Mean whole blood concentrations for lead and thallium were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometric analysis for children residing in Newark, NJ. Frequency distributions for the various concentration ranges for both metals were recorded. There is no noticeable correlation between the lead and thallium content of whole blood, which suggests that exposure to and/or absorption of these substances are different. 相似文献