头皮冠状切口的并发症及其防治

目的：对采用头皮冠状切口所引发的并发症进行分析，探讨防治策略。方法：对我科2003-01～2006—07应用头皮冠状切口行颅颌面骨折修复重建、颌面部肿瘤切除与缺损修复、先天性颅颌面畸形矫正的221例中发生并发症的40例进行分析总结。结果：18例出现头皮麻木及感觉异常，9例有较宽切口瘢痕，6例出现脱发，4例发生颞窝凹陷，2例发生头皮下血肿，2例出现单侧面神经颞支损伤，1例发生鼻眶区肥厚。结论：头皮冠状切口具有切口隐蔽、面部疤痕不明显，显露充分的优点，但对其并发症也不容忽视。应根据具体情况选择合适的切口类型，术中精细的解剖、神经血管的良好保护以及正确的缝合方法可减少并发症的发生。     

持续弹性外牵引矫正乳头内陷

目的 探索一种行之有效的、微创的乳头内陷矫正方法。方法 用钢丝、弹簧和塑料注射器制成弹性可调式的乳头内陷矫治器，利用弹性牵引作用，持续牵拉内陷乳头3～6个月。结果 14例患者均得以矫正，并获得良好的近期效果。1例患者因左侧乳头内陷严重，治疗2周时钢丝接近脱出乳头而更换矫治器并延长佩戴时间。随访患者6～12个月。效果稳定。结论 弹性可调式乳头内陷矫治器用于先天性乳头内陷的治疗，近期临床效果较好，为目前较佳的非手术治疗乳头内陷的方法，但其机理和远期效果还需进一步研究和观察。     

专家点评

高压氧(HBO)治疗新生大鼠缺氧缺血性脑损伤(HIBD)的时间窗,一直是个有争议的话题.本研究应用新生大鼠HIBD模型探讨HBO治疗的最佳时间窗,结论是单次HBO治疗新生大鼠HIBD的最佳时间在缺氧缺血后的6 h之内.尽管,HBO治疗的时间愈早,疗效愈好,早有定论;但这个实验结果仍给了我们很好的启迪.虽然,动物实验证实HBO治疗能够通过增加氧在脑中弥散,从而减轻脑水肿、调节脑代谢、抑制凋亡的发生.然而就HBO的临床应用存在着相当大的分歧.HBO治疗的目标不是缺血灶的中心区,而是周围半影区中可存活的,但无功能的神经细胞,因此开始应用HBO的最佳时机也应该在缺氧缺血/再灌注后的6 h之内,亦即迟发性神经元死亡发生之前.但由于出生后6 h,为临床急症处理期,显然,缺氧缺血后6 h之内的这个时间窗,限制了其在临床实践中应用的可能性.当然,发表本文并不意味着本刊对此观点的肯定,也不是本研究完美无缺.事实上,本研究缺少一定疗程,也没有对行为进行观察;更不应以单次治疗结果判断疗效;其样本数不符本刊论著(以小动物为研究对象时,每组不少于8只)的要求.因此,希望今后的研究能够注意这些问题.发表此文的目的是希望有更多的学者关注这个话题,并希望能有更深入的研究发表.     

小学生个性影响因素研究

【目的】分析影响儿童个性的有关因素，为培养儿童的健全人格提供依据。【方法】对西安市所属的七个区各随机抽取一所学校，每所学校抽取四、五、六年级各两个班．采用龚耀先修订的艾森克个性问卷（Eysenck Personality Questionnaire，EPQ）（儿童用）和自编的个人一般情况调查表，对2000名儿童进行调查。将调查所得数椐进行多元逐步回归分析。【结果】影响小学生个性精神性（Psy choticism，P）的因素有性别、是否班干部、父母关系；影响内外向（extrovision and intrnision，E）的因素有性别、父母关系、是否班干部、住所、母亲文化程度、所在学校；影响情绪稳定性（nearoticism，N）、掩饰性（lie,L）的均为性别、父母关系2个因素。【结论】儿童个性受家庭、学校环境等的多重影响。家长、教师应创造良好的家庭、社会环境，保持情绪乐观、稳定，避免对子女儿童的负面影响，以利于其个性向积极方向发展。     

匹罗卡品致(癎)大鼠海马中表达生长抑素的中间神经元数目变化及其轴突出芽

Objective To investigate the roles of somatostatin(SS)positive intemeurons in the development and compensation of temporal lobe epilepsy.Methods Piloearpine-induced epilepsy rat model was established.Immunohistochemistry method was used to detect number changes and axonal sprouting of SS positive intemeurons in different domains of the hippocampus at difierent time points.Degeneration of SS positive interneurons and their neurophils were detected by the double immunofluorescence staining with SS and Fluoro-Jade B(FJB)at 7 and 60 days after status epilepticus (SE).Results In the exoerimental rat group,the number of SS positive neurons decreased in each hippocampal domain,and it reached the lowest at 7 days post-SE(There were 11.1±3.3 in hilus,2.8±0.9 in CA1region and 1.8±0.7 in CA1region,t=13.519,9.644 and 8.808,all P<0.01).In chronic phase,the number of SS neurons gradually recovered,and exceeded the control group in CA1 area at 60 days post-SE(12.8±1.5 vs 8.8±1.3,t=-4.506,P<0.01),however,the number of SS neurons in the hilus(25.5±4.6)and CA1 area(4.8±0.8)remained significantly less than normal levels(t value were 4.691 and 3.953.both P<0.01).Increased SS positive fibers were found in the lacunosum-molecular (1m)layer and outer molecular layer of dentate gyrus after 30 days post-SE,and numerous SS positive fibers were seen threnghout the layers of area CA1 at 60 days post-SE.Double immunofluuorescence revealed that a few SS positive interneurons and fibers were also labeled by FJB in area CA1 at 7 days post-SE and in CA domain/hilus at 60 days post-SE.Conclusions SS intemeurons loss plays an important role in the development of temporal lobe epilepsy.The loss is partially caIlsed by the degeneration and death of neurons;SS positive neurophils increase within area CA1 in chronic phase may play a significant role in the generation and compensation of temporal lobe epilepsy.     

心理护理发展中相关问题的思考

围绕心理护理在理论和实践中取得的进步和存在的相关问题,运用哲学的原理探讨如何发展心理护理理论,提高护士的实践能力和素质水平,完善护理管理体制。     

达芬霖与肾上腺素在鼻内窥镜手术中应用的比较

目的探讨达芬霖与肾上腺素在鼻内窥镜手术中的应用价值。方法观察达芬霖、肾上腺素分别在鼻内窥镜手术应用中对患者血压、心率的影响,观察出现反跳性鼻腔黏膜充血肿胀的时间和例数,并进行对比讨论。结果在达芬霖应用前后,30例患者的血压、心率变化差异无显著性,在肾上腺素应用前后,30例患者的血压、心率变化差异也无显著性,60例手术均在1￣3h内完成,达芬霖组无1例出现反跳性鼻腔黏膜充血肿胀,肾上腺素组有6例出现轻微的反跳性鼻腔黏膜充血肿胀,达芬霖组平均出血量248mL,肾上腺素组平均出血量120mL,P<0.05。结论达芬霖、肾上腺素作为鼻黏膜血管减充血剂和麻醉辅助药,常规用于鼻内窥镜手术是安全、有效的,用肾上腺素优于用达芬霖。     

匹罗卡品致(癎)大鼠海马中表达生长抑素的中间神经元数目变化及其轴突出芽

Objective To investigate the roles of somatostatin(SS)positive intemeurons in the development and compensation of temporal lobe epilepsy.Methods Piloearpine-induced epilepsy rat model was established.Immunohistochemistry method was used to detect number changes and axonal sprouting of SS positive intemeurons in different domains of the hippocampus at difierent time points.Degeneration of SS positive interneurons and their neurophils were detected by the double immunofluorescence staining with SS and Fluoro-Jade B(FJB)at 7 and 60 days after status epilepticus (SE).Results In the exoerimental rat group,the number of SS positive neurons decreased in each hippocampal domain,and it reached the lowest at 7 days post-SE(There were 11.1±3.3 in hilus,2.8±0.9 in CA1region and 1.8±0.7 in CA1region,t=13.519,9.644 and 8.808,all P<0.01).In chronic phase,the number of SS neurons gradually recovered,and exceeded the control group in CA1 area at 60 days post-SE(12.8±1.5 vs 8.8±1.3,t=-4.506,P<0.01),however,the number of SS neurons in the hilus(25.5±4.6)and CA1 area(4.8±0.8)remained significantly less than normal levels(t value were 4.691 and 3.953.both P<0.01).Increased SS positive fibers were found in the lacunosum-molecular (1m)layer and outer molecular layer of dentate gyrus after 30 days post-SE,and numerous SS positive fibers were seen threnghout the layers of area CA1 at 60 days post-SE.Double immunofluuorescence revealed that a few SS positive interneurons and fibers were also labeled by FJB in area CA1 at 7 days post-SE and in CA domain/hilus at 60 days post-SE.Conclusions SS intemeurons loss plays an important role in the development of temporal lobe epilepsy.The loss is partially caIlsed by the degeneration and death of neurons;SS positive neurophils increase within area CA1 in chronic phase may play a significant role in the generation and compensation of temporal lobe epilepsy.     

阿拉瑞林与小剂量利维爱联合应用治疗子宫内膜异位症合并不孕症的研究

目的:探讨阿拉瑞林与小剂量利维爱(替勃龙)联合应用治疗子宫内膜异位症合并不孕症的疗效及其耐受性。方法:研究对象为1998年1月～2001年6月期间在我院诊治的40例子宫内膜异位症合并不孕症患者。实验组给以阿拉瑞林及利维爱,对照组单用阿拉瑞林。结果:用药后两组患者血清E2、P、FSH、LH水平及AEMAb、CA125阳性率均明显下降;症状体征明显改善;在治疗结束后6个月,实验组中55％、对照组中45％患者妊娠,两组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。实验组未出现低雌激素症候群,而对照组中85％患者出现该症候群,两组差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:阿拉瑞林与小剂量利维爱联合应用不仅疗效好,而且副作用小。     

碘和甲状腺球蛋白诱导大鼠自身免疫性甲状腺炎的研究

目的　研究碘与自身免疫性甲状腺炎 (EAT)的关系。方法　用碘和甲状腺球蛋白 (TG)诱导SD大鼠建立甲状腺炎模型 ,随机分为 5组 ,每组 10只。正常对照组 (NC组 ) ;少量碘组 (LI组 ) :饮 5 0 0 μg/L碘化钠水 ;大量碘组 (HI组 ) :饮 5 0 0mg/L碘化钠水 ;TG组 :于实验第 15天大鼠接受皮内多点注射完全福氏佐剂乳化的TG各 10 0 μg作为初次免疫 ,2周后以不完全福氏佐剂乳化的TG加强免疫 ,以后每周加强免疫 1次至第 6周末实验结束 ;TG HI组 :TG及HI给药方法同上。至第 6周末实验结束处死所有动物 ,用放免法检测血清TG抗体 (TGAb)及甲状腺过氧化物酶抗体 (TPOAb)效价 ,并于光镜下观察甲状腺组织淋巴细胞浸润程度。结果　TG HI组、HI组及TG组甲状腺滤泡破坏及淋巴细胞浸润均较明显 ,TG HI组及HI组与NC组比较 ,P<0 .0 5 ,TG组与NC组比较有增高趋势 ,但无统计学意义。 3组TGAb、TPOAb均明显高于NC组及LI组 (P<0 .0 1;仅HI组TPOAbP<0 .0 5 )。各组TGAb及TPOAb水平与甲状腺病理分级呈正相关关系 (r =0 .9,P<0 .0 5 )。结论　高碘可诱发SD鼠EAT发生 ,TG与高碘结合诱导SD大鼠EAT的作用更明显