全文获取类型
收费全文 | 897篇 |
免费 | 25篇 |
国内免费 | 7篇 |
专业分类
耳鼻咽喉 | 9篇 |
儿科学 | 46篇 |
妇产科学 | 65篇 |
基础医学 | 79篇 |
口腔科学 | 33篇 |
临床医学 | 71篇 |
内科学 | 225篇 |
皮肤病学 | 14篇 |
神经病学 | 59篇 |
特种医学 | 14篇 |
外科学 | 133篇 |
综合类 | 8篇 |
预防医学 | 30篇 |
眼科学 | 22篇 |
药学 | 52篇 |
中国医学 | 1篇 |
肿瘤学 | 68篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 1篇 |
2023年 | 11篇 |
2022年 | 6篇 |
2021年 | 23篇 |
2020年 | 20篇 |
2019年 | 14篇 |
2018年 | 16篇 |
2017年 | 20篇 |
2016年 | 18篇 |
2015年 | 36篇 |
2014年 | 36篇 |
2013年 | 41篇 |
2012年 | 49篇 |
2011年 | 74篇 |
2010年 | 36篇 |
2009年 | 32篇 |
2008年 | 79篇 |
2007年 | 82篇 |
2006年 | 82篇 |
2005年 | 67篇 |
2004年 | 74篇 |
2003年 | 40篇 |
2002年 | 33篇 |
2001年 | 13篇 |
2000年 | 6篇 |
1999年 | 9篇 |
1998年 | 2篇 |
1997年 | 2篇 |
1996年 | 1篇 |
1994年 | 1篇 |
1991年 | 1篇 |
1989年 | 2篇 |
1986年 | 1篇 |
1962年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有929条查询结果,搜索用时 0 毫秒
1.
Gürbüz Y Kahlke V Klöppel G 《Virchows Archiv : an international journal of pathology》2002,440(5):505-511
Gastric carcinoma classifications differ in their value for distinguishing tumors according to their morphological pattern, functional properties, and biological significance. In this study we evaluated which of three established classification systems is best correlated with the expression patterns of certain mucins. A total of 160 gastric carcinomas from Turkey and Germany were screened immunohistochemically for the expression of MUC1, MUC2, MUC5AC, and MUC6, and the results were related to the different tumor categories in Lauren's, Carneiro's, and Goseki's classifications. It was found that in all three classifications carcinomas belonging to the gland-forming category most commonly expressed MUC1: 78% of Goseki's grade I carcinomas, 81.1% of Lauren's intestinal type carcinomas, and 82.8% of Carneiro's glandular type. MUC2 was expressed in all Goseki grade II carcinomas, which comprise the mucinous type, while it was not significantly associated with any of the other classifications. MUC5AC was found in all Goseki grade IV carcinomas, i.e., signet ring cell carcinomas. It was also significantly associated with Carneiro's mixed type and isolated cell type carcinomas, while there was no correlation with any of Lauren's types. MUC6 failed to show a relationship with any of the categories of the various classifications. We conclude that Goseki's classification is best correlated with MUC expression patterns because it distinguishes clearly between MUC1-positive gland-forming carcinomas, MUC2-positive mucinous ones, and MUC5AC-positive signet ring cell carcinomas. It is likely that each of these gastric carcinoma types has its own carcinogenesis. 相似文献
2.
Akpinar Cagri Dogan Ozlem Kubilay Eralp Gokce Mehmet Ilker Suer Evren Gulpinar Omer Baltaci Sumer 《International urology and nephrology》2021,53(3):393-400
International Urology and Nephrology - To investigate the role of urinary neutrophil gelatinase-induced lipocalin (uNGAL) measurement in the early diagnosis of acute kidney injury that may occur... 相似文献
3.
F. Yesim K. Demirci Reyhan Kü?ükkaya Koray Akar?ay Nur Kir Tanju Atamer 《International ophthalmology》1999,23(3):181-181
Corrigendum
Corrigendum 相似文献4.
Extracts of Ginkgo biloba (EGb) are among the most prescribed drugs in France and Germany. EGb is claimed to be effective in peripheral arterial disorders and in "cerebral insufficiency." The mechanism of action is not yet well understood. Three of the ingredients of the extract have been isolated and found to be pharmacologically active, but which one alone or in combination is responsible for clinical effects is unknown. The recommended daily dose (3 x 40 mg extract) is based more on empirical data than on clinical dose-findings studies. However, despite these, according to double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trials, EGb has therapeutic effects, at least, on the diagnostic entity of "cerebral insufficiency," which is used in Europe as synonymous with early dementia. To determine whether EGb has significant pharmacological effects on the human brain, a pharmacodynamic study was conducted using the Quantitative Pharmacoelectroencephalogram (QPEEG(R)) method. It was established that the pharmacological effects (based on a predetermined 7.5--13.0-Hz alpha frequency band in a computer-analyzed electroencephalogram = CEEG(R)) of EGb on the central nervous system (CNS) are significantly different than placebo, and the high and low doses could be discriminated from each other. The 120-mg, but particularly the 240-mg, single doses showed the most consistent CNS effects with an earlier onset (1 h) and longer duration (7 h). Furthermore, it was established that the electrophysiological effects of EGb in CNS are similar to those of well-known cognitive activators such as "nootropics" as well as tacrine, the only marketed "antidementia" drug currently available in the United States. 相似文献
5.
Yesim Cetinkaya Sardan Pinar Zarakolu Belgin Altun Aycan Yildirim Gonul Yildirim Gulsen Hascelik Omrum Uzun 《Infection control and hospital epidemiology》2004,25(10):878-882
BACKGROUND: On February 19, 2003, four patients (patients 1-4) in the neurology ward underwent cranial magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) and developed fever within 1 hour afterward. Klebsiella oxytoca was isolated from blood cultures of patients 1 through 3. OBJECTIVE: To identify the source of this cluster of nosocomial K. oxytoca bloodstream infections. DESIGN: Outbreak investigation. SETTING: A 1,000-bed university hospital. METHODS: The infection control team reviewed patient charts and interviewed nursing staff about the preparation and administration of parenteral fluids. The procedure of cranial MRA was observed. Arbitrarily primed polymerase chain reaction (AP-PCR) was performed to show the clonal relationship among these three strains. RESULTS: AP-PCR revealed that three K. oxytoca isolates had the same molecular profile. Cranial MRA was found to be the only common source among these patients. During MRA, before injection of the contrast medium, normal saline solution was infused to check the functioning of the intravenous catheter. Use of the solution for multiple patients was routine, but the access diaphragm of the bottle was not cleansed. The bottle of normal saline solution used on February 19 had already been discarded and the culture sample taken from the solution on the day of observation was sterile. CONCLUSIONS: We speculate that normal saline solution became contaminated during manipulation and that successive uses might have been responsible for this cluster. Poor aseptic techniques employed during successive uses appear to be the most likely route of contamination. Use of parenteral solutions for multiple patients was discontinued. 相似文献
6.
7.
Sule Kalkan Mukaddes Gumustekin Oguz Aygoren Yesim Tuncok Ayse Gelal Hulya Guven 《European journal of drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics》2004,29(2):119-123
This study investigated the effect of diltiazem on the bioavailability of oral and intravenous cyclosporine (CsA) in rats. While control rats received normal saline, experimental groups received 60 or 90 mg/kg diltiazem orally for 3 days. Each group divided into 2 equal groups that received a single oral dose or i.v. injection of CsA. Pharmacokinetic parameters were analyzed by nonparametric analysis of variance. Pretreatment with 60 or 90 mg/kg diltiazem decreased the area under the blood CsA concentration-time curve (AUC) of oral CsA compared to control group (54.5% and 65.5% for AUC(0-24), 57.6% and 62.2% for AUC(0-infinity), respectively, p<0.05). Mean CsA maximum concentration (Cmax) decreased from 0.4 +/- 0.1 microg/ml to 0.1 +/- 0.0 microg/mL in rats pretreated with 90 mg/kg diltiazem (p<0.05). The absolute bioavailability after oral administration (F(p.o.)) in the 60 or 90 mg/kg diltiazem groups were lower than the control group (9.6% and 8.5% versus 22.6%). Pretreatment with 90 mg/kg but not 60 mg/kg of diltiazem increased the AUC(0-infinity), elimination half-life (t1/2) of intravenous CsA (116.0%, 219.2%, respectively, p<0.05) and decreased the intravenous CsA clearence (CL(i.v.)) (62.9%, p<0.05). Diltiazem decreased the bioavailability of oral CsA, while it increased the bioavailability of intravenous CsA. One must consider this interaction when administering oral or intravenous CsA concomitantly with diltiazem. 相似文献
8.
9.
10.