老年人心脑血管病院外急症临床分析(附818例急症抢救报告)

目的 探讨老年人心脑血管病院外急症病例的特点,为进一步提高院前急救水平提供依据.方法 对818例60岁以上老年人心脑血管病院外急症病例的临床资料,进行回顾性分析.结果 在818例患者中,属心血管疾患有726例,占88.75%,属脑血管疾患92例,占11.25%,经过临床分析:发病多在12、1、2、3月份,且与气候、情绪变化、工作劳累、活动量突增都成正比关系.结论 要高度重视心脑血管病的猝死前的各种信号,争分夺秒,忙而不乱,紧急救治,是把病死率限制到最小范围的关键.     

白血病患者造血干细胞移植前单次全身照射的预后分析

Objective To analyze the prognostic factors of patients with leukemia treated with single fraction total body irradiation (SFTBI) followed by hernatopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT).Methods From January 2001 to September 2008, 102 patients received HSCT. The differences of the survival rate, relapse rate and incidence of interstitial pneumonia (IP) between groups regarding different genders, ages, pathological types, transplantation methods and TBI parameters were compared and the factors related with the survival rate, relapse rate and incidence of IP were analyzed. Results The followup time ranged from 15 to 1482 days (median, 406 days). The follow-up rate was 95.1%. 86 and 55patients were followed up more than one year and three years. The 1-and 3-year survival rates were 59.0%and 44.0%. In univariate analysis, the 3-year survival rate was signifcantly different between the groups with and without relapse before transplantation (20% vs. 55%, χ2 = 6.33, P = 0. 012), allogeneictranplantation versus autologous tranplantation (39% vs. 68%, χ2 = 8.06, P = 0.005), grade 3 or more acute graft versus host disease (aGVHD) and grade 0 -2 aGVHD (0% vs. 54%, χ2 = 7.52, P = 0.006),with and without relapse after transplantation (19% vs. 58%, χ2 = 10.13, P =0.001), with and without IP (23% vs. 58%, χ2 =8.35, P=0.004). Multivariate analysis showed that grade 3 or more aGVHD was the only statistically significant prognostic factors (χ2 = 12. 74 ,P =0. 000). The l-and 3-year relapse rateswere 30. 0% and 50. 0%. The incidence of relapse was obviously higher in the group with relapse before transplantation than that without (47% vs. 16%, χ2 =7. 32, P=0. 007). Multivariate analysis showed thatrelapse before transplantation was a significant factor predicting relapse after transplantation (χ2 = 9. 39,P =0. 020). The cumulative incidence of IP was 35.0%. The incidence of IP was different between groups with dose homogeneity > 3% and ≤ 3% (27% vs. 4%, χ2 = 5. 21, P = 0. 023), with and without acute parotitis (34% vs. 3%, χ2 = 14. 15, P= 0.000), allogeneic transplantation group and autologous transplantation group (31% vs. 8%, χ2= 7.70, P= 0.006). Multivariate analysis showed that transplantation methods, acute parotitis and dose homogeneity were statistically significant factors in predictingIP (χ2 = 10. 08 , 10. 08 and 7.69 , P = 0. 002 , 0. 002 and 0. 010 , respectively) . Conclusions Patients who develop grade 3 or higher aGVHD have poor prognosis. Dose homogeneity influences the incidence of IP. Patients undergoing allogeneic transplantation are apt to have IP. Acute parotitis is related with IP and might be a predictor.     

全身照射方法在白血病治疗中的应用现况

全身照射(total body irradiation,TBI)是放疗特殊照射方法之一.自1959年Thomas第1次用TBI预处理方案成功完成了第1例移植后,40多年来TBI因其独特作用已成为异基因和白体基因移植的重要常规治疗的一部分,用于配合化学治疗和骨髓移植或外周血干细胞移植治疗白血病和某些晚期已经全身转移的对放射较敏感的恶性肿瘤.     

白血病患者造血干细胞移植前单次全身照射的预后分析

Objective To analyze the prognostic factors of patients with leukemia treated with single fraction total body irradiation (SFTBI) followed by hernatopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT).Methods From January 2001 to September 2008, 102 patients received HSCT. The differences of the survival rate, relapse rate and incidence of interstitial pneumonia (IP) between groups regarding different genders, ages, pathological types, transplantation methods and TBI parameters were compared and the factors related with the survival rate, relapse rate and incidence of IP were analyzed. Results The followup time ranged from 15 to 1482 days (median, 406 days). The follow-up rate was 95.1%. 86 and 55patients were followed up more than one year and three years. The 1-and 3-year survival rates were 59.0%and 44.0%. In univariate analysis, the 3-year survival rate was signifcantly different between the groups with and without relapse before transplantation (20% vs. 55%, χ2 = 6.33, P = 0. 012), allogeneictranplantation versus autologous tranplantation (39% vs. 68%, χ2 = 8.06, P = 0.005), grade 3 or more acute graft versus host disease (aGVHD) and grade 0 -2 aGVHD (0% vs. 54%, χ2 = 7.52, P = 0.006),with and without relapse after transplantation (19% vs. 58%, χ2 = 10.13, P =0.001), with and without IP (23% vs. 58%, χ2 =8.35, P=0.004). Multivariate analysis showed that grade 3 or more aGVHD was the only statistically significant prognostic factors (χ2 = 12. 74 ,P =0. 000). The l-and 3-year relapse rateswere 30. 0% and 50. 0%. The incidence of relapse was obviously higher in the group with relapse before transplantation than that without (47% vs. 16%, χ2 =7. 32, P=0. 007). Multivariate analysis showed thatrelapse before transplantation was a significant factor predicting relapse after transplantation (χ2 = 9. 39,P =0. 020). The cumulative incidence of IP was 35.0%. The incidence of IP was different between groups with dose homogeneity > 3% and ≤ 3% (27% vs. 4%, χ2 = 5. 21, P = 0. 023), with and without acute parotitis (34% vs. 3%, χ2 = 14. 15, P= 0.000), allogeneic transplantation group and autologous transplantation group (31% vs. 8%, χ2= 7.70, P= 0.006). Multivariate analysis showed that transplantation methods, acute parotitis and dose homogeneity were statistically significant factors in predictingIP (χ2 = 10. 08 , 10. 08 and 7.69 , P = 0. 002 , 0. 002 and 0. 010 , respectively) . Conclusions Patients who develop grade 3 or higher aGVHD have poor prognosis. Dose homogeneity influences the incidence of IP. Patients undergoing allogeneic transplantation are apt to have IP. Acute parotitis is related with IP and might be a predictor.     

1-3个肺癌脑转移灶患者放疗疗效及预后分析

目的:探讨 1-3个肺癌脑转移灶患者行全脑放疗后病灶局部适形/调强放疗加量的疗效和耐受性.方法: 回顾性分析2008年1月至2010年3月对76例1-3个脑转移灶肺癌患者进行全脑放疗后病灶局部放疗加量的疗效和副反应.生存分析采用Kaplan-Meier法,多因素COX回归分析影响患者预后的因素,各亚组之间的差异比较采用Logrank检验.结果: 全组随访1.4-51个月,平均18.6个月,临床缓解率为73%,临床获益率92%.1年生存率34%,2年生存率20%.中位生存时间为9.6月,仅1个颅内转移灶的患者中位生存时间为11.4个月,2-3个转移灶的患者中位生存时间为7.8个月.无III-IV级血液学以外的副反应出现.结论: 适形/调强放疗技术肿瘤局部加量配合全脑放疗疗效确切,患者有很好的耐受性,可以延长患者寿命,提高生存质量.     

白血病患者造血干细胞移植前单次全身照射的预后分析

目的 回顾性分析单次全身照射(SFTBI)后行造血干细胞移植的白血病患者的预后及相关因素.方法 2008 年9月前7年半余共102例患者行SFrBI后移植.比较不同病理类型、移植方式及不同TBI参数组间生存率、复发率及间质性肺炎(IP)发生率差异,分析生存率、复发率和IP发生率的相关因素.结果 随访15～1482 d(中位值406 d).随访率为95.1%,随访满1、3年者分别为86、55例.1、3年生存率分别为59.0%、44.0%,单因素分析3年生存率有差异因素包括移植前有无复发(20%:55%,χ2=6.33,P=0.012)、移植方式(异基因比自体基因移植,39%:68%,χ2=8.06,P=0.005)、急性移植物抗宿主病(aGVHD)级别(≥3级比0～2级,0%:54%,χ2=7.52,P=0.006)、移植后有无复发(19%:58%,χ2=10.13,P=0.001)、有无IP(23%:58%,χ2=8.35,P=0.004).Cox模型多因素分析对生存有影响因素只有≥3级aGVHD(χ2=12.74,P=0.000).1、3年复发率分别为30.0%、50.0%,移植前已有过复发比无复发的复发率明显升高(47%:16%,χ2=7.32,P=0.007),Cox模型多因素分析显示移植前已有过复发对术后复发有影响(χ2=9.39,P=0.020).IP发生率为35.0%,全身剂量均匀度>3%和≤3%的分别为27%和4%(χ2=5.21,P=0.023),急性腮腺炎有和无的分别为34%和3%(χ2=14.15,P=0.000),异基因移植和自体移植的分别为31%和8%(χ2=7.70,P=0.006).Logistic多因素分析显示移植方式、急性腮腺炎及全身剂量均匀度对IP发生有影响(χ2=10.08、10.08、7.69,P=0.002、0.002、0.010).结论 ≥3级aGVHD患者3年生存率明显下降,全身剂量均匀性对IP发生有重要意义,异基因移植者更易发生IP,急性腮腺炎与IP明显相关,可能对预测IP发生有一定价值.     

胸腔内骨外骨肉瘤肝脏多发转移一例报告并文献复习

1 病例报告 患者男,48岁.因胸闷、活动后气短、咳嗽、咳少量白黏痰3个月于2009-06-01入院.体检:一般情况可,未见浅表淋巴结肿大.实验室检查未见异常.胸部CT检查:发现左肺下叶巨大软组织影,内见大片不规则钙化灶,左侧少量胸腔积液,疑诊恶性肿瘤(图1A).支气管镜检查:左肺舌叶及下叶各段支气管外压性狭窄,黏膜光滑完整.细胞学刷检病理:未见肿瘤细胞.