Network Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials: Efficacy and Safety of UDCA-Based Therapies in Primary Biliary Cirrhosis

Major ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA)-based therapies for primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) include UDCA only, or combined with either methotrexate (MTX), corticosteroids (COT), colchicine (COC), or bezafibrate (BEF). As the optimum treatment regimen is unclear and warrants exploration, we aimed to compare these therapies in terms of patient mortality or liver transplantation (MOLT) and adverse events (AE).PubMed, the Cochrane Library, and Scopus were searched for randomized controlled trials up to August 31, 2014. We estimated the hazard ratios (HRs) for MOLT and odds ratios (ORs) for AE. A sensitivity analysis based on the dose of UDCA was also executed.Thirty-one eligible articles were included. Compared with COT plus UDCA, UDCA (HR 0.38, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.09–1.39), BEF plus UDCA (HR 0.29, 95% CI 0.02–4.83), COC plus UDCA (HR 0.39, 95% CI 0.07–2.25), MTX plus UDCA (HR 0.28, 95% CI 0.05–1.63), or OBS (HR 0.49, 95% CI 0.11–2.01) all provided an increased risk of MOLT. With respect to drug AE profile, although not differing appreciably, BEF plus UDCA was associated with more AEs compared with UDCA (OR 3.16, 95% CI 0.59–20.67), COT plus UDCA (OR 2.27, 95% CI 0.15–33.36), COC plus UDCA (OR 1.00, 95% CI 0.09–12.16), MTX plus UDCA (OR 2.03, 95% CI 0.23–17.82), or OBS (OR 3.00, 95% CI 0.53–20.75). The results of sensitivity analyses were highly consistent with previous analyses.COT plus UDCA was the optimal UDCA-based regimen for both MOLT and AEs. BEF plus UDCA was most likely to cause AEs, whereas monotherapy with UDCA and coadministriation of COT plus UDCA appeared to be associated with the fewest AEs for PBC treatment.     

Infantile spasms. A retrospective study of 105 cases.

This paper is a summary of our observations on 105 cases of infantile spasms. The age of onset was around six months after birth, but the patients came for treatment mainly about one year after onset. Fever of unknown cause, asphyxia, birth injury, infection of the central nervous system, tuberous sclerosis, phenylketonuria and recent immunization etc. were complained. Clinically, it is characterized by head nodding, mental retardation, myoclonic jerks and various neurologic deficits. EEG findings showed classical or modified arrythmia or other epileptiform patterns. About one third of 22 cases examined had abnormal brain stem auditory evoked potentials. Among 42 patients who underwent CT scanning before ACTH treatment, 18 were normal and 7 abnormal; during ACTH treatment 3 normal and 4 abnormal; after completion of treatment, 4 normal and 6 abnormal, suggesting no further atrophy of the brain. Examination of trace elements of the hair by particle-induced X-ray emission (PIXE) method in 23 patients revealed a significant difference in lead, calcium and zinc contents between patients and 101 controls, but no statistical difference in iron and copper contents between the two groups. Sodium valproate, prednisone and ACTH appear to be effective in the treatment of infantile spasms. Eight patients fully recovered, and they can go to school without difficulty. Many patients derived various degrees of improvement to the satisfaction of their parents. Two patients were still amented and often attacked by myoclonus. The effects, side effects of these drugs, and the possible pathogenesis were discussed.

     

小切口股骨近端解剖钢板治疗股骨转子间骨折

目的 探讨股骨转子间骨折的治疗方法和疗效。方法小切口微创股骨近端解剖钢板内固定治疗股骨转子间骨折17例。结果 随访时间8个月～3年，平均1.6年，优良16例，占94%（16/17）。结论 小切口微创股骨近端解剖钢板内固定治疗股骨转子间骨折具有切口小、出血少等优点，是一种微创手术。     

人卵巢癌中肿瘤转移抑制基因nm23-H1编码蛋白的表达

目的：探讨人卵巢癌标本中，肿瘤转移抑制基因ｎｍ２３－Ｈ１编码蛋白ＮＤＰＫ－Ａ表达的临床意义及其与预后的关系。方法：应用免疫组织化学抗生蛋白链菌素－过氧化酶结合（Ｓ－Ｐ）法，检测５８例人卵巢癌标本中ｎｍ２３－Ｈ１蛋白水平。结果：ｎｍ２３－Ｈ１蛋白的表达与患者手术时是否有淋巴结及大网膜转移相关（Ｐ〈０．０５），但原发灶与转移灶间的阳性表达率相差不显著；与患者术后生存时间密切相关（Ｐ〈０．０１），术后生     

脊髓手术中体感诱发电位监测的临床研究

报告３０例脊髓手术中体感诱发电位（ＳＥＰ）连续监测的临床研究结果。ＳＥＰ记录包括脊髓ＳＥＰ（ＳＳＥＰ）和皮层ＳＥＰ（ＳＣＥＰ）。麻醉药物对ＳＥＰ有一定程度影响，ＳＣＥＰ相对较大。认为，至少术中ＳＥＰ潜伏期延长不超过８％和波幅降低不超过５０％，不会引起术后并发症，超过该范围由于病例较少，尚不能肯定与预后的关系，需进一步探讨。     

磷脂酶C与生殖

磷脂酶C(PLC)是磷脂酰肌醇信号转导途径中一个关键酶。目前确认的哺乳类PLC共有PLC β、PLC γ、PLC δ、PLC ε和最近新发现的PLC ζ 5种亚型 ,12种同工酶。不同亚型的结构、调控和组织分布各有差异。PLC在调控信号转导通路中的特性使其在顶体反应、卵子激活中发挥了巨大的作用。本文综述了PLC家族 5种亚型的结构、调控机制及PLC在男性生殖领域的相关内容 ,包括PLC引起卵子发生Ca2 + 振荡、激活卵子、促进胚胎发育等 ,并进一步探讨了PLC在临床上可能的应用前景。     

单侧听力耳鼓室成形术的临床探讨

目的分析单侧听耳患者的鼓室成形术,了解手术方法和手术疗效。方法对9耳慢性化脓性中耳炎胆脂瘤型进行了乳突根治术加鼓室成形术,对37耳慢性化脓性中耳炎单纯型和中耳炎后遗症进行鼓室成形术,并比较术后效果。手术后3个月~1年之间进行术后听力评价。结果46耳单侧听力耳术前言语频率气导平均听阈为60.2±23.1dB HL,骨导听阈35.7±17.0dB HL;手术后的平均气导听阈为51.3±22.6dB HL,骨导听阈为36.3±10.6dB HL。鼓室成形术后疗效评定:37耳外耳道宽敞,人工鼓膜完整,血运好,近正常鼓膜色泽;纯音测听500~2000Hz平均气导听力改善23例(62.16%,23/37),听力不变13例(35.14%,13/37),听力恶化(下降10dB以上)1例(2.70%,1/37)。乳突根治术加鼓室成形术后疗效评定:9耳术腔干洁,人工鼓膜完整,血运好,近正常鼓膜色;纯音测听500~2000Hz平均气导听力改善5例(56.56%,5/9),听力不变4例(44.44%,4/9)。结论各型慢性化脓性中耳炎都可作为单侧听力耳的手术适应症。手术时只要注意手术技巧,认真仔细,一般不会造成手术后骨导听力的下降。术后干耳和保持原有听力是手术的最终目的。     

改良消蚀法制备脱细胞真皮基质微粒及其生物相容性评价

目的:利用改良消蚀法制备一种新型脱细胞真皮基质(Acellular dermal matrix,ADM)微粒,并对其相容性加以评价,为组织工程微粒皮肤的制备奠定研究基础。方法:应用机械法切除猪真皮乳头层,结合消蚀法和冻融法除去网状真皮中的所有细胞制备成ADM,将ADM搅碎成颗粒状,对其做细胞毒性实验和皮下埋藏实验检验其相容性。结果:该方法制备的ADM微粒韧性好,细胞去除完全,胶原三维稍松散但结构完整,无基底膜和乳头层。细胞毒性实验显示其基本无毒性,成纤维细胞在ADM微粒上增殖良好,皮下埋藏试验未见明显排异反应,ADM微粒能诱导血管和成纤维细胞长入。结论:用改良消蚀法制备的ADM微粒抗原性低、相容性好,可以作为组织工程微粒皮肤的支架和填充材料。     

针刺对急性心肌缺血大鼠血清NO、血浆ET-1、NO/ET-1比值的影响

目的探讨针刺华佗夹脊穴改善急性心肌缺血的作用机制。方法采用大剂量盐酸异丙肾上腺素(ISO.100mg/kg)皮下注射建立大鼠急性心肌缺血模型。选健康SD大鼠40只,随机分为针刺治疗组、针刺预防组、模型组和空白对照组。观察针刺左侧胸4、胸5夹脊穴及左侧足三里穴对急性心肌缺血大鼠血清一氧化氮(NO)、血浆内皮素-1(ET-1)及NO/ET-1比值及ECG的影响。结果针刺治疗能够提高急性心肌缺血大鼠血清NO的含量,降低其血浆ET-1的含量,从而提高NO/ET-1比值。结论针刺华佗夹脊穴具有改善急性心肌缺血大鼠的血管内皮功能,在一定程度上纠正内皮功能紊乱的作用。针刺预防的上述作用不明显。