薯蓣皂素生产工艺的研究进展

介绍薯蓣皂素生产工艺的现状及存在的问题,对生产工艺的研究进展进行总结,并对生产工艺的发展前景提出了观点,认为低污染或无污染的薯蓣皂素生产工艺将成为其发展方向.     

人参皂甙与己烯雌酚联用对去卵巢大鼠骨丢失作用的观察

目的　探讨人参皂甙单用或与己烯雌酚合用对去卵巢大鼠骨丢失的预防作用。方法　 4.5月龄 SD雌性大鼠 ,按体重随机分为正常对照组、去卵巢组、己烯雌酚组、人参皂甙组和人参皂甙与己烯雌酚联用组。采用双侧卵巢摘除术 ,体内双荧光标记法 ,胫骨上段硬组织包埋切片 ,全自动图像分析及松质骨形态计量学软件处理 ,观察药物对骨形态计量参数的影响。结果　去卵巢 1 0 w后骨量丢失和破骨细胞活性、骨形成率及骨转换率增加 ,子宫重量减轻 ,子宫内膜厚度变薄 ,存在显著性差异 (P<0 .0 1或 P<0 .0 5)。人参皂甙与己烯雌酚合用能使骨量增加 ,骨形成增多 ,骨吸收和骨转换率下降并有显著性差异 (P<0 .0 1或 P<0 .0 5) ,子宫重量和子宫内膜厚度均下降。结论　去卵巢大鼠骨量丢失 ,骨转换率增高 ,出现明显的骨质疏松 ;己烯雌酚 (1 0μg· kg- 1· d- 1 )能抑制骨吸收 ,也抑制骨形成。与 1 0 0 mg/ kg人参皂甙合用 ,能增加骨量 ,增加骨形成 ,并减轻己烯雌酚导致的子宫重量增加和内膜增厚的危险性 ,能完全预防去卵巢大鼠的骨丢失     

阿司匹林铜抗血栓作用及对激活的血小板与中性粒细胞粘附影响的实验研究

目的：研究阿司匹林铜（ＣｕＡｓｐ）抗血栓作用及对花生四烯酸或凝血酶激活的血小板与中性粒细胞粘附的抑制作用,从而探讨其抗血栓机制。方法：采用静注花生四烯酸致小鼠肺微血管栓塞死亡和玫瑰花结形成试验。结果：ＣｕＡｓｐ可明显降低静注花生四烯酸造成的小鼠肺微血管广泛性血小板血栓形成而导致呼吸衰竭的死亡率,不同浓度的ＣｕＡｓｐ均可抑制花生四烯酸或凝血酶激活的血小板与中性粒细胞的粘附作用,ＩＣ５０分别为４１．５     

应用快速检测器检测液体样品中菌落总数和大肠菌群的实验研究

本文报告应用国家标准方法对DY-1型菌落总数快速检测器及DY-2型大肠菌群快速检测器的敏感性和可靠性进行扩大验证的实验研究。结果为：检测器法与国家标准方法基本一致，经统计学处理无显著性差异。由此认为，两型检测器能够用于自来水、分散用水、饮料和牛奶等液体样品中菌落总数及大肠菌群的检测，具有体积小、操作简便、报告较快、不需特殊设备和成本较低等优点，尤其适合城乡基层单位使用。     

Cyclosporine monitoring in renal transplant recipients with induction therapy: C2 levels in patients monitored on C0

The aim of this retrospective study was to compare the cyclosporine C(2) blood levels in renal transplant recipients with induction therapy, monitored on C(0) levels during the early and long-term post-transplantation periods in different French transplantation centres, to the target values recommended by the International Consensus on Neoral and used in the Mo2art study. A retrospective study was conducted by the therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) committee of the French Pharmacological Society. Cyclosporine C(0) and C(2) concentrations from 168 renal transplant recipients were collected at different post-transplantation periods by six TDM laboratories of transplantation centres from April 2001 to April 2002. Cyclosporine blood levels were determined by fluorescence polarization immunoassay (mFPIA, AxSYM, Abbott) or enzyme immunoassay (EMIT, Dade Behring). Most patients had C(0) values in the recommended target ranges, with C(2) levels below the targets used in the Mo2art study or proposed by the International Consensus Conference, both during the early and long-term post-transplantation periods. Sixty-eight per cent of patients had C(2) below 1,500 microg/L +/- 20% in the first 2 months post-transplantation and 55% had C(2) below 800 microg/L +/- 20% in the late post-transplantation period (>1 year). Cyclosporine dose should be increased by 40% on average during the first week post-transplantation period and by 50% during the maintenance period to achieve the C(2) targets. In France, most renal transplant recipients receiving induction agents monitored on C(0) had C(2) levels below the targets recommended by the International Consensus Conference. In clinical practice, the optimal therapeutic windows for CsA monitoring based on C(2) needs to be more precisely defined, both during the early and long-term post-transplantation periods in renal transplant recipients receiving induction agents.     

Tackling the need to teach integrative pharmacology and physiology: problems and ways forward

Despite continued efforts to reduce the numbers of animals used in biomedical research, there are still some research areas in which alternatives cannot be used and animal experimentation is essential. Studies using animals must be carried out by highly trained personnel to ensure experimental success and to minimise pain and distress for the animals. However, recent surveys in the UK have revealed a shortage of skills in techniques involving the use of animals. A survey conducted in 2004 jointly by the British Pharmacological Society and the Physiological Society suggests that only approximately 2% of biomedical graduates in the UK receive training in in vivo experimentation, and that this type of training is likely to be reduced in the future. Evidence from other countries suggests that the problem is widespread. In this article, we discuss the results of the survey by the BPS and the Physiological Society and propose a series of recommendations to address the problem.     

白细胞介素-1受体拮抗剂拮抗豚鼠哮喘的相关机制

目的：研究白细胞介素-1受体拮抗剂（IL-1ra)拮抗豚鼠哮喘的机制。方法：建立致敏豚鼠模型。吸入不同浓度的的IL-1ra。引喘豚鼠，检测引喘后8d血清，肺组织中，内皮素-1（ET），一氧化氮（NO），以及血液，肺泡灌洗液（BALF）中嗜酸性粒细胞（EOS）的变化情况。结果：IL-1ra可以明显升高血清和肺组织中的NO浓度，降低血清和肺组织中的ET含量，减少血液和肺泡灌洗液中的EOS的数量；高剂量组缓解作用较强。结论：IL-1ra可增加机体内的NO浓度，降低ET的含量，减少EOS浸润，IL-1ra对豚鼠哮喘具有拮抗作用。