浅谈乳腺叶状囊肉瘤与乳腺纤维腺瘤超声影像的相关性及临床意义

乳腺纤维腺瘤发病率在乳腺良性肿瘤中居首位,而乳腺叶状囊肉瘤在临床恶性病变中也并不罕见,有的学者报道与乳腺癌之比可达1∶20.国内有些学者认为,叶状囊肉瘤虽然可以由纤维腺瘤经肉瘤变而成,但是也可能开始时就是肉瘤.本文通过对32例经手术病理证实的病例进行回顾分析,以探讨二者超声影像的相关性及临床意义.     

鲜切莲藕气调包装及其质量评价

采用9组不同初始气份对鲜切莲藕进行气调包装,放置在5℃、相对湿度为85%环境中贮藏,分别在第2、5、10、15、20 d测定其感官指标、色差、失重率、硬度、VC和酸含量指标,并与未包装产品进行比较;采用主成分分析法对贮藏20 d后的鲜切莲藕质量变化率进行综合评价.结果表明:总体上气调包装对鲜切莲藕有保鲜作用,其中气调组分2%氧气 6%二氧化碳对鲜切莲藕保鲜效果最好.     

苯丙氨酸缓解高血压大鼠血管重塑

目的：应用激光共聚焦显微镜观察高血压时血管重塑，以及苯丙氨酸治疗后对血管重塑的影响。方法： 以Wistar-Kyoto 大鼠 (WKY)和自发性高血压大鼠(SHR)为研究对象，采用固定压力灌注和荧光染色激光共聚焦显微镜观察分析肠系膜小动脉的管腔、厚度和血管平滑肌的排列方向。结果： SHR较WKY 管腔缩小，管壁增厚，同时血管平滑肌排列方向紊乱。应用苯丙氨酸治疗后，管腔扩大，管壁变薄，血管平滑肌排列方向改善。结论： 高血压大鼠肠系膜小动脉存在血管重塑现象，苯丙氨酸可以改善血管重塑。     

超短波治疗慢性肺源性心脏病患者的初步探讨

目的:探讨超短波对慢性肺心病CCP患者的临床应用价值。方法:急性发作期CCP患者87例分为超短波治疗组45例和对照组42例,治疗组在常规治疗的基础上给予超短波治疗,对照组行常规治疗。治疗前后分别测定两组患者血浆中血管内皮生长因子VEGF、内皮素(ET-1)含量,动脉血氧分压(PaO2)和平均肺动脉压(mPAP)水平。结果:与对照组比较治疗组治疗后PaO2显著升高(P<0.01),VEGF、ET-1、mPAP明显降低(P<0.01)。VEGF、ET-1与PaO2呈负相关(P<0.01)、与mPAP呈正相关(P<0.01)。结论:超短波可以通过降低肺动脉高压对CCP患者起治疗作用。     

R497K polymorphism in epidermal growth factor receptor gene is associated with the risk of acute coronary syndrome

Background  

Previous studies suggested that genetic polymorphisms in the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene had been implicated in the susceptibility to some tumors and inflammatory diseases. EGFR has been recently implicated in vascular pathophysiological processes associated with excessive remodeling and atherosclerosis. Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is a clinical manifestation of preceding atherosclerosis. Our purpose was to investigate the association of the EGFR polymorphism with the risk of ACS. In this context, we analyzed the HER-1 R497K and EGFR intron 1 (CA)_n repeat polymorphisms in 191 patients with ACS and 210 age- and sex-matched controls in a Chinese population, using a polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) strategy and direct sequencing.     

Increased circulating CD11b+CD11c+ dendritic cells (DC) in aged BWF1 mice which can be matured by TNF-alpha into BLC/CXCL13-producing DC

Dendritic cells (DC) play a pivotal role in regulating immune responses. We previously reported aberrant high production of B lymphocyte chemoattractant (BLC/CXCL13) by DC in aged BWF1 mice, amurine model for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). We describe here that CD11b+CD11c+ cells were markedly increased in the peripheral blood (PBL-DC) in aged BWF1, but not in similarly aged NZB or NZW mice. Part of PBL-DC showed a typical dendritic morphology and expressed MHC class II molecules, and had a weak, but significant antigen-presenting ability in mixed lymphocytereaction. PBL-DC were chemoattracted to several chemokines in vitro including secondary lymphoid tissue chemokine (SLC), liver and activation-regulated chemokine (LARC), RANTES, macrophage inflammatory protein-1alpha, whereas splenic mature DC from aged BWF1 mice were preferentially chemoattracted towards SLC. BLC production was induced when PBL-DC were cultured in the presence of TNF-alpha for 3 days. BLC expression was also induced in bone marrow-derived DC when they were differentiated into mature DC in the presence of TNF-alpha and IL-1beta, while both IFN-alpha and IFN-gamma failed to induce BLC expression in bone marrow-derived DC. Since TNF-alpha expression is increased in aged BWF1 mice, DC recruitment in the circulation and maturation into BLC-producing DC by TNF-alpha may play a pivotal role in the development of systemic autoimmune diseases.     

脑缺血后TLR4作用与小胶质细胞的激活

脑缺血性损伤早期小胶质细胞即被激活。激活的小胶质细胞既有细胞毒性又有神经营养作用。小胶质细胞行使免疫功能的信号转导受体之一是TLR4（toll-like receptor 4）。TLR4在脑内主要表达在小胶质细胞，是一种模式识别受体（pattern recognition receptor，PRR）, 识别一些外源性和内源性的配体。最近的研究表明，TLR4信号通路在脑缺血再灌注损伤中起重要作用。TLR4通过激活小胶质细胞，大量表达炎症因子，加重脑缺血性损伤。     

高血压病以昼夜血压模式指导治疗初探

目的：探讨高血压以昼夜血压模式指导药物治疗的疗效。方法：124例高血压患者被随机分为两组：观察组80例,采用以昼夜血压模式为依据,指导选用药物进行治疗,着重加强异常升高血压部份的降压治疗,同时加强血压监测;对照组仍按照常规方法治疗,6周为1疗程,治疗前和治疗后都检测血压和24小时动态血压。结果：观察组降压的总有效率和昼夜血压模式转为正常杓形态明显高于对照组,结论：高血压病患者以昼夜血压模式为依据指导用药降压治疗有较好的医疗效果。     

不同b值条件下心脏体素内不相干运动成像相关参数的一致性

目的观察不同b值条件下心脏体素内不相干运动(IVIM)成像相关参数的一致性。方法对30名健康志愿者行左心室中间部IVIM扫描,以双指数模型获取IVIM参数值慢速表观弥散系数(ADCslow)、快速ADC(ADCfast)及灌注分数f。比较9个b值(0、20、50、80、100、120、200、300、500 s/mm^2)与7个b值(0、20、80、100、200、300、500 s/mm^2)条件下所测参数值的差异,采用组内相关系数(ICC)分析2名医师测量参数结果的一致性,以Bland-Altman检验分析不同b值条件下所测参数的一致性。结果9个与7个b值条件下ADCslow、ADCfast及f差异均无统计学意义(P均>0.05),且2名医师测量IVIM参数的组内及组间一致性均较好(ICC均≥0.66,P均<0.05)。Bland-Altman图显示,9个与7个b值时ADCslow的平均偏差为-0.07×10-3 mm^2/s,一致性界限(-1.87,1.73);ADCfast的平均偏差1.57×10-3 mm^2/s,一致性界限(-72.64,75.77);f的平均偏差1.17%,一致性界限(-13.45,15.79)。结论9个与7个b值条件下心脏IVIM成像各参数值的一致性较好。     

表皮生长因子受体在胃癌和食管癌中的表达及意义

目的 :研究表皮生长因子受体 (EGFR)在消化道肿瘤 ,尤其是胃癌中的表达及其临床意义。方法 :应用免疫组织化学技术 ,对胃癌、食管癌、大肠癌和良性对照组织标本中EGFR的含量进行定性检测 ,观察其与临床病理参数的关系。结果 :(1)在良性对照组中 ,EGFR的表达率为 2 3 0 8% ,明显低于各肿瘤组 (P <0 0 1)。(2 )在胃癌组、食管癌组和大肠癌组中 ,EGFR的表达率分别为 49 0 9%、6 5 0 0 %和 5 6 2 5 % ,相互之间经统计学处理 ,P >0 0 5。 (3)EGFR的表达与患者的性别、年龄、病变部位和大体分型无关 ,同时也与胃癌的组织学类型及其分化程度无关 (P >0 0 5 )。 (4)EGFR的表达与患者的临床分期、浸润深度及淋巴结转移情况相关 (P <0 0 5 )。结论 :EGFR的检测可作为判断肿瘤的恶性程度、预测淋巴结转移的趋势 ,可作为指导制定合理的治疗方案和预后评估的有益指标。