The Long-Term Effective Rate of Different Branches of Idiopathic Trigeminal Neuralgia After Single Radiofrequency Thermocoagulation: A Cohort Study

To evaluate the efficacy of computed tomography (CT) guided single radiofrequency thermocoagualtion (RFT) in 1137 patients with idiopathic trigeminal neuralgia after a follow-up period of 11 years, specially focused on duration of pain relief in different branches of trigeminal nerve, side effect, and complications.Retrospective study of patients with idiopathic trigeminal neuralgia treated with a single CT guided RFT procedure between January 2002 and December 2013.The mean follow-up time was 46.14 ± 30.91 months. Immediate postprocedure pain relief was 98.4%. V2 division obtained the best pain relief rate: 91%, 89%, 80%, 72%, 60%, and 54% at 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, and 11 years, respectively. No statistical difference pairwise comparison was in other groups. The complications included masseter muscle weakness, corneitis, diplopia, ptosis, hearing loss, limited mouth opening, and low pressure headache. Masticatory weakness mostly occurred in patients with V3 branch involvement, while Corneitis and Diplopia all in patients with V1 branch involvement. No mortalities observed during or after RFT.All different branches division of trigeminal neuralgia achieved comparable satisfactory curative effect; V2 obtained the best excellent pain relief, after RFT procedure. Facial numbness is inevitable after RFT, which patients who have pain in all 3 trigeminal divisions and patients who desire no facial numbness should be cautious. Masticatory weakness is mainly related with V3 injured, while Corneitis and Diplopia in patients with V1 injured by RFT.     

Sequential Therapy Based on Evolvement of Patterns: A New Model for Treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease

In order to solve the problem of long-term (>9 months) efficacy in the treatment of Alzheimer''s disease (AD) by conventional therapy (CT), a staged and multiply-targeted sequential therapy based on the evolvement of patterns (STEP) was developed. Its main innovations include: (1) the time order of evolution of patterns defined by Chinese medicine (CM) in AD was found, that is, "the orderly pattern evolution starting from Shen (Kidney) deficiency, progressing to phlegm, stasis and fire, and worsening to severe toxin as well as functional collapse"; (2) the cascade hypothesis of Shen deficiency in AD and its sequential therapy based on Shen-reinforcing was proposed, that is, "reinforcing Shen in the early stage and throughout the whole process, resolving phlegm, activating blood and purging fire in the middle stage, detoxifying and replenishing vitality to stop the collapse in the advanced stage", and through meta-analysis, clinical drug use was optimized, thus the leap from "inferential selection" to "evidence-based selection" was realized; (3) the STEP regimen combined with CT maintained cognitive and behavioral stability in AD patients for at least 12 months, with cognitive enhancement and behavioral synergy after 9 months, and cognitive benefit was superior to CT at 9, 12, 15, 18, 21, and 24 months, respectively. The 2-year cognitive improvement rate was increased by 25.64% (P=0.020) and the cognitive deterioration rate was decreased by 48.71% (P=0.000). Among them, the cognitive and functional benefits of Shen-reinforcing therapy for very early AD (350 cases) for 1 year were better than the placebo (P<0.001), and the dementia conversion rate was reduced by 8.85% (P=0.002). The behavioral symptomatic relief of patients with vascular dementia received fire-purging therapy (540 cases) was superior to those received CT (P=0.016). These data suggested that the STEP regimen has synergistic effects on CTs at least in terms of cognitive benefit, and the earlier the use, the greater the benefit will have. Therefore, the STEP regimen should be considered as one of the clinical options, particularly for the dearth of effective pharmaceutical or immunological interventions that are currently available for AD.     

Intermittent Internal Fixation With a Locking Plate to Preserve Epiphyseal Growth Function During Limb-Salvage Surgery in a Child With Osteosarcoma of the Distal Femur: A Case Report

Limb shortening is a problem associated with surgery for osteosarcoma of the lower extremity in adolescents, as the tumors frequently occur near the epiphysis. Herein we report the use of a less invasive stabilization system (LISS) and an intermittent fixation method to preserve the growth function of epiphysis in an 11-year-old patient with an osteosarcoma of the distal femur.The 11-year-old male presented with left knee enlargement and pain for 2 weeks, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and biopsy were consistent with osteosarcoma of the left distal femur. After preoperative chemotherapy, en bloc tumor resection was performed with margins based on MRI findings preserving the epiphyseal growth plate, the tumor cavity was filled with inactivated bone and bone cement, and a LISS was used to stabilize the femur. Aggressive postoperative chemotherapy was given. Approximately 105 weeks after surgery radiography showed that the distal end of the plate had moved superior to the epiphysis along with bone growth. Locking screws were placed in the distal part of the LISS plate to stabilize the re-implanted bone, and external fixation was not needed.The patient was able to walk with the crutches 1 week postoperatively, and bear weight on the extremity 6 weeks postoperatively. At 6 years after surgery, the patient''s height had increased 52 cm, shortening of the affected limb was only 1 cm, and the circumference of the affected limb was 2 cm smaller than that of the contralateral limb. There was no significant discomfort in the affected limb, and there was no gait abnormality. The patient could jump and run, and could participate in sports including basketball and badminton to the same degree as his peers.In summary, the novel method of bone reconstruction and fixation provided good results in a child with an osteosarcoma of the distal femur. This fixation method preserves the osteogenic function of the epiphysis and restored bone integrity simultaneously, and provides good functional recovery.     

3枚AO空心钉经皮治疗股骨颈骨折

目的探讨在C型x线机监视下应用3枚AO空心钉经皮固定治疗股骨颈骨折疗效。方法临床应用3枚AO空心钉经皮内固定治疗新鲜股骨颈骨折120例。结果本组病例均获随访，时间18（3～24）月，114例骨折愈合，4例股骨头坏死，2例骨折不愈合，骨折愈合率95％。结论应用3枚AO空心钉经皮固定治疗股骨颈骨折具有创伤小、方法简便、固定牢靠、可早期功能锻炼、并发症少等优点。     

钕钇铝石榴石激光治疗后囊混浊（353例）

采用钕钆铝石榴石激光切除白内障囊外摘除术后１０１例后房人工晶体植入后２５２例的后囊混浊共３５３例，激光治疗疗后视力均明显提高，矫正视力＞１．０者占８２．４％，无１例＜０．５。无明显并发症。     

眼球挫伤与锌

从１９９１年１１月到１９９２年８月对５０例眼挫伤的血清锌进行测定，３６例异常占７２％，其中有眼底改变占７５％。视神经视网膜挫伤锌值增高。低锌影响杆细胞及锥细胞代谢致视力低下，低锌影响视色素合成及色素上皮代谢，造成伤后视网膜色紊乱。     

游离腓骨皮瓣结合交锁髓内钉治疗前臂复合组织缺损

目的 探讨应用游离腓骨皮瓣结合交锁髓内钉治疗前臂复合组织缺损的可行性与疗效.方法 对5例前臂骨(尺骨和/或桡骨)和软组织缺损的患者,应用同侧/对侧游离腓骨皮瓣移植,同时应用Smith-Nephew交锁髓内钉对游离腓骨进行固定.供区植皮.结果 5例皮瓣全部存活.根据Anderson评分标准评定:优1例,良3例,可1例.骨折愈合时间为12～17周,平均14.6周,术后无骨不连与感染发生.结论 游离腓骨皮瓣结合交锁髓内钉是治疗前臂复合组织缺损的可行方法.     

A tumor-targeted and conditionally replicating oncolytic adenovirus vector expressing TRAIL for treatment of liver metastases.

We have constructed a new capsid-modified adenovirus (Ad) vector that specifically replicates in tumor cells and expresses TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL). The Ad capsid contains short-shafted fibers derived from Ad serotype 35, which allow for efficient infection of malignant tumor cells, and largely avoids innate toxicity after intravenous application. Replication-dependent homologous recombination in Ad genomes was used to achieve tumor-specific expression of Ad E1a (to mediate viral replication) and TRAIL (to mediate apoptosis and enhance release of progeny virus from infected cells). We demonstrated that our oncolytic vector (Ad5/35.IR-E1A/TRAIL) induced apoptosis in human tumor cell lines derived from colorectal, lung, prostate, and liver cancer. Both in vitro and in vivo tumor models showed efficient intratumoral spread of this vector. In a model for metastatic colon cancer, tail vein infusion of Ad5/35.IR-E1A/TRAIL resulted in elimination of preestablished liver metastases. Intravenous injection of this vector caused a transient elevation of serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase in tumor-bearing mice, which we attributed to factors released from apoptotic tumor cells. Liver histology analyzed at day 14 after virus injection did not show signs of hepatocellular damage. This new oncolytic vector represents a potentially efficient means for gene therapy of metastatic cancer.     

(足母)甲瓣切取术后供区创面覆盖的方法选择

目的探讨[足母]甲瓣切取术后供区修复的方法，减少供区并发症的发生。方法对[足母]甲瓣切取术后25例[足母]趾创面，采用三种不同的方法处理，其中采用游离皮瓣移植修复9例，采用足背或足底局部带蒂皮瓣修复12例，采用第二足趾皮甲瓣修复4例。结果移植皮瓣全部成活，术后平均随访10个月，其中2例游离皮瓣在术后6个月进行二期削薄，外观和功能满意。第二趾皮甲瓣修复后的功能在3种方法中效果最好。结论根据[足母]甲瓣供区的缺损情况，采用不同的手术方法进行即时修复，能最大限度减少供区并发症的发生。