孔圣枕中丹临床与实验研究现状

孔圣枕中丹为孙思邈的名方之一,载于《备急千金要方》,由远志、菖蒲、败龟板、龙骨四味药组成。此方广泛用于治疗失眠、神经衰弱、情感障碍、儿童多动综合征等多种神经精神疾病。本文就近15年来孔圣枕中丹的研究进展进行综述,为该方的现代研究提供实践经验与思路。     

离心泵辅助股静脉引流应用于微创心脏瓣膜手术的体外循环管理经验

目的总结离心泵辅助股静脉引流应用于微创心脏瓣膜手术的体外循环(ECC)管理经验。方法我院自2009年7月至2009年12月共开展经右肋间小切口心脏瓣膜手术共64例(男23例,女41例),其中二尖瓣置换(MVR)24例,二尖瓣成形(MVP)23例,主动脉瓣置换(AVR)16例,双瓣置换(DVR)1例。全组患者使用双腔气管插管全麻,常规全身肝素化后,使用Edwards 18~20 Fr的股动脉和24~28 Fr的股静脉插管建立ECC,股静脉由下腔静脉经右房达上腔静脉口,侧孔位于右房,将离心泵串连于静脉回路。根据引流情况调节离心泵负压动力增加静脉引流,满足灌注流量及手术视野的要求。记录不用离心泵辅助时的最大静脉引流量(D1),以及在离心泵辅助下能达到的最大静脉引流量(D2)。结果①全组患者ECC时间51~181(84.8±23.9)min,主动脉阻断时间20~118(47.7±17.5)min,术中转流平稳,血流动力学稳定,监测SvO2、血气及尿量等指标均在正常范围,手术视野暴露良好,无延长切口或转正中切口病例,无手术死亡病例;②全组患者D11.2~2.5(1.74±0.32)L/min,D21.9~3.6(2.69±0.43)L/min,离心泵转速335~1330(881±215)r/min,D2比D1平均增加57.7%,两者比较有显著性差异;③比较24Fr与28Fr的股静脉插管引流量无显著性差异。结论离心泵辅助股静脉引流能增加股静脉的引流量,满足全身所需的灌注流量及手术视野要求。     

玉液汤对2型糖尿病肾病大鼠肾脏的保护作用

目的:观察玉液汤对2型糖尿病肾病(DN)大鼠肾脏的保护作用。方法:雄性大鼠除空白组外,其余大鼠给予高脂高糖饲料50天后,腹腔注射STZ 30mg/kg建立DN大鼠模型,造模成功后,随机分为模型组、盐酸二甲双胍组(0.15g/kg)、玉液汤组(5.75g/kg、11.5g/kg),给药1个月,每周测体重一次,第31d称量大鼠体重,检测大鼠空腹血糖、肌酐(CRE)和尿素氮(BUN)水平,取右肾做病理切片进行HE染色,观察大鼠肾组织病理学变化。结果:给药后第21d、28d、31d,玉液汤组(5.75g/kg、11.5g/kg)可显著性增加大鼠的体重、显著性降低大鼠空腹血糖和血清CRE水平;玉液汤组(11.5g/kg)显著性降低血清BUN水平;HE染色玉液汤组与模型组比较,肾脏组织形态有显著性差异。结论:玉液汤可增加2型糖尿病肾病模型大鼠的体重,降低空腹血糖、血清CRE和BUN水平,改善模型大鼠肾脏病理损伤,对DN大鼠模型的肾脏有保护作用。     

A型主动脉夹层术后脑部并发症危险因素分析

Ohjective Retrospectively analyze the risk factors of neurological complications of 160 patients with type A aortic dissection who underwent surgical repalr using cerebral peffusion under deep hypothemia circulatory arrest and to sum the experience of cerebral protection. Methods From January 2004 to January 2006,160 patients with type A dissection underwent surgical repair with cerebral perfusion and DHCA. There were 106 male petients ond 54 female with age from 17 to 76 years old [mean, (56±13) years old]. Antegrade selective cerebral perfusion (SCP) through axillary artery was performad for 131 patients and retrograde cerebra l perfusion (RCP) from superior caval vein for 29 patients. Emergency surgery was perfomed in 83(51.8%) patients who were suf- fered from acute type A dissection, and the others were chronic elective surgery. All the factors underwent univariaare and multivariate analysis. Results Mean cardionpulmonary bypass (CPB) duration was (188± 57) minutes and mean cerebral perfusion time was (36±16) minuties. Sixteen patieats died in hospital and the in-hospital mortality was 10.0%. Deaths were due to multiple argan fail- ure in 9 patients, respiratory failure in 2, low cardiac output syndrome in 2, bloeding in 2, aeptic shock in 1. Postoperative respirato- ry dysfunction were observed in 22 (13.7%) parley. Postoperative renal failure happened in 20(12.5%) patients. Postoperative low cardiac output appeared in 8(5.0%) patients. Penmanent neurological deficits occurred in 8(5.0%) petients. The preopertive renal dysfunction (OR= 11.71, P=0.005), coronary artery disease (OR= 7.35, P =0.035), eet～ml vasenlar disease (OR= 13.39, P=0.021) and postoperative low cardinc ontput (OR=22.21, P=0.008) were found robe the relative risk factor. Tran- sient neurological deficts(TND) were noted in 32 patients. Over seventy years old (OR=1.17, P=0.042) was the independent risk predictors. Surgery procedures, CPB time, cross-clamp time, cerebral perfusion time, methods for cerebral perfusion, filtration used or not, the esophageal temperature and the bladder temperature and the hematocrit (HCT) during CA did not significantly influence the cerebral outcomes.Conclusion In our experience, cerebral perfusion duration within the limits of safe time and the methods of cerebral perfusion did not influence the neurological outcomes which depended on the severity of the underlying disease and on the function of end-organs. Protection of all the end-organs would be helpful to the cerebral protection.     

成人降主动脉置换术中三种体外循环灌注技术的应用

目的总结分析成人降主动脉置换术中各种体外循环灌注的技术特点和管理方法。方法 2006年1月至2009年12月,共有60例患者行降主动脉置换手术。按体外循环灌注技术类型分为3组:左心转流组4例,股动静脉转流组37例,上下半身分别灌注组19例。三组预充均采用勃脉力A和胶体,常规加入白蛋白和激素,监测混合静脉氧饱和度和血细胞压积,积极应用超滤技术和自体血液回收技术。结果术中转流平稳,血流动力学稳定,监测指标均在正常范围,仅出现9例并发症(截瘫、偏瘫、谵妄、苏醒延迟、低氧血症)。结论成人降主动脉置换术中根据不同的手术方式,正确选择和熟练应用相应的灌注技术是决定手术成功的重要因素。     

A型主动脉夹层术后脑部并发症危险因素分析

Ohjective Retrospectively analyze the risk factors of neurological complications of 160 patients with type A aortic dissection who underwent surgical repalr using cerebral peffusion under deep hypothemia circulatory arrest and to sum the experience of cerebral protection. Methods From January 2004 to January 2006,160 patients with type A dissection underwent surgical repair with cerebral perfusion and DHCA. There were 106 male petients ond 54 female with age from 17 to 76 years old [mean, (56±13) years old]. Antegrade selective cerebral perfusion (SCP) through axillary artery was performad for 131 patients and retrograde cerebra l perfusion (RCP) from superior caval vein for 29 patients. Emergency surgery was perfomed in 83(51.8%) patients who were suf- fered from acute type A dissection, and the others were chronic elective surgery. All the factors underwent univariaare and multivariate analysis. Results Mean cardionpulmonary bypass (CPB) duration was (188± 57) minutes and mean cerebral perfusion time was (36±16) minuties. Sixteen patieats died in hospital and the in-hospital mortality was 10.0%. Deaths were due to multiple argan fail- ure in 9 patients, respiratory failure in 2, low cardiac output syndrome in 2, bloeding in 2, aeptic shock in 1. Postoperative respirato- ry dysfunction were observed in 22 (13.7%) parley. Postoperative renal failure happened in 20(12.5%) patients. Postoperative low cardiac output appeared in 8(5.0%) patients. Penmanent neurological deficits occurred in 8(5.0%) petients. The preopertive renal dysfunction (OR= 11.71, P=0.005), coronary artery disease (OR= 7.35, P =0.035), eet～ml vasenlar disease (OR= 13.39, P=0.021) and postoperative low cardinc ontput (OR=22.21, P=0.008) were found robe the relative risk factor. Tran- sient neurological deficts(TND) were noted in 32 patients. Over seventy years old (OR=1.17, P=0.042) was the independent risk predictors. Surgery procedures, CPB time, cross-clamp time, cerebral perfusion time, methods for cerebral perfusion, filtration used or not, the esophageal temperature and the bladder temperature and the hematocrit (HCT) during CA did not significantly influence the cerebral outcomes.Conclusion In our experience, cerebral perfusion duration within the limits of safe time and the methods of cerebral perfusion did not influence the neurological outcomes which depended on the severity of the underlying disease and on the function of end-organs. Protection of all the end-organs would be helpful to the cerebral protection.     

A型主动脉夹层术后脑部并发症危险因素分析

Ohjective Retrospectively analyze the risk factors of neurological complications of 160 patients with type A aortic dissection who underwent surgical repalr using cerebral peffusion under deep hypothemia circulatory arrest and to sum the experience of cerebral protection. Methods From January 2004 to January 2006,160 patients with type A dissection underwent surgical repair with cerebral perfusion and DHCA. There were 106 male petients ond 54 female with age from 17 to 76 years old [mean, (56±13) years old]. Antegrade selective cerebral perfusion (SCP) through axillary artery was performad for 131 patients and retrograde cerebra l perfusion (RCP) from superior caval vein for 29 patients. Emergency surgery was perfomed in 83(51.8%) patients who were suf- fered from acute type A dissection, and the others were chronic elective surgery. All the factors underwent univariaare and multivariate analysis. Results Mean cardionpulmonary bypass (CPB) duration was (188± 57) minutes and mean cerebral perfusion time was (36±16) minuties. Sixteen patieats died in hospital and the in-hospital mortality was 10.0%. Deaths were due to multiple argan fail- ure in 9 patients, respiratory failure in 2, low cardiac output syndrome in 2, bloeding in 2, aeptic shock in 1. Postoperative respirato- ry dysfunction were observed in 22 (13.7%) parley. Postoperative renal failure happened in 20(12.5%) patients. Postoperative low cardiac output appeared in 8(5.0%) patients. Penmanent neurological deficits occurred in 8(5.0%) petients. The preopertive renal dysfunction (OR= 11.71, P=0.005), coronary artery disease (OR= 7.35, P =0.035), eet～ml vasenlar disease (OR= 13.39, P=0.021) and postoperative low cardinc ontput (OR=22.21, P=0.008) were found robe the relative risk factor. Tran- sient neurological deficts(TND) were noted in 32 patients. Over seventy years old (OR=1.17, P=0.042) was the independent risk predictors. Surgery procedures, CPB time, cross-clamp time, cerebral perfusion time, methods for cerebral perfusion, filtration used or not, the esophageal temperature and the bladder temperature and the hematocrit (HCT) during CA did not significantly influence the cerebral outcomes.Conclusion In our experience, cerebral perfusion duration within the limits of safe time and the methods of cerebral perfusion did not influence the neurological outcomes which depended on the severity of the underlying disease and on the function of end-organs. Protection of all the end-organs would be helpful to the cerebral protection.     

A型主动脉夹层术后脑部并发症危险因素分析

Ohjective Retrospectively analyze the risk factors of neurological complications of 160 patients with type A aortic dissection who underwent surgical repalr using cerebral peffusion under deep hypothemia circulatory arrest and to sum the experience of cerebral protection. Methods From January 2004 to January 2006,160 patients with type A dissection underwent surgical repair with cerebral perfusion and DHCA. There were 106 male petients ond 54 female with age from 17 to 76 years old [mean, (56±13) years old]. Antegrade selective cerebral perfusion (SCP) through axillary artery was performad for 131 patients and retrograde cerebra l perfusion (RCP) from superior caval vein for 29 patients. Emergency surgery was perfomed in 83(51.8%) patients who were suf- fered from acute type A dissection, and the others were chronic elective surgery. All the factors underwent univariaare and multivariate analysis. Results Mean cardionpulmonary bypass (CPB) duration was (188± 57) minutes and mean cerebral perfusion time was (36±16) minuties. Sixteen patieats died in hospital and the in-hospital mortality was 10.0%. Deaths were due to multiple argan fail- ure in 9 patients, respiratory failure in 2, low cardiac output syndrome in 2, bloeding in 2, aeptic shock in 1. Postoperative respirato- ry dysfunction were observed in 22 (13.7%) parley. Postoperative renal failure happened in 20(12.5%) patients. Postoperative low cardiac output appeared in 8(5.0%) patients. Penmanent neurological deficits occurred in 8(5.0%) petients. The preopertive renal dysfunction (OR= 11.71, P=0.005), coronary artery disease (OR= 7.35, P =0.035), eet～ml vasenlar disease (OR= 13.39, P=0.021) and postoperative low cardinc ontput (OR=22.21, P=0.008) were found robe the relative risk factor. Tran- sient neurological deficts(TND) were noted in 32 patients. Over seventy years old (OR=1.17, P=0.042) was the independent risk predictors. Surgery procedures, CPB time, cross-clamp time, cerebral perfusion time, methods for cerebral perfusion, filtration used or not, the esophageal temperature and the bladder temperature and the hematocrit (HCT) during CA did not significantly influence the cerebral outcomes.Conclusion In our experience, cerebral perfusion duration within the limits of safe time and the methods of cerebral perfusion did not influence the neurological outcomes which depended on the severity of the underlying disease and on the function of end-organs. Protection of all the end-organs would be helpful to the cerebral protection.     

体外循环中急性肺水肿分析

目的:强调重视和加强体外循环中对肺功能的保护.方法:分析16例在体外循环中发生肺水肿患者术前的肺动脉高压、血红蛋白、肾功能和心功能情况.经PEEP+利尿药+激素和超滤器为主,辅以强心、扩血管药的协同治疗.结果:所有患者经治疗后气道阻力下降,均减小至术前水平.无酸中毒,尿量＞100ml/min.平均2.5天拔管停呼吸机,11例患者术后第-天均顺利脱离呼吸机.15例患者出院,1例死于MOF.结论:中度肺动脉高压、贫血和心肾功能功能不全可能是体外循环中急性肺水肿的诱发因素.体外循环时应采取措施预防和减轻肺功能损伤.     

同期施行冠状动脉搭桥和心脏瓣膜手术的体外循环

目的 总结和分析同期施行冠状动脉搭桥和心脏瓣膜手术的体外循环方法.方法 125例患者分为3组:M组(冠脉病变及二尖瓣病变)75例,A组(冠脉病变及主动脉瓣病变)34例,D组(冠脉病变及二尖瓣和主动脉瓣病变)16例.心肌保护采用4:1冷含血停搏液,应用单纯顺灌、顺灌逆灌结合、顺灌桥灌结合、顺逆灌和桥灌结合技术.结果 术中转流平稳,血流动力学稳定,监测指标均在正常范围,无手术死亡.结论 同期施行冠状动脉搭桥和心脏瓣膜手术,术中良好的心肌保护方法和合理的体外循环灌注是保证手术顺利成功的重要因素.