红细胞生成素对慢性肾衰竭大鼠残肾组织归巢因子表达的影响

目的 观察红细胞生成素(EPO)对慢性肾衰竭(CRF)大鼠肾组织归巢因子表达的影响.方法 采用分阶段5/6肾切除制备大鼠CRF模型.实验动物随机分为3组:假手术组、CRF模型组和EPO治疗组.从第3周开始,治疗组大鼠每次皮下注射重组人EPO 50 IU/kg,每周3次,共6周.8周后检测各组大鼠血肌酐(Scr)、血尿素氮(BUN)、尿蛋白、血红蛋白(Hb)；采用实时荧光定量PCR、Western印迹和免疫组化方法检测残肾组织EPO及其受体(EPOR)、归巢因子及其受体(SDF-1、CXCR4、Ang-1、Tie2、SCF、c-Kit)的表达.结果 与模型组比较,EPO治疗可上调残肾组织归巢因子及其受体(SDF-1、CXCR4、Ang-1、Tie2、SCF、c-Kit)mRNA和蛋白的表达(均P＜0.05)；同时,EPO治疗还可上调残肾组织EPO及EPOR的mRNA和蛋白的表达(均P＜ 0.05).此外,EPO治疗还能下调大鼠Scr、BUN和尿蛋白水平(均P＜0.05),上调Hb水平(P＜0.05).结论 EPO能改善慢性肾衰竭大鼠的肾功能,这种作用可能与其激活残肾组织归巢因子而参与损伤肾脏的修复有关.     

高血压肾损害

肾脏不仅在血压调整过程中起着重要的作用,同时也是高血压相关损害的重要靶器官之一。临床上将高血压造成的肾脏结构和功能的改变,称为高血压肾损害。良好的血压控制无疑是遏制高血压肾损害的基础,然而近年来尽管随着高血压药物的广泛应用,高血压所导致的终末期肾病(ESRD)发生率却呈上升趋势。在过去10年中,美国ESRD的发病率以每年9%的速度增长,其中因高血压而引起的ESRD新患者占28%,这提示着临床上应用抗高血压药物治疗来保护肾功能的作用还远远不够[1]。因此,进一步探讨高血压肾损害的发病机制和正确选择降压药是防治高血压肾损害的…     

体外诱导骨髓间充质干细胞向肾小管上皮样细胞分化

Objective To investigate the differentiation of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to renal tubular epithelial-like cells under different conditions. Methods MSCs were obtained from rat marrow. MSCs were isolated by gradient density centrifugation and plastic adherence and then purified. Surface markers were identified with flow cytometry after amplification in vitro. The purified MSCs of the third passage were cultured respectively as follows: (1) control group: DMEM medium with fetal bovine serum(FBS). (2) all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) group: DMEM medium with FBS, ATRA and ischemic reperfusion-injured kidney tissue homogenate. (3)combination group: DMEM medium with FBS, ATRA, ischemic reperfusion-injured kidney tissue homogenate, epidermal growth factor (EGF) and bone morphogenetic protein 7 (BMP-7). After 7 days, the MSCs were collected for alkaline phosphatase (AKP) staining, cytokeratin-18 and E-cadherin immunocytochemical analysis. Results The positive rates of the third passage MSCs in CD44, CD90 and CD29 were 97.8%±0.9%, 96.8%±1.4% and 97.6%±2.4%,respectively, but in CD11b/c and CD34 were only 13.2%±0.6% and 1.2%±0.5%. The MSCs in control group were spindle. The MSCs in ATRA group were round and elliptic. The MSCs in combination group became cobblestone-like cells after 7 days. AKP staining showed that tubular epithelial-like cells from MSCs in control group were negative, some above cells in ATRA group were positive and number of above cells increased in combination group. Compared with negative control group, the ratios of cytokeratin-18 positive cells in ATRA group and combination group were respectively increassed by 29.47%±1.08% and 47.52%±2.13% (all P<0.05), the ratios of E-cadherin positive cells in ATRA group and combination group were respectively increased by 14.88%±2.46% and 36.15%±1.13% (all P<0.05). Conclusion MSCs may differentiate by renal tubular epithelial-like cells under the induction of ischemic reperfusion-injured kidney tissue homogenate and ATRA in vitro, which are further differentiated under the combined induction of EGF and BMP-7.     

体外诱导骨髓间充质干细胞向肾小管上皮样细胞分化

Objective To investigate the differentiation of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to renal tubular epithelial-like cells under different conditions. Methods MSCs were obtained from rat marrow. MSCs were isolated by gradient density centrifugation and plastic adherence and then purified. Surface markers were identified with flow cytometry after amplification in vitro. The purified MSCs of the third passage were cultured respectively as follows: (1) control group: DMEM medium with fetal bovine serum(FBS). (2) all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) group: DMEM medium with FBS, ATRA and ischemic reperfusion-injured kidney tissue homogenate. (3)combination group: DMEM medium with FBS, ATRA, ischemic reperfusion-injured kidney tissue homogenate, epidermal growth factor (EGF) and bone morphogenetic protein 7 (BMP-7). After 7 days, the MSCs were collected for alkaline phosphatase (AKP) staining, cytokeratin-18 and E-cadherin immunocytochemical analysis. Results The positive rates of the third passage MSCs in CD44, CD90 and CD29 were 97.8%±0.9%, 96.8%±1.4% and 97.6%±2.4%,respectively, but in CD11b/c and CD34 were only 13.2%±0.6% and 1.2%±0.5%. The MSCs in control group were spindle. The MSCs in ATRA group were round and elliptic. The MSCs in combination group became cobblestone-like cells after 7 days. AKP staining showed that tubular epithelial-like cells from MSCs in control group were negative, some above cells in ATRA group were positive and number of above cells increased in combination group. Compared with negative control group, the ratios of cytokeratin-18 positive cells in ATRA group and combination group were respectively increassed by 29.47%±1.08% and 47.52%±2.13% (all P<0.05), the ratios of E-cadherin positive cells in ATRA group and combination group were respectively increased by 14.88%±2.46% and 36.15%±1.13% (all P<0.05). Conclusion MSCs may differentiate by renal tubular epithelial-like cells under the induction of ischemic reperfusion-injured kidney tissue homogenate and ATRA in vitro, which are further differentiated under the combined induction of EGF and BMP-7.     

体外诱导骨髓间充质干细胞向肾小管上皮样细胞分化

Objective To investigate the differentiation of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to renal tubular epithelial-like cells under different conditions. Methods MSCs were obtained from rat marrow. MSCs were isolated by gradient density centrifugation and plastic adherence and then purified. Surface markers were identified with flow cytometry after amplification in vitro. The purified MSCs of the third passage were cultured respectively as follows: (1) control group: DMEM medium with fetal bovine serum(FBS). (2) all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) group: DMEM medium with FBS, ATRA and ischemic reperfusion-injured kidney tissue homogenate. (3)combination group: DMEM medium with FBS, ATRA, ischemic reperfusion-injured kidney tissue homogenate, epidermal growth factor (EGF) and bone morphogenetic protein 7 (BMP-7). After 7 days, the MSCs were collected for alkaline phosphatase (AKP) staining, cytokeratin-18 and E-cadherin immunocytochemical analysis. Results The positive rates of the third passage MSCs in CD44, CD90 and CD29 were 97.8%±0.9%, 96.8%±1.4% and 97.6%±2.4%,respectively, but in CD11b/c and CD34 were only 13.2%±0.6% and 1.2%±0.5%. The MSCs in control group were spindle. The MSCs in ATRA group were round and elliptic. The MSCs in combination group became cobblestone-like cells after 7 days. AKP staining showed that tubular epithelial-like cells from MSCs in control group were negative, some above cells in ATRA group were positive and number of above cells increased in combination group. Compared with negative control group, the ratios of cytokeratin-18 positive cells in ATRA group and combination group were respectively increassed by 29.47%±1.08% and 47.52%±2.13% (all P<0.05), the ratios of E-cadherin positive cells in ATRA group and combination group were respectively increased by 14.88%±2.46% and 36.15%±1.13% (all P<0.05). Conclusion MSCs may differentiate by renal tubular epithelial-like cells under the induction of ischemic reperfusion-injured kidney tissue homogenate and ATRA in vitro, which are further differentiated under the combined induction of EGF and BMP-7.     

泽泻醇B抑制C3a介导的人肾小管上皮细胞间充质转分化的实验研究

目的 探讨泽泻醇B能否抑制C3a介导的肾小管上皮细胞间充质转分化(epithelial-mesenchymal transition,EMT)。方法 将体外培养的人肾小管上皮细胞(HK-2)分别用5 ng/mL转化生长因子β(transforming growth factor-β,TGF-β)、0.1 μmol C3a和0.1 μmol C3a加10 μmol泽泻醇B进行干预。分别采用RT-PCR、Western blot和细胞免疫荧光法检测HK-2细胞C3、α-平滑肌肌动蛋白（α-SMA）和上皮钙黏蛋白（E-cadherin） mRNA及蛋白表达。结果 经C3a刺激后,HK-2细胞C3 mRNA和蛋白表达明显增加(P<0.01),α-SMA mRNA及蛋白表达明显增加(P<0.01),E-cadherin mRNA及蛋白表达明显减少(P<0.01)。与经外源性C3a干预组比较,经泽泻醇B干预后,HK-2细胞α-SMA mRNA及蛋白表达明显减少(P<0.01),E-cadherin mRNA及蛋白表达明显增加(P<0.05)。结论 外源性C3a能诱导肾小管上皮细胞发生EMT,泽泻醇B可抑制C3a诱导的EMT。     

体外诱导骨髓间充质干细胞向肾小管上皮样细胞分化

目的 观察不同条件下骨髓间充质干细胞（MSC）体外诱导分化为肾小管上皮样细胞的差异。 方法 抽取SD大鼠的骨髓,经密度梯度离心分离,联合贴壁筛选法获取纯化的MSC。以流式细胞仪鉴定间充质干细胞表面标志。取扩增3代的MSC分组培养：（1）对照组：用含胎牛血清培养基;（2）全反式维甲酸（ATRA）组：胎牛血清+缺血再灌注肾脏匀浆上清+ATRA;（3）联合诱导组：胎牛血清+缺血再灌注肾脏匀浆上清+ATRA+表皮生长因子（EGF）+骨形成蛋白（BMP-7）。诱导7 d后,倒置显微镜下观察细胞形态变化;化学染色检测细胞碱性磷酸酶表达;免疫细胞化学法检测细胞角蛋白18（cytokeratin-18）、E钙黏蛋白(E-cadherin)的表达。 结果 流式细胞仪显示,体外分离培养的第3代MSC,CD44阳性细胞表达率为97.8%±0.9%;CD90阳性细胞表达率为96.8%±1.4%;CD29阳性细胞表达率为97.6%±2.4%;而CD11b/c阳性细胞表达率为13.2%±0.6%; CD34阳性细胞表达率为1.2%±0.5%。诱导7 d后,与对照组长梭形细胞相比,ATRA组部分细胞为圆形、短梭形单层排列;联合诱导组的大部分细胞为圆形、短梭形,细胞密集处呈鹅卵石样排列。碱性磷酸酶染色显示,对照组细胞为阴性;ATRA组部分细胞阳性;联合诱导组阳性细胞数明显增多。免疫细胞化学显示,ATRA组和联合诱导组细胞cytokeratin-18阳性表达率分别为29.47%±1.08%和47.52%±2.13%,显著高于对照组（P ＜ 0.05）;E-cadherin阳性表达率分别为14.88%±2.46%和36.15%±1.13%,也显著高于对照组（P ＜ 0.05）。 结论 在体外模拟的急性肾衰竭微环境中加入ATRA可诱导MSC部分分化为肾小管上皮样细胞。联合EGF、BMP-7共同诱导能进一步促进MSC向肾小管上皮样细胞分化。     

阿托伐他汀对慢性肾衰竭大鼠外周血内皮祖细胞的影响

目的探讨阿托伐他汀对慢性肾衰竭大鼠外周血内皮祖细胞(endothelial progenitor cells,EPCs)数量和功能的影响。方法采用分阶段5/6肾切除制备大鼠慢性肾衰竭模型。实验动物随机分为4组:假手术组、慢性肾衰竭组(模型组)、8mg.kg-1.d-1阿托伐他汀干预组(小剂量组)、16mg.kg-1.d-1阿托伐他汀干预组(大剂量组)。大鼠阿托伐他汀灌胃8周后,取其外周血分离与培养EPCs,并检测EPCs数量及其增殖、黏附能力。结果与假手术组比较,慢性肾衰竭大鼠外周血EPCs数量及其增殖、黏附能力均下降(P<0.05)。应用阿托伐他汀能明显增加慢性肾衰竭大鼠外周血EPCs数量,改善外周血EPCs增殖、黏附能力(P<0.05),并且呈剂量依赖性。结论阿托伐他汀可改善慢性肾衰竭大鼠外周血EPCs的数量和功能。     

体外诱导骨髓间充质干细胞向肾小管上皮样细胞分化

Objective To investigate the differentiation of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to renal tubular epithelial-like cells under different conditions. Methods MSCs were obtained from rat marrow. MSCs were isolated by gradient density centrifugation and plastic adherence and then purified. Surface markers were identified with flow cytometry after amplification in vitro. The purified MSCs of the third passage were cultured respectively as follows: (1) control group: DMEM medium with fetal bovine serum(FBS). (2) all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) group: DMEM medium with FBS, ATRA and ischemic reperfusion-injured kidney tissue homogenate. (3)combination group: DMEM medium with FBS, ATRA, ischemic reperfusion-injured kidney tissue homogenate, epidermal growth factor (EGF) and bone morphogenetic protein 7 (BMP-7). After 7 days, the MSCs were collected for alkaline phosphatase (AKP) staining, cytokeratin-18 and E-cadherin immunocytochemical analysis. Results The positive rates of the third passage MSCs in CD44, CD90 and CD29 were 97.8%±0.9%, 96.8%±1.4% and 97.6%±2.4%,respectively, but in CD11b/c and CD34 were only 13.2%±0.6% and 1.2%±0.5%. The MSCs in control group were spindle. The MSCs in ATRA group were round and elliptic. The MSCs in combination group became cobblestone-like cells after 7 days. AKP staining showed that tubular epithelial-like cells from MSCs in control group were negative, some above cells in ATRA group were positive and number of above cells increased in combination group. Compared with negative control group, the ratios of cytokeratin-18 positive cells in ATRA group and combination group were respectively increassed by 29.47%±1.08% and 47.52%±2.13% (all P<0.05), the ratios of E-cadherin positive cells in ATRA group and combination group were respectively increased by 14.88%±2.46% and 36.15%±1.13% (all P<0.05). Conclusion MSCs may differentiate by renal tubular epithelial-like cells under the induction of ischemic reperfusion-injured kidney tissue homogenate and ATRA in vitro, which are further differentiated under the combined induction of EGF and BMP-7.     

氟伐他汀对转化生长因子β_1诱导的系膜细胞结缔组织生长因子和Ⅳ型胶原表达的影响

目的探讨氟伐他汀对转化生长因子β1(TGF-β1)诱导下的大鼠肾小球系膜细胞(MCs)增殖和结缔组织生长因子(CTGF)、Ⅳ型胶原(ColⅣ)表达的影响。方法选择对数生长期的MCs,分成对照组、TGF-β1诱导组、TGF-β1加不同浓度氟伐他汀(Flu)诱导组,采用MTT法检测MCs增殖,RT-PCR和Westernblot方法检测MCsCTGF表达,ELISA法检测ColⅣ表达。结果5μg.L-1TGF-β1能明显促进MCs的增殖及CTGF和ColⅣ的表达。Flu可呈浓度依赖性地抑制TGF-β1诱导下的系膜细胞增殖和CTGF及ColⅣ的表达:1μmol.L-1Flu即能明显抑制MCs的增殖及CTGFmRNA和ColⅣ蛋白的表达,10μmol.L-1Flu即能明显抑制MCsCTGF蛋白的表达。同时,还观察到外源性CTGF呈浓度依赖性地促进MCsColⅣ的表达,2.5μg.L-1CTGF即可明显促进ColⅣ蛋白的表达。结论氟伐他汀可抑制MCs增殖和CTGF介导的ColⅣ表达。