血管移植搭桥治疗巨大动脉瘤

目的探讨中、高流量血管搭桥方法对颅内巨大颅内动脉瘤的治疗。方法8例巨大和颅底复杂动脉瘤患者,主要表现头痛发病者5例,视力减退者2例,面部麻木者1例。未破裂动脉瘤6例,2例患者发生动脉瘤破裂,Hunt-Hess分级分别为Ⅰ级和Ⅱ级。血管造影证实：动脉瘤体位于颈内动脉海绵窦段（C4段）4例、床突上段（C1段）2例、大脑中动脉M2～M1段者2例动脉瘤大小为2．5～6．0cm,平均直径3．7cm。其中6例动脉瘤为梭形,2例为宽颈动脉瘤。8例患者均采用额颞开颅,骨瓣要尽可能低到颅底,以缩短搭桥移植血管在颅外走行长度。通常用7-0显微缝线吻合移植血管与颈外动脉,用8-0缝线吻合移植血管与颅内段颈内动脉和大脑中动脉。4例患者利用大隐静脉移植搭桥,4例患者利用桡动脉移植搭桥。颅内、外搭桥完毕后将动脉瘤近心端和远端的供血动脉结扎和夹闭,阻断动脉瘤的全部血供。对3例有压迫脑神经或颅内占位引起颅压高的患者,将动脉瘤切除。结果5例术后头痛消失,1例视力减退者明显改善,1例动眼神经麻痹恢复。5例术后行脑血管造影检查,3例行CT血管造影检查,7例搭桥吻合血管全部畅通,动脉瘤消失。2例术后出现暂时性一侧肢体力弱,肌力在Ⅱ～Ⅲ级之间,术后1个月完全恢复。结论中、高流量颅内外血管搭桥可作为治疗颅内巨大动脉瘤的有效方法。     

红细胞内离子含量变化与高血压病患者室性心律失常的关系

用动态心电图观察了高血压病超声心动图左室肥厚(Echo—LVH)及无Echo—LVH 患者室性心律失常的发生情况及与红细胞内K~+、Na~+、Ca~(2+)、Mg~(2+)含量的关系和降压治疗前后室性心律失常及细胞内离子含量的变化。结果显示:Echo—LVH 组室性早搏(VPC)及复杂性室性心律失常的发生率显著高于无Echo—LVH 组,前者红细胞内Na~+、Ca~(2+)含量显著高于后者,且与VPC 显著正相关,K~+、Mg~(2+)含量显著低于后者,与VPC显著负相关;硝苯啶及卡托普利均能纠正红细胞内离子代谢紊乱及减少室性心律失常的发生,提示细胞内离子含量与高血压病室性心律失常密切相关。     

高渗氯化钠羟乙基淀粉40注射液高容量血液稀释对大鼠肝脏缺血再灌注损伤的影响

Objective To investigate the effects of hypervolemic hemodilution (HH) with hypertonic saline plus hetastarch solution 40 injectio on hepatic ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury in rats. Methods Thirty male Wistar rats weighing 300-350 g were randomly divided into 3 groups ( n = 10 each): group I sham operation (group S); group II I/R and group Ⅲ HH. Partial liver ischemia was produced by clamping hepatic portal vein and left arteria hepatica for 30 min with atraumatic mini-clamp, followed by 2 h of reperfusion in I/R group and HH group. In HH group the animals were infused hypertonic saline plus hetastarch solution 40 injectio 10 ml/kg through vena caudalis over 30 min and then hepatic I/R was performed IS min after the infusion.The animals were killed at 2 h of reperfusion. The left liver was removed and blood sample was taken from inferior caval vein for determination of (1) serum alanine amino transferase (ALT) and aspartate amino transferase (AST) activities; (2) superoxide dismutase ( SOD) activity and malondialdehyde ( MDA) content in the liver; ( 3 ) microscopic examination. Results The serum ALT and AST activities and MDA content in the liver were significantly higher, SOD activity in the liver significantly lower after hepatic I/R and pathological changes in the liver severer in group I/R and HH than in group S. The serum ALT and AST activities and MDA content in the liver were significantly lower, SOD activity in the liver significantly higher after hepatic I/R and pathological changes in the liver milder in group HH than in group I/R. Conclusion Hypervolemic hemodilution with hypertonic saline plus hetastarch solution 40 injectio can ameliorate hepatic I/R injury by decreasing oxygen free radical production in rats.     

复发性椎管内蛛网膜囊肿脊髓黏连的再手术体会

目的总结手术治疗复发性椎管内蛛网膜囊肿脊髓黏连的体会和方法。方法在脊神经肌电监测下，对4例复发性椎管内蛛网膜囊肿脊髓黏连的病人（2例为再次手术，2例为第3次手术）采用显微手术分块切除囊肿，彻底松解黏连的脊髓和神经根，用人工硬脊膜修补缝合硬脊膜，防止术后再黏连。结果2例神经根型和1例脊髓型病人术后临床症状立即改善，另1例术前二便失禁的脊髓型病人术后无明显改善。随访6～10个月，均无复发。结论手术广泛切除复发性蛛网膜囊肿的囊壁可有效减压；在脊髓肌电神经监测下．彻底松解黏连严重的脊髓和神经根，有利于术后神经功能的恢复；采用人工硬脊膜修复缝合硬膜可预防术后再黏连的发生。     

6%羟乙基淀粉130/0.4对患者硬膜外复合全麻诱导期肺循环的影响

Objective To observe the effect of pulmonary circulation by 6% hydroxyethyl starch 130/0.4 during induction period from epidural block combined with general anesthesia. Methods Twenty-six hepatobiliary surgical patients with ASA Ⅰ-Ⅱ, aged 32 y-59 y, weighing 54 kg-73 kg, were randomized into 2 groups(n=13): hydroxyethyl starch 130/0.4 group(HS)and complex acetic acid Ringer's solution (RL). Above-mentioned solutions were infused 7 ml/kg respectively before induction. The pulmonary circulation hemodynamic parameters such as pulmonary arterial systolic pressure (PASP), pulmonary arterial diastolic pressure (PADP), mean pulmonary artery pressure(MPAP), pulmonary artery wedge pressure(PAWP), pulmonary vascular resistance(PVR) and right ventricular stroke work(RVSW) were recorded at base value(T0), 10 min after infusion(T1), 5 min after induction(T2), 5 rain after intubation(T3), 10 rain after intubation(T4)and 20 min after intubation(T5). Results PASP、PADP、MPAP、PAWP and CVP were significantly higher in group HS at T, than the values at T0 (P<0.05); PVR in group HS was obviously lower from T1 to T5 than the value at To (P<0.05 or P<0.01); RVSW was significantly higher in two groups at T1 than base value (P<0.05), but that in group HS was lower than base value (P<0.05 or P<0.01); HR obviously decreased in two groups from T2 to T5 as compared with the value at T0 (P<0.05); MAP was lower from T3 to T5 than the value at To (P<0.05 or P<0.01). PVR was obviously lower in group HS from T1 to T5 than that in group RL (P<0.05 or P<0.01); MAP obviously increased from T2 to T5 in group HS as compared with the value in group RL(P<0.05 or P<0.01). Conclusion 6% hydroxyethyl starch 130/0.4 can obviously reduce PVR during induction pe-riod from epidural block combined with general anesthesia. In all, there is no effect on pulmonary circulation by 6% hydroxyethyl starch 130/0.4.     

盖氏骨折骨不连的治疗与再思考

目的探讨盖氏骨折骨不连的手术失败原因和再手术治疗方法。方法1997年4月～2003年4月收治的盖氏骨折骨不连23例,分析其失败原因,并重新植骨内固定,消除桡骨旋转、短缩及成角畸形。采用改良的尺骨远端切除术处理下尺桡关节再脱位8例,尺骨假关节成形术处理下尺桡关节再脱位15例。结果所有病例经12～24个月的随访,平均随访18.7个月。骨折均获得骨性愈合,X线愈合时间为17～33周(平均20.6周)。腕部无明显畸形。腕关节功能按照Dienst功能评价标准评价:优9例,良11例,可3例,优良率为87%。结论盖氏骨折骨不连的治疗,必须消除桡骨旋转、短缩及成角畸形,早期宜旋后位固定下尺桡关节;用改良的尺骨远端切除术和尺骨假关节成形术处理陈旧性下尺桡关节再脱位,可取得满意疗效。     

蛋白免疫印迹杂交法研究葛根素对于促进成骨细胞OPG/RANKL蛋白表达的影响

目的:通过蛋白免疫印迹杂交法(Western blot法)、MTT法探讨葛根素通过OPG/RANKL蛋白对于促进成骨细胞增殖、分化机制的研究.方法:通过原代细胞培养:取新生24h的SD大鼠头盖骨,使用0.1％Ⅱ型胶原酶消化法分离出成骨细胞,使用碱性磷酸酶法鉴定成骨细胞,用MTT法确定葛根素对于促进成骨细胞增殖的最佳浓度和时间,取第四代的成骨细胞进行实验,实验分成4个组:其中对照组为10％ DMEM(low glucose),其它3组浓度分别为1 mg/mL,0.1 mg/mL和0.01 mg/mL的葛根素处理组.24h后,通过Western blot方法检测OPG/RANKL蛋白的表达.结果:通过碱性磷酸酶法、MTT法,可以鉴定不同浓度葛根素处理的成骨细胞中碱性磷酸酶活性均有增高.不同浓度的葛根素处理液均可以提高OPG/RANKL蛋白的表达,其中OPG、RANKL分别与对照组比较,具有统计学差异(P＜0.05).结论:葛根素可以通过OPG/RANKL系统促进成骨细胞的增殖和分化.     

阻塞性黄疸大鼠肝功能和病理形态学研究

目的:探讨胆管阻塞对大鼠肝脏功能和病理形态学的影响.方法:60只健康雄性SD大鼠随机分为6组:胆总管结扎组(BDL,n=50)和假手术组(n=10,仅游离胆总管不予结扎).BDL组据结扎持续时间又分为BDL3、BDL7、BDL14、BDL28和BDL42组(每组10只),分别于术后第3、7、14、28、42日测定血清总胆红素(TBIL)、直接胆红素(DBIL)、总胆汁酸(TBA)、谷丙转氨酶 (ALT)等肝功能指标,并观察肝脏组织病理形态.假手术组于术后7 d行上述检测.结果:与假手术组相比,BDL组大鼠肝脏功能指标明显改变,血清TBIL、DBIL、TBA值在阻塞早期(BDL3 或BDL7 组)为最高,后呈下降趋势,至实验末期(BDL42组)时仍高于对照组;ALT等酶学指标也有类似变化.BDL组大鼠的主要病理形态学改变为肝内小胆管增生和肝纤维化.结论:大鼠肝脏功能阻塞早期即发生明显的损害,机体可产生一定的代偿以改善肝功能,但持续存在的胆管阻塞最终导致肝纤维化.大鼠阻塞性黄疸期内病理形态学的改变显示其肝功能测定值并不能反映其肝脏组织的实际损害程度.     

鞍区恶性颅咽管瘤5例并文献复习

恶性颅咽管瘤罕见, 发病机制不明, 临床预后较差, 掌握其临床病理特征对该病的临床治疗及预后评估均具有重要意义。回顾性分析5例鞍区恶性颅咽管瘤患者的临床资料、病理特征、治疗及随访, 并复习相关文献。     

反相高效液相色谱法同时测定马钱子酊中士的宁和二甲氧基士的宁的含量

目的：建立马钱子酊中士的宁和二甲氧基士的宁（马钱子碱）的含量测定方法。方法：采用反相高效液相色谱法以甲醇-乙腈-水-冰醋酸（35：40：25：0.5）为流动相，Zorbax SB-C18 ODS(4.6mmx 250mm，5цm)为分析柱，紫外线测定波长为254nm。结果：二甲氧基士的宁线性范围为0.05-0.45цg，r=0.9997，测量平均回收率为99.4%，RSD为2.2%；士的宁线性范围为0.06-0.54цg，r=0.9994，测量平均回收率为101.3%，RSD为1.22%。结论：本法简便，快速，灵敏。