伏立康唑一级预防急性白血病患者化疗期间并发真菌感染的临床疗效北大核心

目的:探讨初诊急性白血病患者化疗期间应用伏立康唑进行预防侵袭性真菌病(IFD)的临床疗效及安全性。方法:回顾性分析2016年02月至2018年03月期间我院血液科收治的初诊急性白血病行化疗的患者166例,按照是否使用抗真菌药进行预防性治疗分为观察组(应用伏立康唑进行预防治疗,n=103)和对照组(未应用抗真菌药物,n=63),比较两组患者IFD发生率差异,并分析抗真菌药物应用的不良反应。结果:观察组IFD发生率为10.7%,对照组为33.3%,两组患者的IFD发生率有明显差异(P<0.05);所有应用伏立康唑进行预防治疗的患者均未出现严重的不良反应。结论:伏立康唑可以有效减低急性白血病患者化疗期间IFD发生率,并且有着较好的安全性,值得在临床推广应用。     

"五习惯"医患沟通评价量表的构建及信效度研究

背景 医患沟通障碍是导致医疗纠纷发生的主要原因之一。目前，我国对医务人员医患沟通能力的评价研究较少，缺乏信效度良好的评估工具。 目的 构建"五习惯"医患沟通评价量表（5HCS），检验其信度和效度。 方法 2014年3月，采用Brislin翻译法在"四习惯"医患沟通评价体系（4HCS）的基础上，形成5HCS初稿；2014年4—6月，采用德尔菲法，使用问卷分两轮征求专家意见，根据专家意见修订条目后形成5HCS定稿；2018年3月，使用新构建的5HCS对127名住院医师的医患沟通能力进行评估，通过分析其评价数据，检验量表的内部一致性、评价者间信度、内容效度和标准关联效度。 结果 正式版5HCS包含5个维度（"尊重示善，融洽关系""采集信息，引导观点""表达共情，建立信任""风险告知，知情同意""提供诊断，协商决策"），21个条目。量表的Cronbach's α系数为0.716，各维度与量表总分的r值为0.524~0.692，各条目的内容效度指数（I-CVI）≥0.81，量表总分的评价者间信度r值为0.912，组内相关系数（ICC）=0.912，标准关联效度以中文版医患沟通技能评价量表（SEGUE）为标准，两个量表总分之间的r值为0.377（P<0.01）。 结论 5HCS具有良好的信度和效度，可将其作为我国住院医师医患沟通能力测评工具加以推广应用。     

Role of surgical treatments in high-grade or advanced gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms

Over the last 40 years, the incidence and prevalence of gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (GEP-NENs) have continued to increase. Compared to other epithelial neoplasms in the same organ, GEP-NENs exhibit indolent biological behavior, resulting in more chances to undergo surgery. However, the role of surgery in high-grade or advanced GEP-NENs is still controversial. Surgery is associated with survival improvement of well-differentiated high-grade GEP-NENs, whereas poorly differentiated GEP-NENs that may benefit from resection require careful selection based on Ki67 and other tissue biomarkers. Additionally, surgery also plays an important role in locally advanced and metastatic disease. For locally advanced GEP-NENs, isolated major vascular involvement is no longer an absolute contraindication. In the setting of metastatic GEP-NENs, radical intended surgery is recommended for patients with low-grade and resectable metastases. For unresectable metastatic disease, a variety of surgical approaches, including cytoreduction of liver metastasis, liver transplantation, and surgery after neoadjuvant treatment, show survival benefits. Primary tumor resection in GEP-NENs with unresectable metastatic disease is associated with symptom control, prolonged survival, and improved sensitivity toward systemic therapies. Although there is no established neoadjuvant or adjuvant strategy, increasing attention has been given to this emerging research area. Some studies have reported that neoadjuvant therapy effectively reduces tumor burden, improves the effectiveness of subsequent surgery, and decreases surgical complications.     

Confounded association between proton pump inhibitor use and risk of biliary tract cancer: Result from three cohorts

Recent epidemiological studies suggested that proton pump inhibitor (PPI) use was associated with an increased risk of biliary tract cancer (BTC), however, confounders were not adequately controlled. Our study aimed to evaluate PPI use and subsequent risk of BTC and its subtypes in three well-established cohorts. We conducted a pooled analysis of the subjects free of cancers in UK Biobank (n = 463 643), Nurses' Health Study (NHS, n = 80 235) and NHS II (n = 95 869). Propensity score weighted Cox models were used to estimate marginal HRs of PPIs use on BTC risk, accounting for potential confounders. We documented 284 BTC cases in UK Biobank (median follow-up: 7.6 years), and 91 cases in NHS and NHS II cohorts (median follow-up: 15.8 years). In UK biobank, PPI users had a 96% higher risk of BTC compared to nonusers in crude model (HR 1.96, 95% CI 1.44-2.66), but the effect was attenuated to null after adjusting for potential confounders (HR 0.95, 95% CI 0.60-1.49). PPI use was not associated with risk of BTC in the pooled analysis of three cohorts (HR 0.93, 95% CI 0.60-1.43). We also observed no associations between PPI use with risk of intrahepatic (HR 1.00, 95% CI 0.49-2.04), extrahepatic bile duct (HR 1.09, 95% CI 0.52-2.27) and gallbladder cancers (HR 0.66, 95% CI 0.26-1.66) in UK Biobank. In summary, regular use of PPIs was not associated with the risk of BTC and its subtypes.     

Process of forgiveness in the recovery of Chinese women survivors of intimate partner violence: Empowerment,transformation, and integration

Forgiveness has been found one substantial element in the recovery for women survivors from intimate partner violence following the termination of the abusive relationship. To further investigate the details of forgiveness in this specific context, the present study explored the process of forgiveness using grounded theory. In-depth and semi-structured interviews were conducted with 25 Chinese women survivors of IPV. The findings suggest that forgiveness is a strength-based process including empowerment, transformation, and integration phases. In the empowerment phase, survivors obtain strength at the intrapersonal, behavioural, and interpersonal levels. In the transformation phase, survivors complete cognitive transformation for their IPV experiences and emotional transformation towards former partners. In the integration phase, survivors—now freed from the past—reflect upon and apply the changes they have undergone. Two trajectories in the process were found. One trajectory is going through stages sequentially and the other trajectory is experiencing back and forth between empowerment and transformation stages before moving into the integration stage. The study's findings broaden our knowledge of the strength-based forgiveness process that women survivors of IPV undergo during recovery. Practitioners and policymakers could develop programmes and policies that support forgiveness by holistically facilitating their recovery and empowerment like assistance in dealing with life difficulties and promoting their reconnection with social networks. To improve the transferability and validity of the findings, the forgiveness of survivors of IPV could be explored in a diverse sample (e.g., survivors with low educational background or live in the rural area).     

多元化联合教学模式在超声引导下疼痛介入治疗中的应用

目的探讨多元化联合教学模式在超声引导下疼痛介入治疗教学中的应用效果。方法选择2018年1月至2020年12月在北京大学第三医院疼痛科进修的30名医师作为研究对象,将其分为对照组与观察组;对照组采用常规教学模式;观察组采用多元化联合教学模式,比较两组医师技能考核成绩、教学质量评分和满意度评分。结果观察组医师技能考核成绩优良率为93.3%,高于对照组的73.3%(P<0.05);观察组医师对基础理论知识掌握、临床思维能力的提高、学习兴趣的激发、疾病诊治能力的提高4个方面的评分均高于对照组(P<0.01)。结论多元化联合教学模式可促进超声引导下疼痛介入治疗技能的提高,有利于提高学员的综合临床能力。     

中西医结合治疗对单纯疱疹病毒性角膜炎患者视力恢复及血清微量元素的影响

目的:探讨中西医结合治疗对单纯疱疹病毒性角膜炎(HSK)患者视力恢复及血清微量元素的影响。方法:选取2015年1月至2016年10月内蒙古包钢医院收治的HSK患者86例作为研究对象,按照随机数字表法随机分为对照组和观察组,每组43例。对照组采用更昔洛韦滴眼液及硫酸软骨素滴眼液治疗,观察组在对照组基础上结合清肝明目汤进行治疗,2组均连续治疗4周。比较2组患者临床疗效;比较治疗前后2组患者视力恢复状况、血清微量元素及泪液免疫因子水平。结果:治疗后,观察组治疗有效率显著高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);治疗后观察组患者视觉模拟评分及视力均显著高于治疗前与对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);治疗后观察组铁离子、钙离子及铜离子水平低于治疗前与对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);血清锌离子水平明显高于治疗前与对照组(P0.05),差异有统计学意义(P0.05);治疗后观察组患者泪液IgA、IgG及C3水平明显高于治疗前与对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:中西医结合治疗HSK有效促进患者视力的恢复,调节血清微量元素的同时增强患者泪液免疫因子水平,疗效显著优于单用西药治疗。     

2013-2017年我国四种恶性肿瘤住院费用水平及结构变动度分析

背景　恶性肿瘤给家庭、社会带来了沉重的医疗、经济负担，极易导致部分家庭“因病致贫”或放弃治疗，目前相关研究多集中于单一病种、分散地域的研究，仍缺乏对于全国范围与多病种恶性肿瘤住院费用变化及结构构成的考量。目的　分析2013-2017年我国4种恶性肿瘤住院费用水平以及影响住院费用的主要项目和结构变动情况，为控制医疗费用上涨、深化新医改提供参考依据。方法　本研究数据来源于《2014中国卫生和计划生育统计年鉴》《2015中国卫生和计划生育统计年鉴》《2016中国卫生和计划生育统计年鉴》《2017中国卫生和计划生育统计年鉴》以及《2018中国卫生健康统计年鉴》，样本跨度为2013-2017年。统计“30种疾病人均住院费用”中的胃恶性肿瘤、肺恶性肿瘤、食管恶性肿瘤以及膀胱恶性肿瘤的数据，4种恶性肿瘤的人均住院费用包括药费、检查费、治疗费、手术费和手术材料费。2019年4-8月，采用结构变动度法分析我国2013-2017年4种恶性肿瘤的住院费用的结构变动情况〔结构变动值（VSV）、结构变动度（DSV）、结构变动贡献率〕。结果　2013-2017年，4种恶性肿瘤的人均住院费用逐年上升，其中胃恶性肿瘤的人均住院费用始终最高，且肺恶性肿瘤的人均住院费用上升幅度最大。2013-2017年，在4种恶性肿瘤住院各项费用的占比中，药费占比最高且总体逐年下降。从4种恶性肿瘤住院各项费用的实际变化来看，药费在2013-2014年有所上升，2014-2017年逐年下降；检查费在2013-2014年下降，2014-2017年缓慢上升；手术费与手术材料费在2013-2017年逐年上升。2013-2017年，在4种恶性肿瘤住院各项费用中均是药费的VSV最大；4种恶性肿瘤药费、检查费的VSV均呈负向变化，手术费和手术材料费的VSV均呈正向变化，治疗费的VSV增减均不明显。2013-2017年，4种恶性肿瘤住院费用的DSV从大到小依次为肺恶性肿瘤、胃恶性肿瘤、食管恶性肿瘤、膀胱恶性肿瘤。2013-2017年，4种恶性肿瘤住院各项费用中均是药费的结构变动贡献率最大，治疗费的结构变动贡献率最小；除药费外，胃恶性肿瘤、肺恶性肿瘤住院各项费用中均是手术材料费和手术费的结构变动贡献率次之，食管恶性肿瘤住院各项费用中手术费、检查费的结构变动贡献率次之，膀胱恶性肿瘤住院各项费用中检查费、手术材料费的结构变动贡献率次之。结论　2013-2017年我国4种恶性肿瘤手术费的结构变动贡献率虽然较为理想，但药费、治疗费仍是住院费用结构的重点调整对象；同时为有效降低恶性肿瘤的人均住院费用，应当加强控制手术材料费与检查费；而胃恶性肿瘤与肺恶性肿瘤患者的疾病经济负担严重，若要缓解应加强疾病的早期预防与住院费用管控。