Biomechanical behavior of brain injury caused by sticks using finite element model and Hybrid-III testing

Objective: To study the biomechanical mechanism of head injuries beaten with sticks, which is common in the battery or assaultive cases. Methods: In this study, the Hybrid-III anthropomorphic test device and finite element model (FEM) of the total human model for safety (THUMS) head were used to determine the biomechanical response of head while being beaten with different sticks. Total eight Hybrid-III tests and four finite element simulations were conducted. The contact force, resultant acceleration of head center of gravity, intracranial pressure and von Mises stress were calculated to determine the different biomechanical behavior of head with beaten by different sticks. Results: In Hybrid-III tests, the stick in each group demonstrated the similar kinematic behavior under the same loading condition. The peak values of the resultant acceleration for thick iron stick group, thin iron stick group, thick wooden stick group and thin wooden stick group were 203.4 g, 221.1 g, 170.5 g and 122.2 g respectively. In finite element simulations, positive intracranial pressure was initially observed in the frontal comparing with negative intracranial pressure in the contra-coup site. Subsequently the intracranial pressure in the coup site was decreasing toward negative value while the contra-coup intracranial pressure increasing toward positive values. Conclusions: The results illustrated that the stiffer and larger the stick was, the higher the von Mises stress, contact force and intracranial pressure were. We believed that the results in the Hybrid-III tests and THUMS head simulations for brain injury beaten with sticks could be reliable and useful for better understanding the injury mechanism.     

基于医院信息系统的乳腺癌临床特征及中西医用药特征分析

目的 解析真实世界中乳腺恶性肿瘤患者的人群特征、诊断特征、中西医用药特征，为乳腺癌的临床防治提供参考。方法 采集2002年2月至2015年5月全国60家三级甲等医 院信息系统（Hospital Information System，HIS）中，出院诊断为“乳腺癌”的患者用药信息，采用SAS9.3统计软件，对人口学信息、诊断信息、医嘱用药信息等进行描述性分析。结果 39798例乳腺癌患者，平均年龄（50.93者，平均年龄）岁；多以门诊入院，入院病情以“一般”为主;合并疾病主要为高血压，骨肿瘤，联用西药以抑制肿瘤细胞增殖、治疗并发症、缓解放化疗不良反应为主；中医辨证以痰瘀互结证，气阴两虚证，肝气淤滞证，脾气亏虚证型最为常见，临床清热解毒剂、益气扶正剂，活血化瘀剂应用较多。结论 乳腺癌中西医结合治疗，联用药物广泛，临床治疗基本符合临床指南。     

Ethyl lactate as a potential green solvent to extract hydrophilic (polar) and lipophilic (non-polar) phytonutrients simultaneously from fruit and vegetable by-products

Phytonutrients extracted from natural resources are receiving much attention among researchers due to their highly antioxidative characteristics which prevent several degenerative diseases including cardiovascular diseases and cancers. These nutraceutical compounds can be used in food, pharmaceutical and cosmetic products as natural antioxidants, preservatives, colourants and functional foods. Huge volume of food wastes are generated from the processing industry and these low-value food residues are rich in various phytonutrients worth recovering. This approach of valorisation reduces the generation of food wastes and is cost-effective considering the cheap feedstock, reduced waste management expenses and high market value of extracted compounds. In light of the health and safety risks posed by commonly used organic extraction solvents derived from the petrochemical industry, there is a need to recover the phytonutrients using green, sustainable and efficient solvents that are safe for human consumption. This work discusses ethyl lactate as a safe, green, efficient and potentially cheap solvent to recover phytonutrients from fruit and vegetable by-products. Ethyl lactate is compared with other organic solvents commonly used from the aspects of safety, environmental impacts and efficiency. Current challenges when employing ethyl lactate are also discussed.     

羽毛球运动中发生手腕和肩袖损伤的相关因素调查

目的：通过对羽毛球爱好者的问卷调查，结合羽毛球项目的运动特点，分析常见的运动损伤部位及其发病原因、处理方法以及预防措施. 方法：调查于2005—03／11在成都医学院体育教研室羽毛球俱乐部完成，对156名羽毛球爱好者进行运动损伤情况凋查，均自愿参加调查。采用问卷调查和专家访谈相结合的方法，主要结合羽毛球项目的运动特点，调查运动损伤的患病率、损伤类型及其受伤原因，分析其常用的处理方法及预防措施。 结果：共发放问卷156份，收回内容详实问卷156份。（1）损伤患病率：运动损伤患病率为78，84％。（2）损伤类型：156名羽毛球爱好者中急性损伤占52、56％，慢性损伤占26，28％。最容易受伤的手腕处受伤患病率为37．39％，其次是肩袖受伤患病率为30．89％。（3）受伤原因：技术动作不规范是运动损伤最主要的原因，占72，35％，而准备活动不充分和身体疲劳分别占63、41％和22．76％. 结论：为有效预防手腕和肩袖损伤，应加强局部肌肉力量训练等防治措施；注意学习和掌握正确的动作技术要领，做好充分的准备活动是十分必要的.     

拜唐苹治疗Ⅱ型糖尿病的临床观察及研究进展

目的观察拜唐苹治疗Ⅱ糖尿病的临床效果。方法30例病人，通过口服拜唐苹治疗一个月和一年后，记录血浆葡萄糖和血红蛋白，根据比较了解拜唐苹降糖效果。结果拜唐苹使患者的空腹血糖下降10．19％，非空腹血糖下降17．44％，血红蛋白治疗前有16人控制差，治疗后无一人控制差。结论拜唐苹治疗Ⅱ型糖尿病中空腹血糖轻中度增高，餐后血糖增高显著的病例，效果满意，副作用少。     

CT定位下经皮穿刺射频消融治疗肺肿瘤疗效分析

目的探讨CT引导下集束电极射频治疗肺恶性肿瘤的疗效。方法对1999年以来在cT定位引导下。采用WE7568集束电极射频肿瘤消融仪。用集束电极经皮穿刺到肺内肿瘤进行射频消融治疗，每针次温度75～95℃左右维持10min或15min．结果78例病人经CT引导行射频消融80例次，绝大多数病灶（77．4％）复查CT均有不同程度缩小或CT值下降30～37，疼痛等症状明显缓解。无严重并发症，无围手术期死亡。结论CT定位下经皮集束电极射频消融对肺恶性肿瘤的近期疗效明显，对晚期肺癌、多发性肺转移瘤及不能耐受手术者，可作为综合治疗的方法之一。     

国产rhGH的免疫原性及其对临床疗效的影响

目的　通过测定生长激素缺乏症 (GHD)患儿用国产重组人生长激素 (recom bined hum angrowth horm one,rh GH)治疗时血清生长激素抗体 (GH- Ab)水平及其结合特性 ,探讨 rh GH的免疫原性及其对疗效的影响。方法　对 6 1例 (男 49例 ,女 12例 ) GHD患儿用国产 rh GH治疗 ,每晚睡前皮下注射 rh GH 0 .1IU /kg共6个月 ;用放射免疫法测定治疗期间患儿血清 GH- Ab水平和滴度 ,并计算抗体结合容量、亲和常数 (Ka)。结果　48%患儿 (2 9/6 1)用药后 3个月血清 GH - Ab呈阳性至试验结束时仍未消失 ,其中 2 0例抗体为弱阳性 (结合率 <10 % ) ,9例呈强阳性 (结合率 >15 % ) ;5 2 %患儿 (32 /6 1)治疗期间抗体为阴性 ;血清 GH- Ab的结合容量、Ka及滴度均为低水平 ,分别为 (0 .1～ 4.8) pmol/L、(1.7× 10 7～ 6 .5× 10 8) L /mol和 1∶ 4～ 1∶ 8。GH- Ab阳性患儿治疗后的身高、身高增长速率及身高落后于正常 SD值的变化与同期阴性者比较无统计学差异 (P>0 .0 5 )。结论　本试验所用国产 rh GH对 GHD患儿身高增长具有确切的促进作用 ,其免疫原性所导致产生的 GH - Ab未对患儿体格线性增长产生负性影响     

SA脂质体介导GFP／bFGF基因在豚鼠耳蜗中的表达

目的 :观察天然碱性脂 (Stearylamine,SA)脂质体介导绿色荧光蛋白 /碱性成纤维细胞生长因子(GFP/bFGF)基因于不同时间段豚鼠耳蜗中的表达 ,为进一步研究耳聋的基因治疗提供实验基础。方法 :取豚鼠 1 6只 ,分成 4组 ,每组 4只。其中 3只右耳圆窗内注入SA -GFP/bFGF复合物 ,1只同法注入生理盐水作为对照。分别于术后第 2、7、1 4、2 1天取材。在荧光显微镜下观察GFP的表达 ,用免疫组化法检测bFGF的转导情况。结果 :荧光显微镜下见双侧耳蜗于术后第 2天开始部分细胞发出绿色荧光 ,第 7天达到高峰 ,支持细胞及内外毛细胞均显荧光 ,细胞轮廓清晰 ;第 1 4天开始减弱 ,第 2 1天消失。免疫组化染色显示 ,除血管纹外 ,耳蜗各回Corti器、螺旋韧带、螺旋缘及螺旋神经节细胞均有高浓度的表达产物 ,对照动物呈阴性表达。结论 :SA脂质体介导的GFP/bFGF基因单耳给药双侧耳蜗均有高效表达 ,为进一步研究基因治疗耳聋提供了可能。