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排序方式: 共有393条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
H Sanui T M Redmond S Kotake B Wiggert T Tanaka G J Chader I Gery 《Current eye research》1990,9(2):193-199
Monkeys immunized with bovine IRBP-derived synthetic peptides R4 (sequence 1158-1180) or R14 (1169-1191) developed EAU which was detected by both clinical and histological examinations. The inflammation localized mainly in the choroid, with only minor changes being noticed in the adjacent retinal tissue. EAU developed in only one of the two monkeys immunized with each of the peptides and the animals with disease also showed higher levels of cellular immunity toward the immunizing peptide than did the monkeys with no disease. The cellular immune responses, measured by the lymphocyte proliferation assay, were specific toward the immunizing peptides, with no cross responsiveness to whole IRBP. This finding suggests that the two uveitogenic peptides were non-immunodominant in the tested monkeys. In contrast, peptide R14 is highly immunodominant in the Lewis rat. Also, the fine specificity of the monkey response to R14 differed from that of the Lewis rat. The possible genetic control of the monkey susceptibility to EAU induction by the peptides is discussed and the unique finding of an autoimmune disease induction by a non-immunodominant peptide is underscored. 相似文献
2.
Graham C Scanlon Mark S Wallace J Sorin Ispirescu Gery Schulteis 《Journal of investigative medicine》2006,54(5):238-244
BACKGROUND: Intradermal capsaicin is a human pain model that produces reliable pain and sensitization. This model facilitates controlled testing of analgesic efficacy via a crossover design while minimizing confounding variables in clinical pain states and retaining sufficient power with small samples. METHODS: To determine the lowest dose of capsaicin that produces consistent neurosensory measures, we administered 0.1, 1, 10, or 100 microg to healthy volunteers in a blinded manner (N = 19). Pain scores were recorded at 0, 5, 10, 15, and 60 minutes on a visual analog scale from 0 to 100. Areas and intensities of mechanical allodynia (foam brush stimulus) and pinprick hyperalgesia (von Frey test) were quantified at 15 and 60 minutes, as were flare areas. RESULTS: Capsaicin produced dose-dependent increases in spontaneous pain (p = .013), the area and intensity of mechanical allodynia (p = .006 and p < .001, respectively), the area and intensity of pinprick hyperalgesia (p = .010 and p = .014, respectively), and the flare area (p = .010). The 10 microg dose produced greater spontaneous pain than the 1 microg dose (p = .017). The 100 microg dose produced greater spontaneous pain than the 10 microg, but the difference was not statistically significant. CONCLUSION: The 10 and 100 microg capsaicin doses produced robust pain measures across a range of modalities, and lower doses produced minimal effects. Whereas most studies use 100 microg, using a lower dose is reasonable and may facilitate detection of subtle analgesic effects--particularly with nonopioid analgesics--and drugs can be tested in lower doses, minimizing adverse side effects. 相似文献
3.
The relationship between lymphocyte transformation and immune responses. II. Correlations between transformation and humoral and cellular immune responses 下载免费PDF全文
Rabbits were immunized against purified proteins, tissue extracts or sheep erythrocytes, with or without Freund's adjuvant. Skin reactions of the delayed type were found only in animals given antigen with adjuvant, although all rabbits developed serum antibodies and most of them Arthus type reactions. Lymphocytes of all animals, however, showed similar transformation activity when cultured with the immunizing antigen.
Thus the blast transformation phenomenon correlates well with both cellular and humoral immune responses and not with the delayed type hypersensitivity only.
相似文献4.
Draining lymph nodes from mice which had been stimulated with bacterial adjuvants or the skin sensitizing agent, oxazolone, showed a marked increase in cell content, presumably due to lymphocyte immigration. A surprisingly large proportion of these cells exhibit properties of B lymphocytes: the presence of surface Ig, lack of Thy-1-like antigen and responsiveness to lopopolysaccharide (LPS). The relationship between the presence of surface markerand responses to class-specific mitogens, of cells from the stimulated nodes, was established by testing fractionated lymphocyte populations. Enriched T cells did not react to LPS, whereas removal of cells with Thy-1 antigen by specific antisera eliminated the reactions to T mitogens but had little or no effect on the LPS response. The data thus suggest that B cells, which make up a small portion of the circulating lymphocyte pool, are selectively accumulated in lymph nodes stimulated by different immunogens, including T-specific stimulants. This interpretation contradicts the generally accepted assumption, that stimulat lymph nodes trap mostly T lymphocytes. 相似文献
5.
Subpopulations of mouse spleen lymphocytes. II. Immunological reactivity of spleen cells fractionated on BSA density gradients. 下载免费PDF全文
We found in previous experiments that fractionation of non-immune mouse spleen cells on bovine serum albumin density gradients yields two subpopulations of T cells, one of high, the other of low density. Both subopopulations could be stimulated in corporate thymidine by the T cell-specific mitogen concanavalin A (con A). In the present investigation, spleen cells of mice immunized to sheep red cells (SRC) were similarly fractionated and the fractions recovered were assayed for: (a) reactivity to con A; (B) REACTIVITY TO SRC and (c) capacity to function as helper cells when stimulated with the homologous (SRC) or with a heterologous (donkey red cells) (DRC) antigen. Two subpopulations of cells reacting to con A were found in the spleens of the primed mice, corresponding to the subpopulations found in the non-immune mice. Both subpopulations contained cells responding to SRC (as measured by thymidine incorporation) and cells endowed with helper activity. The two subpopulations appeared to differ, however, in their specificity: while the denser cells could only exert their helper effect when stimulated by the specific antigen, the light cells could be effectively stimulated by both the specific (SRC) and the nonspecific (DRC) antigen. 相似文献
6.
Cyclosporin A: alterations of the cellular immune response in S-antigen-induced experimental autoimmune uveitis 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
R B Nussenblatt M Salinas-Carmona B H Waksman I Gery 《International archives of allergy and applied immunology》1983,70(4):289-294
We have previously shown that Cyclosporin A (CsA) is effective in preventing S-antigen (S-Ag)-induced experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU). Lewis rats, which readily develop EAU, were studied for the alterations in cell-mediated immune functions associated with CsA therapy. Lymph nodes draining the site of S-Ag immunization were significantly smaller in the CsA-treated animals when compared to the nonprotected group (p less than 0.01), and also showed profound histologic alterations when compared to controls. In vitro responses of lymphocytes from lymph node and peripheral blood were greatly diminished in the CsA-treated animals. Sera from rats treated with CsA also were capable of inhibiting in vitro proliferative responses. These findings demonstrate that CsA-treated Lewis rats have alterations in several cell-mediated immune functions, thereby not permitting full development of the immune events that ultimately lead to uveitis. 相似文献
7.
The central nucleus of the amygdala is a CRF-containing limbic brain site which mediates both fear-like and avoidance behaviors, and intra-amygdala administration of a CRF antagonist blocks the increase in anxiogenic-like behavior characteristic of ethanol withdrawal. In order to evaluate the role of brain CRF in negative motivational states associated with other classes of abused drugs, the present studies examined the effects of suppression of amygdala CRF systems on the characteristic aversive state of precipitated withdrawal in morphine-dependent subjects. In a place conditioning paradigm, administration of a CRF antagonist, alpha-belical CRF (9-41) [250ng], bilaterally into the central nucleus of amygdala, reversed the withdrawal-induced conditioned place aversion produced by injection of the opiate antagonist, methylnaloxonium [500ng], into the same site. In a conditioned operant suppression paradigm, impairment of CRF neurons by immuno-targeted toxins administered into the central nucleus of amygdala, one month prior to testing, attenuated the decrease in response rate produced by exposure to distinctive sensory cues associated previously with systemic administration of naloxone [25μg/kg s.c.] in morphine-dependent subjects. These results indicate that suppression of intra-amygdala CRF systems weakens the aversive stimulus properties of conditioned opiate withdrawal, and suggest a general role for CRF in coordinating behavioral responses to negative motivational effects of drug withdrawal. 相似文献
8.
9.
Rationale: Non-dependent and dependent opiate users appear to be driven by two distinct motivational factors: the primary reinforcing
properties of the drug, and the negative reinforcing effects associated with relieving the negative affective component of
opiate withdrawal in the dependent state. Objective: To investigate the motivational significance of opioid dependence on heroin self-administration (HSA) in rodents. Methods: Rats were trained to self-administer heroin intravenously (0.06 mg/kg per infusion; FR1), and opiate dependence was induced
by subcutaneous implantation of two morphine (75 mg base) pellets.Rats in a non-dependent control group received placebo pellets.
Three days after pellet implantation, HSA was resumed in daily 3-h sessions until baseline criteria were met and testing was
conducted with subcutaneous injections of vehicle or naloxone (0, 0.003, 0.01, 0.03 mg/kg) 115 min into the session. Results: Morphine-dependent rats significantly increased HSA upon 0.01 mg/kg naloxone treatment, but decreased response rates at 0.03
mg/kg. Placebo pellet-implanted rats increased heroin intake at the 0.01 and 0.03 mg/kg doses. In a second experiment, the
HSA session was shortened to 1 h and the training dose reduced to 0.03 mg/kg per infusion in new groups of animals. HSA in
placebo pellet-implanted rats was increased only following the highest dose of the antagonist, while dependent rats were still
affected by naloxone doses of 0.003–0.03 mg/kg. When subjected to a progressive-ratio schedule (experiment 3), breaking point
values in dependent animals were 198% above baseline. Conclusions: The present study supports the hypothesis that dependence-induction by morphine-pellet implant in rats resulted in increased
sensitivity to very small naloxone doses, as measured by changes in HSA. Taken together, these data suggest that opiate dependence,
as measured by changes in sensitivity to naloxone, is a continuum which can contribute to the motivational state of drug-seeking.
Received: 5 June 1998 / Final version: 21 December 1998 相似文献
10.
A new methodological approach to adjust alcohol exposure distributions to improve the estimation of alcohol‐attributable fractions 下载免费PDF全文