In 17 prostatic cancer patients, changes in the plasma lipoprotein pattern, including high density lipoprotein (HDL) subfractions, and in glucose tolerance were compared after 6 months on parenteral polyestradiol phosphate (PEP; Estradurin, 80 or 160 mg/month) with the respective changes in orchiectomized patients. In the estrogen group there was no change in the total serum cholesterol level, whereas in the orchiectomy group an increase of 10% was observed. Estrogen therapy resulted in a significant increase of serum HDL (11%) and HDL2 cholesterol (26%) levels; in the orchiectomy group these fractions remained unchanged. Estrogen therapy induced a significant decrease in total serum triglycerides (24%) and in low density lipoprotein triglycerides (27%); in the orchiectomy group reverse changes were observed. PEP treatment caused changes in the serum lipoprotein pattern, which apparently decreases the risk of atherosclerosis. 相似文献
Background: Acetaminophen (paracetamol) is widely used for postoperative analgesia. Its mechanism of action is inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis in the central nervous system, and acetaminophen is traditionally not considered to influence platelet function. The authors studied the dose-dependent inhibition of platelet function by acetaminophen in healthy volunteers.
Methods: Thirteen healthy male volunteers (aged 19-26 yr) were given placebo or 15, 22.5, or 30 mg/kg acetaminophen intravenously in a double-blind, crossover study. Ten and 90 min after infusion, platelet function was assessed by photometric aggregometry and by measuring release of thromboxane B2, analgesia by cold pressor test, and plasma acetaminophen concentrations by high-performance liquid chromatography.
Results: When triggered with 500 [mu]m arachidonic acid, median platelet aggregation (area under the curve) was 25.7, 22.8, 4.1, or 3.6 x 103 area units (P < 0.001) 10 min after placebo or 15, 22.5, or 30 mg/kg acetaminophen, respectively. An increasing concentration of arachidonic acid attenuated the antiaggregatory effect. After 90 min, platelet function was recovering. Release of thromboxane B2 was also dose-dependently inhibited by acetaminophen. Although plasma concentration of acetaminophen increased linearly with the dose, no analgesic effect was detected in the cold pressor test. 相似文献
Movement control dysfunction [MCD] reduces active control of movements. Patients with MCD might form an important subgroup
among patients with non specific low back pain. The diagnosis is based on the observation of active movements. Although widely
used clinically, only a few studies have been performed to determine the test reliability. The aim of this study was to determine
the inter- and intra-observer reliability of movement control dysfunction tests of the lumbar spine. 相似文献
In the periphery, B cells differentiate in germinal centres (GCs) of secondary lymphoid organs. Isolated GC cells die quickly in vitro by apoptosis. Therefore, cell lines originating from follicular lymphomas, which are the malignant counterparts of GC B cells, would provide a stable in vitro model to study the immunobiology of GC B cells. We have established three novel human follicular lymphoma cell lines that were characterized with special reference to immunophenotypic features, response to B-cell receptor (BCR) triggering, response to cytokines and cytokine mRNA expression. One of the cell lines, HF-1A3, has a phenotype of a centrocyte. It expresses surface immunoglobulin G (sIgG) and dies by apoptosis following BCR cross-linking. Co-stimulation with interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-15 or interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) rescues HF-1A3 cells from BCR-induced apoptosis. The second cell line, HF-28, also represents phenotypically an IgG+ centrocyte. Ligation of its BCR leads to the cell-cycle arrest at G1 instead of apoptosis. HF-28 cells express both CD45RA and RO isoforms, which is unusual in B lymphocytes apart from plasma cells, thus suggesting a transition to plasma cell phenotype. The third cell line, HF-4.9, which phenotypically represents an sIgM+ centroblast, responds by proliferation to BCR cross-linking. These cell lines offer a unique in vitro model to study antigenic selection and cytokine-mediated growth regulation of human GC B cells. 相似文献
Seventeen monoclonal anti-2-phenyloxazolone antibodies from the early (day 7) primary response were partially sequenced with an mRNA method. Ten antibodies expressed the VH-Ox1 gene. The remaining seven express at least four but probably six different germ-line VH genes belonging to Dildrop's groups 1, 5, 6 and 7 (Immunol. Today 1984. 5: 85). Two of them have been met before in other antibodies, one (group 6) in J606 and the other (group 7) in antibodies to the influenza virus hemagglutinin. Eleven kappa chains were partially sequenced and five of them (all VH-Ox1 antibodies) express the V kappa-Ox1 gene. One expresses another germ-line gene of the V kappa-Ox1 family, one the V kappa 89.4 gene, three the V kappa 45.1 gene and one a new V kappa gene. The V kappa 45.1 gene was found to form anti-phOx antibodies with two new VH genes. The frequency of somatic mutations in day 7 antibodies was estimated by comparing germ-line sequences and antibody sequences. It is low (one mutation per 2500 nucleotides sequenced), twenty times lower than in antibodies obtained a week later. Two anti-idiotype antisera (495 and 260) are useful in the typing of monoclonal antibodies. 260 bound only to antibodies coded by both VH-Ox1 and V kappa-Ox1 genes. 495 bound strongly to antibodies coded by the VH-Ox1 gene and weakly to antibodies coded by the (related) VH101 gene regardless of the light chain partner. 相似文献
The purpose of this study was to assess if chronic low back pain patients have impaired paraspinal muscle O2 turnover and endurance capacity as compared to healthy control subjects during dynamic exercise. Middle-aged healthy male subjects (n = 12, control) and male patients with chronic low back pain (n = 17, CLBP) participated in the study. L4–L5 level paraspinal muscle fatigue was objectively assessed during earlier validated 90 s dynamic back endurance test (spectral EMG, MPFslope). Also EMG amplitude (EMGamplitude) and initial MPF (MPFinitial) were assessed from the initial 5 s of the endurance contraction. Simultaneously near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) was used for quantitative measurement of local L4–L5 paraspinal muscle O2 consumption. Subcutaneous tissue thickness (ATT) was measured from the EMG and NIRS recording sites. The results indicated that control and CLBP groups were compatible as regarding anthropometric variables, paraspinal muscle activation levels (EMGamplitude), initial MPF (MPFinitial) and ATT. When the ATT was used as a covariate in the ANOVA analysis, CLBP group did not show significantly greater paraspinal muscle fatigability (right MPFslope – 12.2 ± 10.7%/min, left right MPFslope – 12.6 ± 13.3%/min) or O2 consumption (right NIRSslope – 52.8 ± 79.6 μM/l/s) as compared to healthy controls (right MPFslope – 11.9 ± 7.6%/min, left MPFslope – 12.7 ± 8.6%/min, right NIRSslope – 53.7 ± 95.2 μM/l/s). As a conclusion, these CLBP male patients did not show any impaired rate of paraspinal muscle oxygen consumption or excessive paraspinal muscle fatigability during dynamic exercise as compared with healthy controls. Subcutaneous tissue thickness has a strong influence on the NIRS and EMG amplitude measurements and, if unchecked, it could result in the false interpretation of the results. 相似文献
Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Agona was not frequently encountered in Finland until an increase in rates of isolation among animal and feed was seen in 1994. A small outbreak among cattle farms in the regions of Oulu and Vaasa in northwestern Finland in 1994-1995 included eight farms. After the outbreak, an increase in the number of serovar Agona infections in humans was seen in 1999: the number of annual microbiologically confirmed cases in humans increased from about 10 from 1990 to 1998 to 84 in 1999, including an outbreak in which more than 50 people were infected. To gather epidemiological data on serovar Agona and to trace the origin of the human infections, 110 serovar Agona isolates isolated from animal, feed, and other sources as well as from humans with cases of salmonellosis of domestic and foreign origin, which were recovered from 1984 to 1999, were analyzed for their pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), plasmid, and IS200 profiles and antibiograms. Of these typing methods, PFGE with restriction endonucleases XbaI, BlnI, NotI, and SpeI was the most useful. The PFGE profile of the strain causing an outbreak among cattle in Finland in 1994-1995 was not seen previously. The strain with this profile was later only sporadically found in human infections. The profile of the strain causing the human outbreak in 1999 was not found among isolates from cattle or any other sources. Molecular typing was valuable in showing that although the outbreaks in cattle and humans seemed to be related regionally, they were not related otherwise. 相似文献
Nanobacteria were recently isolated from human blood and commercial fetal bovine serum (FBS) and were located in the -2 subgroup of proteobacteria based upon their 16S rRNA gene sequence. They can be cultured even in the absence of mammalian cells, and have extraordinary properties, like very slow growth rate and an impermeable cell wall, making their detection difficult by standard microbiological techniques. Since they are present in FBS, and thus in cell cultures, it is essential to clarify their effects on cultured mammalian cells. In this study, we show that four out of six nanobacterial isolates from different sera exerted a cytotoxic effect on 3T6 fibroblasts verified by MTT [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide] viability assay, lactate dehygrogenase (LDH) release and by direct microscopy. The cytotoxic effect of nanobacteria was attenuated after they had been subcultured several times. The cytotoxic effect was similar with all tested murine and human fibroblastoid cell lines. Differential interference contrast and electron microscopy, and FITC staining with specific monoclonal antibodies indicated selective, possibly receptor-mediated adherence, followed by internalization and cytotoxicity in the 3T6 fibroblasts used as a model in these interaction studies. Thus, nanobacteria have a special way of invading mammalian cells: they trigger cells that are not normally phagocytic to engulf them. These organisms seem to be an important cause for cell vacuolization, poor thriving and unexpected cell lysis, problems frequently encountered in mammalian cell culture. 相似文献