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1.
Objectives: The steeling effect suggests that early-life adversity can have a beneficial impact later in life. However, little is known about its underlying mechanisms and long-term outcomes . The study aimed to examine the role of early-life adversity (ELA) on successful aging, and whether this relationship can be explained by mental and physical health.

Method: Socio-demographics, early-life adversity (ELA), individual quality of life (iQoL), and mental and physical health of 270 individuals (Mage = 66.82 years, 71.5% female) were assessed. Polynomial regressions and mediation analyses were conducted.

Results: Significant inverse U-shaped associations were found between ELA and iQoL (β = ?.59, p = .005) and between ELA and mental health (β = ?.64, p = .002), but not between ELA and physical health. Furthermore, mental health significantly mediated the relationship between ELA and iQoL (b = ?.84, BCa CI [?1.66, ?.27]).

Conclusion: Highest level of individual quality of life (i.e. successful aging) was related to a moderate amount of ELA. Additionally, mental health significantly mediated this relationship. These findings suggest that some amount of ELA could be beneficial for successful aging. Resource-focused interventions are needed to improve health and promote successful aging for an underdetected, at-risk subgroup with low early-life adversity.  相似文献   

2.
Patients with multiple system atrophy (MSA) present large changes in blood pressure (BP) due to autonomic disturbances. We analyzed how this change may influence dynamic cerebral autoregulation (DCA). Simultaneous recordings of arterial BP (Finapres) and middle cerebral artery (MCA) blood flow velocity (BFV) (transcranial Doppler) were performed in 10 patients with MSA (61 +/- 12 yr of age) and 12 healthy volunteers (61 +/- 11 yr of age): cerebral BFV response to oscillations in mean BP was studied in the supine position by cross-spectral analysis of mean BP and mean MCA BFV. The DCA was also studied during the decrease in BP the first seconds when standing up from a sitting position by the assessment of the cerebrovascular resistance index (CR; mean BP/mean MCA BFV ratio). The MCA BFV/BP cross-spectral analysis showed a phase for the mid-frequency band (0.07-0.2 Hz) significantly larger in MSA, suggesting more active autoregulation in response to larger changes in BP. Changes in CR reflecting the rate of autoregulation, when standing did not differ between the two groups. These data suggest that dynamic cerebral autoregulation is preserved in MSA.  相似文献   
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The anticholinergic effect of atropine, imipramine, clomipramine and metapramine was evaluated on oxotremorine induced trembling in the mouse as well as on contractions of the isolated guinea pig ileum induced by electrical stimulation of the mesenteric plexus. The ED 50 and IC 50 which expressed the anticholinergic activity of these substances, were found to be identifically distributed for both methods. Activity, in decreasing order was found to be: atropine much greater than imipramine greater than clomipramine greater than metapramine. There was a good correlation between results from the two methods (r = 0.97). The method using the stimulated guinea pig ileum would therefore seem suitable for characterisation of potential anticholinergic activity of a molecule.  相似文献   
5.
OBJECTIVE: Sleeve lobectomy is a widely accepted procedure for central tumors for which the alternative is pneumonectomy. The purpose of this study is to assess operative mortality, morbidity, and long-term results of sleeve lobectomies performed for non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC). METHODS: A retrospective review of 218 patients who underwent sleeve lobectomy for NSCLC between 1981 and 2005 was undertaken. There were 186 (85%) men and 32 women with a mean age of 61.9 years (range, 19-82 years). Eighty patients (36.6%) had a preoperative contraindication to pneumonectomy. Right upper lobectomy was the most common operation (45.4%). Vascular sleeve resection was performed in 28 patients (12.8%) and was commonly associated with left upper lobectomy (n=20; 9.1%; p=0.0001). The histologic type was predominantly squamous cell carcinoma (n=164; 75%), followed by adenocarcinoma (n=46; 21%). Resection was incomplete in nine (4.1%) patients. RESULTS: There were nine operative deaths; the operative mortality and the morbidity rates were 4.1% and 22.9%, respectively. A total of 14 (6.4%) patients presented with bronchial anastomotic complications: two were fatal postoperatively, seven patients required reoperation, three required a stent insertion, and two were managed conservatively. Multivariate analysis showed that compromised patients (p=0.001), current smoking (p=0.01), right sided resections (p=0.003), bilobectomy (p=0.03), squamous cell carcinoma (p=0.03), and presence of N1 or N2 disease (p=0.01) were risk factors for mortality and morbidity. Follow-up was complete in 208 patients (95.4%). Overall 5-year and 10-year survival rates were 53% and 28.6%, respectively. After complete resection, recurrence was local in 10 patients, mediastinal in 20, and distant in 25. By multivariate analysis, two factors significantly and independently influenced survival: nodal status (N0-N1 vs N2; p=0.01) and the stage of the lung cancer (stage I-II vs III, p=0.02). CONCLUSIONS: For patients with NSCLC, sleeve lobectomy achieves local tumor control, even in patients with preoperative contraindication to pneumonectomy and is associated with low mortality and bronchial anastomotic complication rates. Postoperative complications are higher in compromised patients, smokers, N disease, right sided resections, bilobectomies, and squamous cell cancers. The presence of N2 disease and stage III significantly worsen the prognosis.  相似文献   
6.
BACKGROUND: Abnormal glucose tolerance is a frequent co-morbidity in cystic fibrosis patients (CF), and is associated with a worse prognosis. The objectives are to investigate (a) the relative contribution of insulinopenia and insulin resistance (IR) for glucose tolerance and (b) the association between various glucose parameters and CF clinical status. METHODS: Oral glucose tolerance tests were performed in 114 consecutive CF patients not known to be diabetic as well as 14 controls similar for age and BMI. RESULTS: Abnormal glucose tolerance was found in 40% of patients with CF: 28% had impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and 12% had new cystic fibrosis related diabetes (CFRD). Compared to control subjects, all CF patients were characterized by an increased glucose excursion (AUC). While reduced early insulin release characterised CF, IGT and CFRD patients also present IR thus both mechanisms significantly contribute to glucose tolerance abnormalities. Increased glucose AUC and reduced early insulin release but not glucose tolerance categories were associated with a reduced pulmonary function (FEV(1)). CONCLUSION: In CF, early insulin secretion defect but also IR contribute to glucose intolerance. Early in the course of the disease, increased glucose AUC and reduced early insulin secretion are more closely associated with a worse clinical status than conventional glucose tolerance categories.  相似文献   
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Results of three therapeutic modalities used for the treatment of a homogeneous series of patients with a Pouteau Colles fracture are analyzed. Orthopedic treatment provided deceiving results. Pinning was, on the contrary, very effective, intrafocal pinning with immediate mobilization of the wrist appearing perfectly effective. Few complications were reported in contrast to plastered immobilizations. Good results were obtained in 80% of cases and functional recovery was rapid, indicating that this method represents undoubted progress when compared with conventional therapies.  相似文献   
9.
In the 12-day-old rat cochlea, the synthesis of inositol phosphates (IPs) can be activated via M3 cholinoceptors. This stimulation is blocked by ototoxins (mercury, ethacrynate, cisplatin, neomycin), drugs with side effects that lead to damage of hair cells and strial cells. As these toxic effects can be reversed in vivo by thiol molecules, we investigated whether modifications of thiol compounds could be involved in ototoxin-induced inhibition of the IP turnover in the cochlea. For this purpose, we assessed whether the sulphhydryl-modifying reagents N -ethylmaleimide and cadmium modify the carbachol-stimulated formation of IPs in the 12-day-old rat cochlea. Both molecules inhibit the carbachol effect on a dose-dependent way without altering the basal metabolism of IPs. As cadmium may block some calcium channels, the effect of verapamil, another calcium channel antagonist, was tested. Verapamil (1 –50 μM) does not alter carbachol-evoked IP formation, suggesting that the inhibitory effect of cadmium is not due to a calcium influx block. Binding experiments with the muscarinic ligand quinuclidinyl benzylate (QNB) showed that the sulphhydryl-modifying reagents do not displace QNB from binding sites. Combining ototoxins and reagents shows that N -ethylmaleimide acts synergistically with all ototoxins but ethacrynate while cadmium does so only with mercury. Both N -ethylmaleimide and cadmium have additive effects with ethacrynate. As a supplement, disulphide bond-modifying agents do not alter the carbachol-enhanced metabolism of IPs. These results suggest that molecules having thiol-modifying properties inhibit the carbachol-induced turnover of IPs without acting at the muscarinic sites. Since thiol modifiers and ethacrynate share similar features in both QNB binding and IP response it is hypothesized that they strike common targets, possibly G proteins.  相似文献   
10.
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