健脾消癌方通过PI3K/Akt信号通路抑制结肠癌血管生成的研究＊

目的 观察结肠癌HCT116细胞健脾消癌方的条件培养液对HUVEC细胞管腔形成的影响，从PI3K/Akt生物轴调控角度探讨其作用机制。方法 培养HCT116细胞，细胞设3组：对照组，健脾消癌方组（加入15%健脾消癌方含药血清）及人参皂苷Rg3组；制备HCT116细胞健脾消癌方条件培养液（分组及制备方法见实验方法），用条件培养液干预HUVEC（脐静脉内皮细胞，Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells），Matrigel基质胶法检测HCT116细胞健脾消癌方条件培养液对HUVEC小管形成的影响。随后采用蛋白免疫印迹法（Western blot）检测各组HCT116细胞磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶（PI3K）、蛋白激酶B（Akt）、p-Akt、VEGF（血管内皮生长因子，Vascular endothelial growth factor）蛋白表达。最后在结肠癌HCT116荷瘤小鼠中验证健脾消癌方对肿瘤生长速度的影响，并经瘤组织VEGF蛋白表达、CD31免疫组化染色检测肿瘤内血管生成情况。结果 模型组HUVEC细胞管腔形成较空白血清组显著增加（P<0.05）；健脾消癌方组及人参皂苷Rg3组较模型组HUVEC细胞管腔形成显著减少（P<0.01）。p-Akt和VEGF蛋白表达水平模型组高于空白血清组（P<0.05），健脾消癌方组及人参皂苷Rg3组显著低于模型组（P<0.01）；PI3K、Akt蛋白表达量组间差异无统计学意义。与对照组比较，模型组荷瘤小鼠肿瘤体积显著性增大，瘤组织内VEGF表达、CD31阳性面积显著性增加，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）；与模型组比较，健脾消癌方组及人参皂苷Rg3组荷瘤小鼠肿瘤体积显著减小，瘤组织内VEGF表达、CD31阳性面积降低，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论 健脾消癌方可抑制肿瘤的血管生成和生长，其作用机制可能与PI3K/Akt生物轴调控VEGF表达有关。     

Venetoclax alone or in combination with other regimens treatment achieve deep and sustained remission of relapsed/refractory chronic lymphocytic leukemia: a meta-analysis

Clinical and Experimental Medicine - Recently, the use of novel targeted drugs significantly improved the overall response rate (ORR) and survival of patients with relapsed/refractory chronic...     

A KRT1 gene mutation related to epidermolytic ichthyosis in a Chinese family

We report a Chinese family with members affected by epidermolytic ichthyosis (EI), caused by KRT gene mutations. The proband was a 14‐year‐old boy who had simultaneous appearance of nephroblastoma and epidermolytic ichthyosis (EI). Both the patient and his mother exhibited the specific clinical and pathological manifestations of EI. We analysed all exons and flanking sequences of the KRT1 and KRT10 genes using PCR, and found that the proband and his mother had a G>C transition at nucleotide position 1432 in exon 7 of KRT1, resulting in an amino acid substitution of glutamate (GAA) to glutamine (CAA) at codon 478 (E478Q). The KRT10 gene had no mutations.     

Uncertainty evaluation at three spatial scales for the NDVI-based VWC estimation method used in the SMAP algorithm

Vegetation water content (VWC) is the key input parameter for a soil moisture retrieval algorithm based on microwave remote sensing, and VWC uncertainty can limit the estimated accuracy of soil moisture. There has been little research on VWC algorithm development and validation in China, and the uncertainty of the VWC estimation method has not been well evaluated. Therefore, the aim of this study is to evaluate the uncertainty of the VWC estimation method used in the SMAP (Soil Moisture Active Passive) algorithm on three spatial scales (the point-scale, 30 m scale, and 1 km scale) for maize in northeast China. Results from three ground experimental datasets showed that the SMAP VWC estimation method was strongly biased with an average overestimation of 1.16 kg m^?2,1.04 kg m^?2, and 1.13 kg m^?2 for the point-scale, 30 m scale, and 1 km scale respectively, and maximum bias occurred in the mid-stage of maize. Also, a new power relationship between NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) and VWC was proposed for the 30 m scale based on Sentinel 2 NDVI and field VWC values from 2017 experiment, with respective R² (coefficient of determination) and Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE) values of 0.80 and 0.67 kg m^?2. The results confirmed that this power relationship was still suitable for VWC estimation at the 1 km scale, and it has smaller bias than the original SMAP VWC method. Future work will be carried out to evaluate the applicability of this VWC estimation method over a lager region. It is expected that it can improve the accuracy of soil moisture by providing high precision VWC input parameters.     

Outcomes and risk management in type B aortic dissection patients with acute kidney injury: a concise review

PurposeType B aortic dissection is a rare but life-threatening disease. Thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) was widely used for Type B aortic dissection patients in the last decade due to the lower mortality and morbidity compared with open chest surgical repair (OCSR). AKI in type B aortic dissection is a well-recognized complication and indicates poor short-term and long-term outcome. The objective of this concise review was to identify the risk factors and the impact of AKI on type B aortic dissection patients.Methods and resultsA literature search was performed using PubMed, Embase, MEDLINE, and Cochrane Library with the search terms ‘type B aortic dissection’ and ‘acute kidney injury’ (AKI), and all English-language literatures published in print or available online from inception through August 2020 were thoroughly reviewed. Studies that reported relative AKI risks and outcomes in type B aortic dissection patient were included. Major mechanisms of AKI in type B aortic dissection included renal hypoperfusion, inflammation response, and the use of contrast medium. Type B aortic dissection patients with AKI significantly had increased hospital stay duration, need of renal replacement therapy, and 30-d and 1-year mortality.ConclusionsAKI in type B aortic dissection is a well-recognized complication and associated with poor short-term and long-term outcome. Early identification of high-risk patients, early diagnosis of AKI, stabilization of the hemodynamic parameters, avoidance of nephrotoxic drugs, and optimization of the use of contrast agents are the major strategies for the reduction of AKI in type B aortic dissection patients.     

ELAM-1在鼻咽癌裸鼠移植瘤中的表达及其与转移的关系

目的 建立裸鼠鼻咽癌转移模型并探讨 E-选择素（ELAM-1）与鼻咽癌转移的相关性。方法 将鼻咽癌5-8F细胞悬液注射于裸鼠左后肢爪垫，观察裸鼠状态、成瘤情况并测量裸鼠体重及移植瘤长短径；采用连续病理切片苏木精-伊红染色观察移植瘤及转移情况，将16只人鼻咽癌荷瘤裸鼠分为转移组和非转移组；采用免疫组织化学法检测两组移植瘤组织中ELAM-1的表达。 结果 16只裸鼠均成瘤，成瘤率为100.0%，其中10只裸鼠出现转移瘤，转移率为62.5%。建模前，两组裸鼠体重差异无统计学意义［（13.83±0.56）g vs （14.62±0.30） g，t=1.026，P=0.071］。建模后4~7周，裸鼠瘤体体积呈指数增长，且转移组移植瘤增长速度较非转移组快，非转移组裸鼠瘤体体积小于转移组［（198.91 ± 163.29） mm³ vs （268.76 ±174.31） mm³，t=4.376，P=0.005］。ELAM-1在鼻咽癌裸鼠移植瘤、淋巴结转移灶及远处转移灶中的表达均为阳性，主要表达于细胞膜。转移组移植瘤光密度值高于非转移组（0.4497±0.0705 vs 0.0435±0.0082，t=4.388，P＝0.001）。结论 本研究成功构建稳定性好、转移率高的鼻咽癌裸鼠移植瘤转移模型，且ELAM-1在裸鼠移植瘤中高表达，可促进鼻咽癌裸鼠移植瘤生长和转移。     

起搏治疗遗传性长QT间期综合征23例

目的:评价VVI起搏治疗遗传性长QT综合征的疗效. 方法:对23例有尖端扭转性室速发作,且经正规药物治疗无效或无法耐受的遗传性长QT综合征患者,植入了VVI起搏器.随访这23例患者术后心电图及心脏事件发生率. 结果:QT间期平均值由术前(638.0±55.7)ms缩短至术后的(471.3±48.9)ms,QTc平均值为由0.627±0.07缩短至0.519±0.06.心脏事件的发生率由术前的(0.353±0.46)次/年降至术后(0.111±0.24)次/年,(P=0.039).其中77.5%的患者随访期间无晕厥或猝死等心脏事件发生.90.91%患者存活.2例患者因尖端扭转性室速恶化为室颤抢救无效死亡. 结论:VVI起搏治疗可以有效地减少长QT综合征患者恶性心律失常的发生,是治疗长QT综合征的重要方法之一.