The value of pulse wave velocity in the diagnosis of coronary heart disease

Objective: Using receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve to evaluate the value of pulse wave velocity (PWV) in the diagnosis of coronary heart disease (CHD). Methods: By using coronary angiography as golden diagnostic standard of CHD, 218 patients were divided into both CHD group (n=121) and non-CHD group (n = 97). All these patients received PWV test. The efficacy of PWV of each artery segments in the diagnosis of CHD was evaluated by ROC curve. The sensitivity and specificity were calculated with the golden diagnostic standard of CHD. Results:The PWV of right carotid to femoral artery (Rc-f), left carotid to femoral artery (Lc-f), right radial to carotid artery (Rc-r), left radial to carotid artery (Lc-r) in CHD group were significantly higher than that of non-CHD group (9. 31±1. 75 vs 7.60±1.59, P<0. 01; 9. 02±1.71 vs 7. 52±1.50, P<0. 01; 8. 69±1. 37 vs 8. 00±1. 27, P<0. 01; 8.52±1. 03 vs 8. 03±1. 2, P<0. 01 respectively). However, the PWV of both right and left femoral to ankle artery (Rf-a and Lf-a) had no significant differences between the two groups. We then compared the area under curve (AUC) of each ROC(AUCROC) of PWV of Rc-f, Lc-f Rc-r and Lc-r to evaluate their diagnostic efficacy for CHD. We found that AUCROC of Rc-f PWV was the biggest (AUCROC = 0. 818), at the peak point of its ROC curve, the PWV was 8. 32 m/s. PWV>8. 32 m/s of Rc-f could predict the presence of CHD with a sensitivity of 79% and specificity of 77%. Conclusion: The PWV of Rc-f, Lc-f, Rc-r, Lc-r are significantly higher in CHD group than that in non-CHD group, and PWV of Rc-f is the most accurate in the detection of CHD. The PWV>8. 32 m/s of RC-F is a valuable predictor of CHD.     

主动脉脉搏波传导速度升高与冠心病发病的相关性

目的:探讨脉搏波传导速度(PWV)对冠心病(CHD)的预测价值。方法:患者分为非CHD组(97例)和CHD组(114例)。比较2组患者CHD危险因素以及各动脉段PWV的差异,采用Logistic回归分析比较上述危险因素在CHD发病中的作用。结果:CHD组患者的性别构成、年龄、高血压、糖尿病、血脂异常、吸烟等显著多于非CHD组(P<0.05),CHD组踝肱指数显著低于非CHD组。CHD组患者的心-左右股动脉段PWV和心-左右桡动脉段PWV显著大于非CHD组(P<0.01),而左右股-踝动脉段PWV在CHD组和非CHD组差异无统计学意义。Logistic回归分析发现,患高血压、糖尿病、血脂异常、吸烟以及心-股动脉段PWV升高、踝肱指数降低等与CHD的发生显著相关(P<0.05)。结论:同高血压、糖尿病、血脂异常、吸烟一样,心-右股动脉段PWV显著增高以及踝肱指数降低也是CHD发病的危险因素。     

急性下壁心肌再梗死经 PCI 后心脏不完全破裂致假性室壁瘤1例

1 临床资料
　　患者,男性,75岁,因“持续性胸痛2 h”于2014年9月3日入本院。既往高血压病史,陈旧性下壁心肌梗死病史。2 h 前患者突然出现胸骨后压榨性疼痛,伴后背痛,呈持续性。查体：血压127/71 mm Hg,脉搏76次/min,心肺无异常。心电图：窦性心律,Ⅱ、Ⅲ、aVF 呈 QS 型,ST 段抬高0.3~0.5 mV。诊断：(1)冠心病,急性下壁心肌再梗死;(2)高血压病。给予负荷量阿司匹林、硫酸氢氯吡格雷及阿托伐他汀后,行急诊经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)。冠状动脉造影示：左主干及回旋支均可见弥散性轻度狭窄,前降支中段近30%不规则狭窄,右冠状动脉近段40%向心性狭窄,左室后侧支开口处完全闭塞。考虑左室后侧支为罪犯血管。远端血流 TIMI 0~1级,可见血栓影。用球囊 Sapphire 2.0 mm×15.0 mm 预扩张后远端血流达 TIMI 3级,出现一过性Ⅲ度房室传导阻滞,伴血压下降,最低为75/45 mm Hg,给予多巴胺静脉微泵泵入10μg·kg-1· min-1,5 min 后心律、血压恢复正常,于闭塞病变处置入支架EXCEL 3.0 mm×24.0 mm 1枚。常规给予抗凝、抗血小板及他汀类药物。第2天查房：患者无不适主诉,血压85~102/50~68 mm Hg,心率95~110次/min,查体：双肺呼吸音粗,未闻及啰音,各瓣膜听诊区未闻及病理性杂音。心电图示：Ⅱ、Ⅲ、aVF 呈 QS 型,ST 段抬高0.1~0.2 mV。超声心动图示：左室后壁基底段回声中断约1.5 cm,其后方为2.8 cm×1.6 cm 的无回声区,与左室腔相通,壁层心包连续完整,收缩期可见蓝色血由左室到无回声区,舒张期可见红色血流由无回声区到左室腔,诊断：左室后壁心脏不完全破裂,假性室壁瘤形成。立即请心外科会诊转心外科继续诊疗。超声心动图结果见图1。     

洛伐他汀对醛固酮诱导鼠心肌成纤维细胞增殖及其 iNOS-NO 系统活性的调控作用

目的：探讨洛伐他汀对醛固酮诱导心肌成纤维细胞（ CFs）增殖及诱导型一氧化氮合酶-一氧化氮（ iN-OS-NO）系统活性的调控作用。方法用胰酶消化法分离、培养新生SD大鼠CFs,采用MTT比色法、硝酸还原酶法、分光光度法和半定量RT-PCR技术,观察不同浓度洛伐他汀对CFs增殖、NO含量、iNOS活性和iNOS mRNA表达的影响。结果洛伐他汀（1×10-8～1×10-5 mol/L）能剂量依赖性抑制醛固酮诱导CFs的增殖,升高CFs的NO含量、iNOS活性及增加iNOS mRNA的表达（P均＜0．05）,甲羟戊酸（1×10-3 mol/L）、法尼酯焦磷酸（5μmol/L）可完全逆转洛伐他汀的上调作用。洛伐他汀干预下醛固酮诱导CFs的NO生成量与iNOS活性、iNOS活性与iNOS mRNA表达均呈正相关（r分别为0．826、0．752,P均＜0．01）;CFs增殖数目与NO含量呈负相关（r＝-0．908,P＜0．01）。结论洛伐他汀可上调醛固酮诱导CFs的iNOS-NO系统活性,抑制CFs增殖,并呈剂量依赖性,其作用机制可能与甲羟戊酸途径调节有关。     

脉搏波传导速度对冠心病的诊断价值

目的:探讨冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病(冠心病)患者各动脉段脉搏波传导速度的改变及其对冠心病的诊断价值。方法:根据冠状动脉造影结果将218例患者分为冠心病组(121例)和非冠心病组(97例),分别进行右侧颈-桡(RC-R)、右侧颈-股(RC-F)、右侧股-踝(RF-A)动脉段和相应左侧动脉段(LC-R、LC-F、LF-A)的脉搏波传导速度(pulsewavevelocity,PWV)检查,分析冠心病患者的PWV变化特征;以冠状动脉造影为金标准,应用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线评价不同动脉段PWV诊断冠心病的敏感度和特异度。结果:非冠心病组及冠心病组的RC-FPWV(7.60±1.59和9.31±1.75P<0.01)、LC-FPWV(7.52±1.50和9.02±1.71P<0.01)、RC-RPWV(8.00±1.27和8.69±1.37P<0.01)和LC-RPWV(8.03±1.2和8.52±1.03P     

瑞替普酶并低分子肝素用于急性心肌梗死再灌注治疗的有效性与安全性研究

目的探讨急性心肌梗死(AMI)瑞替普酶静脉溶栓并应用低分子肝素(LMWH)替代普通肝素(UFH)抗凝治疗的安全性与有效性。方法106例AMI患者经瑞替普酶静脉溶栓后,随机分为LMWH组(低分子肝素5000U皮下注射,2次/d)和静脉UFH组(普通肝素静脉泵入24h后改为低分子肝素5000U皮下注射,2次/d),1周后行冠状动脉造影及冠脉介入治疗(PCI)。观察临床再通率、血管开通率、急性期并发症、出血及不良反应的发生率。结果①LMWH组与静脉UFH组相比,临床再通率(82.1%vs78.0%)、血管开通率(78.9%vs75.0%)高,临床再通病例梗死后心绞痛发生率(8.70%vs12.8%)低,但两组之间差异无统计学意义;②LMWH组出血并发症明显低于静脉UFH组(7.14%vs18.0%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。③两组PCI后均予LMWH抗凝治疗,30d内无急性或亚急性支架内血栓形成发生。结论本研究结果提示,瑞替普酶并LMWH用于AMI再灌注治疗是安全、有效、方便的,LMWH用于PCI后抗凝治疗疗效确切。     

急性前壁心肌梗死伴心力衰竭患者急诊经皮冠状动脉介入治疗围手术期应用重组人B型钠尿肽的心肾保护效应

目的 评价急性前壁心肌梗死伴心力衰竭(AAMI-HF)患者急诊经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(pPCI)围手术期应用重组人B型钠尿肽(rhBNP)的心肾保护作用.方法 选择发病24 h内AAMI-HF患者126例,按随机数字表法分为rhBNP组(62例)和对照组(64例),均行PPCI治疗,并在常规药物治疗的基础上,分别给予持续静脉滴注rhBNP或硝酸甘油至术后24 h,监测治疗前后心率(HR)、收缩压(SBP)、B型钠尿肽(BNP)、肾小球滤过率(eGFR)、心脏功能改变,观察30 d内主要心脏不良事件(MACE)的发生率.结果 pPCI后rhBNP组HR显著下降,对照组降低不明显;两组SBP均显著下降.与给药前比较,两组pPCI后各时间点血浆BNP水平及左室射血分数(LVEF)、左室舒张期末内径(LVEDD)均明显改善,且rhBNP组优于对照组[BNP(ng/L)pPCI后30 h:303.5±128.4比354.0±133.6,pPCI后14 d:157.8±78.6比201.1±91.7;LVEF pPCI后1 d:0.420±0.052比0.378±0.055,pPCI后14 d:0.444±0.050比0.393±0.055,pPCI后30 d:0.469±0.053比0.413±0.052;LVEDD(mm)pPCI后1 d:53.5±4.4比57.6±4.4,pPCI后14 d:49.6±5.1比53.4±4.6,pPCI后30 d:46.5±4.4比50.2±4.8,P＜0.05或P＜0.01].两组pPCI后1 deGFR均出现下降,rhBNP组pPCI后3 d回升至用药前水平,两组pPCI后7 d、14 d eGFR水平显著高于用药前,但两组间无差异.rhBNP组造影剂肾病发生率较对照组有降低趋势[19.4%(12/62)比29.7%(19/64),P=0.178].pPCI后7 d内rhBNP组室性心律失常发生率显著低于对照组[48.4%(30/62)比75.0%(48/64),P＜0.01].30 d内rhBNP组MACE发生率显著低于对照组[12.9%(8/62)比26.6%(17/64),P＜0.05].结论 rhBNP可有效改善AAMI-HF-pPCI围手术期患者的心脏功能,降低30 d内MACE发生率;减少造影剂肾病的发生趋势.

Abstract：

Objective To evaluate the protective effect of recombinant human B-type natriuretic peptide (rhBNP) on cardiac and renal functions in heart failure (HF) patients as a result of acute anterior myocardial infarction (AAMI) in peri-operative period of primary percutaneous coronary intervention (pPCI).Methods One hundred and twenty-six patients with AAMI-HF were enrolled into this study.All patients undertaken pPCI were randomly assigned to the rhBNP group (n=62) or the control group(n=64).rhBNP or nitroglycerin was intravenously administered on the basis of conventional treatment from first day of admission to 24 hours after pPCI in both groups.Heart rate (HR), systolic blood pressure (SBP), B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), estimated lomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and heart function were observed.All patients were followed up for 30 days for the observation of main adverse cardiac events (MACE).Results The HR was significantly decreased compared with that at admission in rhBNP group, but such condition was not found in the control group.The SBP was reduced obviously in both groups.The plasma level of BNP, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and left ventricular end-diastolic dimension (LVEDD) were improved significantly at different time points compared with those before administration in both groups.The improvement of above parameters in rhBNP group was more significant than that in the control group[BNP (ng/L) 30 hours after pPCI: 303.5±128.4 vs.354.0± 133.6, 14 days after pPCI:157.8±78.6 vs.201.1±91.7; LVEF 1dayafter pPCI: 0.420±0.052 vs.0.378±0.055, 14 days after pPCI:0.444±0.050 vs.0.393±0.055, 30 days after pPCI: 0.469±0.053 vs.0.413±0.052; LVEDD (mm) 1 day after pPCI: 53.5±4.4 vs.57.6±4.4, 14 days after pPCI: 49.6±5.1 vs.53.4±4.6, 30 days after pPCI: 46.5±4.4 vs.50.2±4.8, P＜0.05 or P＜0.01].The eGFR was reduced obviously 1 day after pPCI than that at admission in both groups, and eGFR recovered to baseline 3 days after pPCI.The level of eGFR was significantly increased 7 days and 14 days after pPCI than that at admission, but there was no difference between rhBNP group and control group.The incidence of contrast-induced nephropathy showed a lowering tendency in the rhBNP group than that in the control group[19.4% (12/62) vs.29.7% (19/64),P=0.178].The incidence of ventricular arrhythmias was obviously lowered 7 days after pPCI in the rhBNP group than that in the control group[48.4% (30/62) vs.75.0% (48/64), P＜0.01].The rate of MACE was lower in rhBNP group than that in control group in 30 days[12.9% (8/62) vs.26.6% (17/64), P＜0.05].Conclusion Administration of rhBNP can effectively improve the heart function in AAMI-HF patients undergoing pPCI, and it lowered the incidence of MACE in 30 days, without influence on renal function, and it can reduce the incidence of contrast-induced nephropathy.     

强化降脂治疗对急性冠脉综合征患者经皮冠状动脉介入治疗效果的影响

目的 探讨强化他汀治疗对急性冠脉综合征患者PCI术后心肌灌注的影响及可能机制.方法 行择期PCI的急性冠脉综合征患者228例,随机分为标准他汀组(n=115)和强化他汀组(n=113).于PCI术前7 d,纪录PCI后的TIMI血流、纠正的TIMI计桢数(CTFC)以及TIMI心肌灌注分级(TMPG)等.于PCI前后测量肌酸磷酸激酶(CK)、CK同工酶MB(CPK-MB)、肌钙蛋白I(TnI)、高敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)、P选择素和细胞间黏附分子(ICAM)水平.结果 强化他汀组支架置入后TIMI血流0～1级显著少于标准他汀组,3级显著多于标准他汀组(P<0.05).强化他汀组无复流发生率显著低于标准他汀组(P<0.001).CTFC在强化他汀组显著低于标准他汀组(P<0.001).强化他汀组的TMPG也显著优于标准他汀组(P=0.001).PCI术后24 h,CPK-MB和TnI在强化他汀组显著低于标准他汀组[CPK-MB:(18.74±8.41) ng/ml vs (21.78±10.64) ng/ml,P=0.018;TnI:(0.99±1.07) ng/ml vs (1.47±1.54) ng/ml,P=0.006].标准治疗组CK-MB升高者占27.8% (32/115),强化他汀组则只有15.9%(18/113)(P=0.030).标准他汀组TnI升高者显著多于强化他汀组[36.5% (42/115) vs 19.5%(22/113),P=0.04],其中,标准他汀组的心肌坏死发生率为13%(15/115),而在强化他汀组仅为4.4%(5/113)(P=0.021).PCI术后24 h,强化他汀组的hs-CRP、P选择素及ICAM水平均显著低于标准他汀组(P<0.001).结论 PCI术前使用强化他汀治疗比标准他汀治疗能更有效改善急性冠脉综合征患者的心肌灌注、减轻心肌损伤.同时伴有hs-CRP、P选择素和ICAM-1水平显著降低.     

冠状动脉畸形时诊断与处理

随着冠状动脉介入诊疗技术的普及,各种冠脉畸形(coronary artery anomalies CAA)的检出日益增多,由于CAA的表现从无临床症状到可引起心绞痛、心肌梗塞甚至猝死,如何评价其临床意义并选择治疗措施愈来愈受到重视.本文就两例罕见的冠状动脉畸形的诊断和治疗进行讨论.