微创经皮肾穿刺输尿管镜碎石取石术治疗复杂性上尿路结石

目的:探讨微创经皮肾穿刺输尿管镜碎石取石术治疗复杂性上尿路结石的疗效.方法:对107例复杂性上尿路结石患者临床资料进行了回顾性分析.结果:有105例成功行一期取石术,2例中转开放手术.一期手术取净结石69例,二期手术取净结石21例,三期手术取净结石3例,结石总取净率86.3%.手术时间平均132±37分钟,术中出血量平均171±32ml,肾造瘘管留置时间平均7天,术后平均住院8.5天,未出现严重并发症.结论:经皮肾镜气压弹道碎石具有损伤小、恢复快、住院时间短、结石清除率高、并发症少等优点,是治疗复杂性上尿路结石较好的方法.     

甘肃省合作市水源水含砷情况调查及对人群的影响

目的 调查甘肃省合作市水源水含砷情况及对人群的影响.方法 通过合作市7个乡、12个行政村、162个自然村进行的193份饮水水源样本的筛查和地砷病病情普查工作.按照《甘肃省地方病防治项目实施方案》和《甘肃省高砷区普查方案》的技术要求进行.凡筛查确定的高砷水源的自然村,以该自然村为中心采集全部饮用水源检测砷含量.结果 发现超标水样分布在合作市的4个乡的11个自然村,超标水样13份,占6.7%.在高砷区小学生、成年人中发现患皮肤疣状物者较多,其表面干燥、皲裂、出血.高砷水源区与低砷水源区人群尿砷水平比较,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.结论 在少数民族聚居地区发现高砷水源的分布和地方性砷中毒疑似病人,为今后进行地方性砷中毒病区的确定和病人的确诊,以及病区改水驱砷等综合治理措施提供科学依据.     

微创经皮肾穿刺取石术在基层医院的应用及其并发症防治

目的 总结微创经皮肾穿刺下输尿管镜取石术治疗肾及输尿管上段结石及其并发症防治.方法 回顾分析用该方法治疗的56例肾输尿管上段结石患者的临床资料.结果 51例患者微创经皮肾穿刺输尿管镜下气压弹道碎石取石成功.总成功率91%,平均手术时间为122 min.结论 徽创经皮肾穿刺下输尿管镜取石术具有高效、安全、微创、恢复快和住院时间短等优点,是治疗肾及输尿管上段结石的首选方法.     

甘肃某矿区周围居民恶性肿瘤死亡调查

目的 评价核设施在正常运行50年后对周围人群的健康影响.方法 调查甘肃某矿区周围30 km范围内居民2004-2008年人口资料、全部实体癌和白血病的死亡率.结果 调查地区居民2004-2008年全癌死亡率和标化死亡率分别为95.51/105和93.56/105,白血病死亡率和标化死亡率分别为2.44/105和2.22/105.对照区2004--2008年间恶性肿瘤死亡率和标化死亡率分别为106.88/105和89.31/105,白血病仅死亡1例,死亡率为3.56/105.结论 甘肃某矿区运行50年后,周围居民的恶性肿瘤和白血病死亡率未见增加,该矿区的生产和运行未对周围居民健康造成不良影响.

Abstract：

Objective To evaluate the cancer risk among the inhabitants around a certain nuclear facility of Gansu Province after operation for nearly 50 years.Methods Specially developed forms were filled by countryside doctors in the villages 30 km on the leeward or at the lower reaches of Yumen City,Gansu Province where a nuclear facility had operated for nearly 50 years,to register the relevant data of those who died of solid cancer and leukemia during the period from 1 January 2004 to 31 December 2008 based on the relevant data and household survey.A town 90 km away from the nuclear facility with 4181 people were regarded as control area.Results The crude mortality and standardized mortality rate(SMR) of cancer were 95.51×10-5 and 93.56×10-5.respectively.The crude mortality and SMR of leukemia were 2.44×10-05 and 2.22×10-05, respectively.and the crude mortality and SMR of cancer were 106.88×10-05, and 89.31×10-5, respectively.The crude mortality and SMR of leukemia were 2.44×10-05 and 2.22×10-5, respectively in the investigated area,and the crude mortality of leukemia was 3.56×10-5 (only one leukemia cage died)in the control area in the same time.The cancer and leukemia mortality rates of the investigated area were similar to those of control area.Conclusions Nuclear facility does not significantly increase the cancer mortality among the residents living nearby.     

兰州市某火电厂职工血脂水平的调查分析

近年来，我国高脂血症的发病率明显上升，已引起全社会的关注，这类疾病直接威胁着广大人民群众的身体健康，成为阻碍健康的第一杀手。我们对兰州市某火电厂职工进行了职业性体检，现仅将血脂检测水平报告分析如下。     

柿粪石堵塞性肠梗阻26例诊治体会

柿粪石堵塞性肠梗阻临床少见 ,其缺乏特殊的临床表现及相应的检测手段 ,临床上较难确诊。我院自 1993年以来共收治此类患者 2 6例 ,疗效满意 ,报告如下。1　临床资料1 1　一般资料　自 1993年 3月至 2 0 0 1年 11月间共收治柿粪石堵塞性肠梗阻患者 2 6例 ,占同期肠梗阻患者 0 6 %。其中男 11例 ,女 15例 ;年龄最大 81岁 ,最小 6岁 ,平均 2 7 1岁。全部患者均有食柿史 ,食柿量 30 0～ 180 0ｇ不等。发病时间自食柿后 3～ 32ｄ ,平均 7 5ｄ。1 2　症状与体征　临床表现与一般肠梗阻症状无异 ,表现为腹痛、呕吐、腹胀及肛门停止排气排便。本组…     

甘肃某矿区周围居民恶性肿瘤死亡调查

Objective To evaluate the cancer risk among the inhabitants around a certain nuclear facility of Gansu Province after operation for nearly 50 years.Methods Specially developed forms were filled by countryside doctors in the villages 30 km on the leeward or at the lower reaches of Yumen City,Gansu Province where a nuclear facility had operated for nearly 50 years,to register the relevant data of those who died of solid cancer and leukemia during the period from 1 January 2004 to 31 December 2008 based on the relevant data and household survey.A town 90 km away from the nuclear facility with 4181 people were regarded as control area.Results The crude mortality and standardized mortality rate(SMR) of cancer were 95.51×10-5 and 93.56×10-5.respectively.The crude mortality and SMR of leukemia were 2.44×10-05 and 2.22×10-05, respectively.and the crude mortality and SMR of cancer were 106.88×10-05, and 89.31×10-5, respectively.The crude mortality and SMR of leukemia were 2.44×10-05 and 2.22×10-5, respectively in the investigated area,and the crude mortality of leukemia was 3.56×10-5 (only one leukemia cage died)in the control area in the same time.The cancer and leukemia mortality rates of the investigated area were similar to those of control area.Conclusions Nuclear facility does not significantly increase the cancer mortality among the residents living nearby.     

甘肃省放射工作人员健康监护工作现状分析

目的 观察长期接触小剂量照射对放射工作人员健康的影响,做好放射性从业人员的健康监护工作。方法 依据国家标准规定的经典方法。结果 放射工作人员外周血染色体畸变率与对照组比较(P<0.01)差异有非常显著性,但是不同工龄间,不同工种间比较(P>0.05)差异没有显著性。结论 长期接触小剂量照的对放射工作人员其染色畸变率将会增加。     

甘肃省合作市地方性砷中毒流行病学调查

目的了解甘肃省合作市饮水高砷水源的分布和地方性砷中毒（地砷病）的流行情况，为进一步开展防治工作提供科学依据。方法对全市不同类型的饮水水源进行采样检测，同时进行地方性砷中毒病情调查。结果合作市的砷超标水样分布在4个乡19个自然村，呈点状分布，覆盖范围约700km^2，受威胁人群约1万人。在调查的987人中，检出地砷病可疑病例61例．检出率6．18％；高砷水源区人群尿砷平均值为0．0834mg／L，低砷水源区人群尿砷均值为0．0396mg／L，二者间差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论甘肃省合作市部分地区饮水含砷量超标．并存在地方性砷中毒的流行。     

甘肃省武山县中小学生常见病调查分析

定期进行中小学生健康检查,是动态观察青少年学生能否健康成长的一种重要手段,也是落实国务院颁发的《学校卫生管理条例》及学校传染病预防控制工作的重要措施[1]。我们按照《学校卫生管理条例》实施,对武山县12所中小学校的8089名学生进行了健康状况及常见病现状调查,现将调查