发达国家卫生自付制研究

医疗卫生政策的制定是为使公民在金融风险中仍能得到确实的卫生保障。目前许多国家卫生费用的持续上涨正是由于自付制(OOP)措施的制定。该研究通过分析比较2010年七个发达国家日常统计数据来衡量和比较个人卫生自付费用的负担状况。选择分析研究的国家中,人群收入很大一部分花费在卫生费用中。该研究还指出,除了法国,以及斯洛文尼亚程度较轻外,其他五个国家有健康问题的公民都面临相当大的医疗支出压力。在美国、波兰、俄罗斯和以色列大约四分之一的亚健康居民也将收入中很大一部分花费在卫生自付上。该研究还发现人群面临高额自付费用的程度具有跨越国家和种族的相关性,以及疾病人群和健康人群在自付费用支付程度上的非一致性。如果卫生自付费用的政策制定不合理,其负面影响会持续发酵并破坏医疗卫生体系建立的核心目标。应规范该政策法规,使公民老有所养老有所依,在卫生服务资源面前得到公正平等的机会。     

改良大骨瓣联合软通道微创介入逐渐减压术治疗重型颅脑损伤的疗效分析

目的：探讨改良大骨瓣联合软通道微创介入逐渐减压术治疗重型颅脑损伤的疗效。方法方便选择自2009年12月—2014年11月该院收治的重型颅脑损伤病例70例,随机分为改良组和对照组2组,每组35例,改良组施行改良大骨瓣联合软通道微创介入逐渐减压术,对照组按标准大骨瓣开颅、硬脑膜一次性全切开,对比分析两组的并发症发生率及预后。结果改良组发生迟发性颅内血肿、大面积脑梗塞及弥漫性脑肿胀等并发症9例(25.7％,9/35),预后良好者23例(65.7％,23/35),对照组发生并发症19例(54.3％,19/35),预后良好者14例(40.0％,14/35),两组并发症发生率和预后差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论改良大骨瓣联合软通道微创介入逐渐减压术治疗重型颅脑损伤,效果良好,显著降低死亡率。     

产后产妇300例心理状态调查及应对措施

根据现代医学模式，健康的标准是躯体健康，心理健康和社会适应良好。妇女在妊娠期、分娩期和产褥期承受着躯体和精神上的巨大压力；产后由于身体的变化、社会角色的改变，对产妇的认知、情感、行为具有明显影响。焦虑是人们对环境中一些即将面临的，可能会造成危险和威胁的重大事件，或者要做出重大努力的情况中进行适应时，心理上出现紧张和一种不愉快的期待。探讨产后产妇的心理状态变化及其原因，采取有效的应对措施，以保证产妇的健康及至婴幼儿的健康成长。     

Pediatric intracranial aneurysms——clinical characteristics and therapeutic strategies

Objective To assess the radiological characteristics and therapeutic strategies of intracranial aneurysms in children. Methods From our dedicated neurovascular databank of patients, we reviewed 23 consecutive children who had 24 intracranial aneurysms. There were 14 boys and 9 girls with a mean age of 9.09 years ( range 1 - 14 years ). Results Intracranial aneurysms in children ≤ 14 years constituted 1.3% of all intracranial aneurysms. Internal Carotid artery (ICA) and middle cerebral artery (MCA) were the most frequent sites for aneurysms. About 58.3% of the aneurysms were complex, including dissecting, pseudoaneurysm, giant and fusiform aneurysm. 1/3 of all aneurysms were located in posterior circulation. Only 1 case had multiple aneurysms in this case series. Almost half of all cases presented with subarachnoid hemorrhage and others presented with mass effect. 14 cases underwent endovascular treatment. 4 patients received microsurgical therapy. 5 cases did not receive microsurgical or endovascular therapy, 2 of them whose aneurysms spontaneously thrombosed during follow up. One boy with left vertebral artery giant aneurysm died after endovascular therapy owing to gradual thrombosis in basilar artery. Another child had poor outcome because of rerupture of aneurysm before operation. Whereas the majority had a favorable outcome. Conclusions Intracranial aneurysms in children had many clinical and radiological characteristics different from those in adults : ( 1 ) remarkable male predominance; ( 2 ) ICA and MCA were the most common sites for aneurysms; (3) high incidence of large, traumatic, infectious, dissecting and fusiform aneurysms. (4)For pediatric intracranial aneurysms, both microsurgical approaches and endovascular treatment were effective. Endovaacular therapy was the best choice for complex aneurysms.     

诺和锐胰岛素治疗儿童1型糖尿病的临床观察

目的:观察诺和锐胰岛素治疗儿童1型糖尿病的疗效。方法:对10例应用诺和灵短效胰岛素联合诺和灵中效胰岛素治疗的1型糖尿病患儿以超短效胰岛素诺和锐等量替代短效胰岛素联合诺和灵中效胰岛素治疗1个月,观察HbA1c等代谢指标变化。结果:用诺和锐治疗后患儿餐后2 h血糖、HbA1c显著下降,P<0．01,平均下降值分别为3．51±1．10 mmol／L与0．64％±0．19％。胰岛素用量与血脂无明显变化,P>0．05。治疗期间未发现明显低血糖。结论:超短效胰岛素诺和锐替代短效胰岛素可进一步控制餐后血糖．并显著降低HbA1c,有利于血糖控制。     

酶偶联Trinder反应测定血清磷酸肌酸激酶实验探讨

[目的]建立一种新的酶偶联Trinder反应测定血清肌酸激酶。[方法]利用甘油激酶作用ATP和甘油产生甘油-3-磷酸，经甘油磷酸氧化酶氧化生成H2O2，后者与2，4，6-三溴-3-羟基苯甲酸和4-氨基安替比林在过氧化物酶作用下生成红色化合物。[结果]该方法线性范围达到2000U／L，批内批间平均相对标准偏差为1．96％和3．77％，与紫外酶偶联速联率法比较，相关系数r=0．989，y=1．002x 2．41。[结论]该方法具有灵敏、准确、简便、快速等优点。     

糖尿病

糖尿病属于祖国医学“消渴”病的范畴。历代医家对其理论及治法,各有创建。我是选用《景岳全书》的加减一阴煎(生地、芍药、麦冬、熟地、炙甘草、知母、地骨皮)随证化裁,治疗下述6型糖尿病。1、阴虚胃热型:本型主证多具有多食善饥,口渴引冷,小便频多,形体日渐消瘦,五心烦热,大便干结,舌质红、舌苔薄黄或苔白而干,脉弦洪数或弦细数。化验:空腹血糖在300～400毫克％之间,尿糖(+++)以上。用药:熟地15克,生地15克,生石膏30克,地骨皮20克,白芍10克,麦冬10克,知母10克,甘草3克,玄参15克。2、阴虚阳亢型:本型“三多”症状不明显,但尿液混浊如脂膏,或尿甜,兼有烦躁易怒,头痛且胀,眼目昏眩,口苦,大便干结,舌质红、苔薄黄,脉弦细数。化验:空腹血糖在250～