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Chicks were immunised with different vaccines intramuscularly at the age of eight weeks and challenged twenty one days later with 10 LD50 dose of virulent V intramuscularly. The percentage of absolute survivors were taken as the criterion to assess the potency of the vaccines. To assess the humoral response, sequential levels of antibodies by different tests were assessed before and after vaccination and after challenge.Live vaccines with adjuvants proved to be the best followed by live vaccines. Cross protection could be induced. Assessment of sequential levels of humoral immune response revealed involvement of agglutinins and bactericidal antibodies but such an involvement appears to be not essential for protection. 相似文献
4.
Vasanthi S Padmavathy BK Gopal R Sundaram RS Manoharan G 《Indian journal of medical microbiology》2002,20(3):165-166
Five patients with HIV associated cutaneous cryptococcal infection are reported. 相似文献
5.
To begin elucidation of the relationship between Brome mosaic virus (BMV) replication and encapsidation, we used a T-DNA-based Agrobacterium-mediated transient expression (agroinfiltration) system in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves to express either individual or desired pairs of the three genomic RNAs. The packaging competence of these RNAs into virions formed by the transiently expressed coat protein (CP) was analyzed. We found that in the absence of a functional replicase, assembled virions contained non-replicating viral RNAs (RNA1 or RNA2 or RNA3 or RNA1 + RNA3 or RNA2 + RNA3) as well as cellular RNAs. By contrast, virions assembled in the presence of a functional replicase contained only viral RNAs. To further elucidate the specificity exhibited by the functional viral replicase in RNA packaging, replication-defective RNA1 and RNA2 were constructed by deleting the 3' tRNA-like structure (3' TLS). Co-expression of TLS-less RNA1 and RNA2 with wt RNA3 resulted in efficient synthesis of subgenomic RNA4. Virions recovered from leaves co-expressing TLS-less RNA1 and RNA2 and either CP mRNA or wt RNA3 exclusively contained viral RNAs. These results demonstrated that packaging of BMV genomic RNAs is not replication dependent whereas expression of a functional viral replicase plays an active role in increasing specificity of RNA packaging. 相似文献
6.
Harvey Wong Lois D Lehman-McKeeman Mary F Grubb Scott J Grossman Vasanthi M Bhaskaran Eric G Solon Helen S L Shen Ronald J Gerson Bruce D Car Bitao Zhao Brian Gemzik 《Toxicological sciences》2005,84(2):232-242
4-(3-pentylamino)-2,7-dimethyl-8-(2-methyl-4-methoxyphenyl)-pyrazolo-[1,5-a]-pyrimidine (DMP 904) is a potent and selective antagonist of corticotropin releasing factor receptor-1 (CRF1 receptor) with an efficacious anxiolytic profile in preclinical animal models. In subchronic toxicity studies in Sprague-Dawley rats, DMP 904 produced thyroid follicular cell hypertrophy and hyperplasia, and a low incidence of follicular cell adenoma. The current investigations were designed to determine the mode of action by which DMP 904 disrupts thyroid homeostasis in male rats. Five-day treatment with DMP 904 (300 mg/kg/day) dramatically lowered serum thyroxine (T4) to levels below detectable limits (< 1 microg/dl) by 72 h, with concurrent decreases in triiodothyronine (T3, about a 70% decrease) and increases in thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH; about a three-fold increase). DMP 904 increased [125I]T4 total body clearance (Cl tb) (38.21 +/- 10.45 ml/h) compared to control (5.61 +/- 0.59 ml/h) and phenobarbital-treated rats (7.92 +/- 1.62 ml/h). This increase in Cl(tb) was associated with a significant increase in biliary clearance (Cl bile) of unconjugated [125I]T4 (nearly 80-times control rates) and increased liver:blood ratios of T4, suggestive of enhanced hepatic uptake of T4. A single dose of DMP 904 (200 mg/kg) increased mRNA levels of hepatic cytochrome P450s (CYP 3A1 and CYP 2B1) and UDP-glucuronosyltransferases (UGT 1A1 and UGT 1A2). DMP 904 also induced mRNAs of the canalicular transporter, multi-drug resistance protein-2 (Mrp2) and sinusoidal transporters, organic anion transporting proteins (Oatp1 and Oatp2) within 24 h. Western blot analysis confirmed DMP 904 related increases in Oatp2 protein expression. Collectively, these data suggest that DMP 904 is an agonist of the constitutive androstane receptor (CAR) and pregnane X receptor (PXR) and that the decreased serum levels of T4 and T3 resulted from increased hepatobiliary clearance. However, DMP 904 is distinguished from other compounds associated with similar effects on thyroid hormone homeostasis because its effects were primarily related to increased biliary excretion of unconjugated T4. 相似文献
7.
S.A. Syam Kumar Prabakar Sukumar Padmanaban Sriram Dhanabalan Rajasekaran Srinu Aketi Nagarajan Vivekanandan 《Medical Dosimetry》2012,37(4):436-441
The recalculation of 1 fraction from a patient treatment plan on a phantom and subsequent measurements have become the norms for measurement-based verification, which combines the quality assurance recommendations that deal with the treatment planning system and the beam delivery system. This type of evaluation has prompted attention to measurement equipment and techniques. Ionization chambers are considered the gold standard because of their precision, availability, and relative ease of use. This study evaluates and compares 5 different ionization chambers: phantom combinations for verification in routine patient-specific quality assurance of RapidArc treatments. Fifteen different RapidArc plans conforming to the clinical standards were selected for the study. Verification plans were then created for each treatment plan with different chamber-phantom combinations scanned by computed tomography. This includes Medtec intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) phantom with micro-ionization chamber (0.007 cm3) and pinpoint chamber (0.015 cm3), PTW-Octavius phantom with semiflex chamber (0.125 cm3) and 2D array (0.125 cm3), and indigenously made Circular wax phantom with 0.6 cm3 chamber. The measured isocenter absolute dose was compared with the treatment planning system (TPS) plan. The micro-ionization chamber shows more deviations when compared with semiflex and 0.6 cm3 with a maximum variation of ?4.76%, ?1.49%, and 2.23% for micro-ionization, semiflex, and farmer chambers, respectively. The positive variations indicate that the chamber with larger volume overestimates. Farmer chamber shows higher deviation when compared with 0.125 cm3. In general the deviation was found to be <1% with the semiflex and farmer chambers. A maximum variation of 2% was observed for the 0.007 cm3 ionization chamber, except in a few cases. Pinpoint chamber underestimates the calculated isocenter dose by a maximum of 4.8%. Absolute dose measurements using the semiflex ionization chamber with intermediate volume (0.125 cm3) shows good agreement with the TPS calculated among the detectors used in this study. Positioning is very important when using smaller volume chambers because they are more sensitive to geometrical errors within the treatment fields. It is also suggested to average the dose over the sensitive volume for larger-volume chambers. The ionization chamber-phantom combinations used in this study can be used interchangeably for routine RapidArc patient-specific quality assurance with a satisfactory accuracy for clinical practice. 相似文献
8.
Padmanaban S. Suresh Peroumal Doureradjou Dalavikodihalli Nanjaiah Nandakumar 《Immunopharmacology and immunotoxicology》2013,35(4):701-709
We evaluated the effect of restraint stress (1hr/day) for 6, 10, 14 and 21 days on antibody response against sheep RBC (SRBC) and modulation by chlordiazepoxide (CDP) pretreatment (10 mg/kg/day) in albino rats. Anti-SRBC titer was significantly decreased with increase in number of days of restraint stress exposure. CDP pretreatment significantly reversed the effects of 6, 10 and 14 (but not of 21) days of restraint stress. CDP treatment for 21 days per se suppressed immune response, but no additive effect was observed. CDP was not effective in chronic stress (i.e., 21 days of stress). Hence, the rationale behind benzodiazepines therapy in chronic stress needs to be evaluated. 相似文献
9.
Vijayakumar Raju Muralidharan Srinivasan Chandrasekar Padmanaban Venkatadevanathan Muthubaskaran Rajpal Kanaklal Abhaichand 《Indian Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery》2011,27(1):36-38
Diagnostic evaluation of embolic neurologic events requires the consideration of cardiac causes. Lambl’s Excrescences (LE)are
filiform fronds that occur at sites of valvular closure due to “wear and tear” (Lambl Wien Med Wschr 6:244–247, 1856). The complex form of LE is “giant Lambl’s Excrescences” which results from the adherence of multiple adjacent excrescences
that grow large. We recently had young male adult who presented with features of posterior circulation stroke (basilar) and
detected to have two separate giant Lambl’s Excrescences on the aortic valve and treated successfully. 相似文献
10.
Pawlin Vasanthi Joseph Brindha Balan Vidhyalakshmi Rajendran Devi Marimuthu Prashanthi Balasubramanian Somnathan 《Indian Journal of Community Medicine》2015,40(3):188-192