内窥镜下手术在眼科的应用

近年来，内窥镜下手术在眼科的应用有了很大进展，并且逐渐展现出其创伤小、并发症少、直视下操作、安全有效的优点。眼内窥镜联合激光可应用于青光眼前房角手术、青光眼睫状体光凝术、周边部视网膜玻璃体手术等等；另外泪道内窥镜在泪器疾病中的应用、鼻内窥镜在鼻眼相关手术中的应用也有很大的发展。眼内窥镜的应用开创了眼科微创手术时代。本文就眼用内窥镜的基本工作原理、应用现状和发展前景进行综述。     

视野检查法的研究进展

计算机自动视野计检查是主要的视功能检测手段，自动视野计的发展已使这一检查手段日臻完善。但是，近几年的研究表明光阈值的改变并不能真正代表视功能的损害程度，自动视野检查仍然无法发现最早期的视野缺损。高通分辨视野、模型分辨视野和自动瞳孔视野是近年国外新发展起来的定量视野检查法。初步应用的报道显示这些视野检查法在检测视功能损害上比自动视野计具有更高的敏感性和特异性，而且还具有阈值变异小、检查时间短、容易为     

眼蛋白质组学

蛋白质组学是对一个细胞、组织或器官的基因组表达的所有蛋白质分析研究，是新世纪生命科学研究的前沿以及功能基因组学的研究重心。蛋白质组学为研究眼部细胞生命活动规律和眼科疾病病变机制提供了一个新的研究平台。本文就蛋白质组学在眼科的应用作一综述。眼科学报2003；19：67-70     

治疗伴有无前房、白内障玻璃体混浊的葡萄膜炎继发性青光眼的手术方法

目的:探讨伴无前房、白内障的葡萄膜炎继发性青光眼的手术治疗方法。方法:采用经角膜缘的晶状体和前段玻璃体切除或经睫状体平坦部的晶状体和玻璃体切除联合小梁切除术,对7只眼伴有无前房、白内障的葡萄膜炎继发性青光眼进行了手术治疗,观察术前术后眼压和前房深度变化、滤过泡、视力以及并发症情况,随访时间3~48个月。结果:(1)眼压:7只眼术前平均眼压为(5.18±0.77)kPa,术后1天平均眼压为(0.95±0.29)kPa,术后1周平均眼压为(0.93±0.12)kPa,最后1次随访平均眼压为(1.14±0.70)kPa;(2)前房深度:所有患眼术后均形成前房,中央前房深度为3~5CT;(3)滤过泡情况:所有患眼术后均形成功能滤过泡,滤过泡形态为扁平弥散;(4)视力:1患眼术前视力0.01,术后1周视力CF/20cm,最后1次随访矫正视力0.06;1患眼术前视力0.05,术后1周0.01,最后1次随访矫正视力0.1;余患者多为幼儿,不能配合视力检查但可追光;(5)术后并发症:所有患眼术后早期均有角膜水肿,瞳孔区均有纤维性渗出,房水闪辉( ~ ),但均未出现瞳孔和周切口膜闭、视网膜脱离和眼内炎等并发症。结论:对于葡萄膜炎继发性青光眼同时伴无前房或极浅前房、白内障玻璃体混浊患者,晶状体玻璃体切除联合小梁切除手术能有效降低眼压,形成前房,无严重并发症,是一种治疗伴无前房的葡萄膜炎继发性青光眼安全有效的方法。眼科学报2007;23:238-242.     

选择性激光小梁成形术-治疗开角型青光眼的新方法

一、激光小梁成形术的发展简史1973年,Krasnov[2],Worthen[3]等曾试用Q开关的红宝石激光和连续波的激光作小梁网的造孔击射,试图改善房水外流达到降眼压目的,但最终因小梁的孔网在短期内就纤维化而失败。直到1979年,Wise和Witter[4]首次报道用低能量氩激光击射小梁网(并非穿刺小梁网)而成功降低青光眼患者的眼压,即氩激光小梁成形术(Argon lasertrabeculoplasty,ALT),经随访10年以上的结果证明ALT的疗效肯定,已被普遍接受成为治疗开角型青光眼的常用的激光手术方法。The GlaucomeLaser Trial Research Group(GLT)[5]研究结果表明,A…     

小切口晶状体手术在晶状体脱位继发青光眼中的应用

目的观察小切口手术治疗晶状体脱位继发青光眼的临床疗效。方法回顾性研究自1999年4月至2005年2月在我院因晶状体脱位继发青光眼而行小切口白内障手术治疗的一组患者共21例22只眼。记录患者眼压、视力变化及术中术后并发症等。观察时间为3-72个月。结果22只眼术后最后一次复查时平均眼压为(12.47±3.77)mmHg,明显低于术前平均眼压(42.29±18.99)mmHg,差异有非常显著意义(t=7.185,p=0.000)。22只眼术后最后一次复查最佳矫正视力在NLP～1.2之间,较术前有明显改善,差异有非常显著意义(t=-2.929,p=0.008)。术中术后均未出现严重并发症。结论小切口晶状体手术是治疗晶状体脱位继发青光眼的有效手术方式,且技术较成熟,临床上如有条件应广泛开展。     

早期原发性开角型青光眼倍频视野的改变

目的　探讨早期原发性开角型青光眼(POAG)倍频视野(FDP)的表现。 方法　应用FDP的N 30全阈值程序和HFA视野计(HFA)中心 30 2全阈值程序检查早期青光眼患者 35例 37眼、进展期青光眼患者 36例 43眼、晚期青光眼患者 6例 7眼;正常人 21例 25眼作为对照组。 结果　早期青光眼的FDP主要表现为相对性旁中心暗点和 /或相对性的弓状暗点,上方弓形区(尤其是 10°~20°的视野)和鼻侧视野在青光眼早期最易受到损害。FDP显示的视野损害与HFA的基本一致,但暗点的范围更大,部分早期青光眼病例HFA显示视野正常的部位FDP也可发现局限性暗点。早期青光眼FDP的三个视野指数(FMS、FMD、FPSD)与正常人比较差异有显著性意义,FDP的FMD与HFA的MD有较好的相关性(相关系数r=0 326,P=0 026)。 结论　早期青光眼FDP的改变与HFA有较高的一致性,在POAG早期诊断中FDP可作为一种快速敏感的视功能检测方法。     

1%派立明滴眼液联合0.25%贝特舒混悬液的临床降眼压疗效及安全性观察

目的:观察派立明滴眼液联合贝特舒混悬液对中国人青光眼患者的降眼压疗效及安全性方法:选取原发性开角型青光眼、高眼压症、术后残余青光眼患者共26例44只眼,给予派立明滴眼液及贝特舒混悬液早晚各2次点眼,共观察2个月,分别于用药后2周、4周、6周、8周复查,观察用药前后的眼压及不良反应。结果:派立明联合应用贝特舒每日2次点眼,降眼压效果显著且稳定,眼压平均降低5.03～6.65mmHg(1mmHg=0.133kPa),平均降幅为20.55%～37.30%且不良反应少。结论:派立明滴眼液联合贝特舒混悬液对中国人具有良好的降眼压效果,毒副作用少,可作为临床上青光眼药物治疗的主要用药。     

原发性先天性青光眼患者术后生活质量的评价

Objective To evaluate the 23-item scale of Quality of Life (QOL) for patients with primary congenital glaucoma (PCG). Methods It was a cross-sectional study. The QOL scale specific for patients with PCG was firstly evaluated on 51 patients with PCG following antiglaucomat surgery at last follow-up visit (7.80 years±2.93 years with a median at 7 years) and 50 participants with normal visual acuity (VA) as control. All participants were aged 5-20 years old. The QOL of PCG was evaluated with type of disease, severity, surgical outcome, postoperative VA, age, gender and personality by using single-factor correlation analysis and multiple-factor stepwise regression analysis. Results The PCG-QOL scale achieved good reliability, validity and responsibility for PCG and 23-item were all qualified for QOL evaluation of PCG. The total scores of QOL in patients with PCG were significantly lower than those of normal individuals (PCG 60.22±10.02,normal individuals 71.41±10.11;t=5.682, P=0.000). Single-factor correlation analysis showed that the total scores of QOL were associated significantly with the severity of glaucoma (F=24.026, P=0.000), surgical outcome (t=2.638, P=0.009) and postoperative VA (F=11.248, P=0.000) ; The visual function scores were associated significantly with the severity (F=12.677, P=0. 000) and postoperative VA (F=10.369, P=0.000) ; The self-care ability scores were associated significantly with the severity (F=11.064, P=0.000) and surgical outcome (t=2.297, P=0.042) ; The social and mental scores were all correlated significantly with the severity (F=6.869, P=0.020; F=5.721, P=0.019) and personality (t=4.352, P=0.009 ; t=2.297, P=0.042). Multiple-factor stepwise regression analysis showed that there were significant correlations between total scores and the severity (β=-6.985, P=0.001 ), postoperative VA (β=-4.978, P=0.003 ) and personality (β=-5.201, P=0.020). Conclusions The PCG-QOL scale could be used for evaluating the QOL of PCG patients aged 5-20 years. The main factors that influence on the QOL of patients with PCG are severity of the disease, postoperative VA and personality. Preventing progression of glaucoma, improving VA and giving right psychological guidance may improve the QOL of patients with PCG.     

原发性先天性青光眼患者术后生活质量的评价

Objective To evaluate the 23-item scale of Quality of Life (QOL) for patients with primary congenital glaucoma (PCG). Methods It was a cross-sectional study. The QOL scale specific for patients with PCG was firstly evaluated on 51 patients with PCG following antiglaucomat surgery at last follow-up visit (7.80 years±2.93 years with a median at 7 years) and 50 participants with normal visual acuity (VA) as control. All participants were aged 5-20 years old. The QOL of PCG was evaluated with type of disease, severity, surgical outcome, postoperative VA, age, gender and personality by using single-factor correlation analysis and multiple-factor stepwise regression analysis. Results The PCG-QOL scale achieved good reliability, validity and responsibility for PCG and 23-item were all qualified for QOL evaluation of PCG. The total scores of QOL in patients with PCG were significantly lower than those of normal individuals (PCG 60.22±10.02,normal individuals 71.41±10.11;t=5.682, P=0.000). Single-factor correlation analysis showed that the total scores of QOL were associated significantly with the severity of glaucoma (F=24.026, P=0.000), surgical outcome (t=2.638, P=0.009) and postoperative VA (F=11.248, P=0.000) ; The visual function scores were associated significantly with the severity (F=12.677, P=0. 000) and postoperative VA (F=10.369, P=0.000) ; The self-care ability scores were associated significantly with the severity (F=11.064, P=0.000) and surgical outcome (t=2.297, P=0.042) ; The social and mental scores were all correlated significantly with the severity (F=6.869, P=0.020; F=5.721, P=0.019) and personality (t=4.352, P=0.009 ; t=2.297, P=0.042). Multiple-factor stepwise regression analysis showed that there were significant correlations between total scores and the severity (β=-6.985, P=0.001 ), postoperative VA (β=-4.978, P=0.003 ) and personality (β=-5.201, P=0.020). Conclusions The PCG-QOL scale could be used for evaluating the QOL of PCG patients aged 5-20 years. The main factors that influence on the QOL of patients with PCG are severity of the disease, postoperative VA and personality. Preventing progression of glaucoma, improving VA and giving right psychological guidance may improve the QOL of patients with PCG.