中医药治疗慢性前列腺炎研究概况

综述近年中医药治疗慢性前列腺炎的临床研究,认为本病病因病机之核心在于脾肾亏虚为本,湿热、痰浊、瘀毒为标,病久则伤及脾肾,由实转虚。中医内治法主要以辨证论治、辨病论治或单方验方为主,外治法以中药洗浴、中药灌肠、肛门给药、针灸为主。中医药治疗本病优势明显。应继续完善对中医药作用机制的认识,制订统一的辨证论治及疗效评价标准,针对效果显著的名方开展研究。     

Chalcone hybrids and their antimalarial activity

Malaria, one of the most striking, re-emerging infectious diseases caused by the genus Plasmodium, places a huge burden on global healthcare systems. A major challenge in the control and eradication of malaria is the continuous emergence of increasingly widespread drug-resistant malaria, creating an urgent need to develop novel antimalarial agents. Chalcone derivatives are ubiquitous in nature and have become indispensable units in medicinal chemistry applications due to their diverse biological profiles. Many chalcone derivatives demonstrate potential in vitro and in vivo antimalarial activity, so chalcone could be a useful template for the development of novel antimalarial agents. This review covers the recent development of chalcone hybrids as antimalarial agents. The critical aspects of the design and structure–activity relationship of these compounds are also discussed.     

以医院登记为基础的20万例恶性肿瘤患者生存报告

背景与目的：恶性肿瘤是全球重大的公共健康问题，患者生存率是评价恶性肿瘤诊治水平的重要指标。通过描述以医院登记为基础的20万例恶性肿瘤患者的生存情况，以真实世界数据从一个侧面反映我国恶性肿瘤的治疗效果。方法：纳入2008年1月1日—2017年12月31日之间在复旦大学附属肿瘤医院确诊为恶性肿瘤并接受住院治疗的患者共计202 542例。通过患者复诊病史资料、电话随访及死因数据链接等方式收集生存随访信息，随访统计时间截至2019年11月30日。应用寿命表法估计各个病种1年、3年和5年总生存率（overall survival，OS），以性别、年龄组、首次治疗时间分层。采用Kaplan-Meier生存曲线绘制各病种的总体生存曲线。结果：患者总体的1年、3年、5年OS分别为89.8%、77.4%和71.0%；男性患者5年OS为58.8%，女性患者为78.7%。在常见的恶性肿瘤中，甲状腺癌患者的5年OS最高，为98.6%；胰腺癌患者最低，为11.4%。2013—2017年首次治疗的乳腺癌、肺癌和肾癌患者5年OS分别为90.0%、55.9%和80.7%，显著高于2008—2012年首次治疗患者，其他肿瘤未见显著上升。结论：大部分恶性肿瘤患者经规范诊治可以获得较为理想的预后，女性生存情况显著优于男性，乳腺癌和肺癌患者的生存改善可能归功于新的临床治疗和早诊手段。     

新生儿高胆红素血症的临床治疗分析

目的探讨布拉氏酵母菌散治疗对新生儿高胆红素血症的临床疗效。方法在2018年1月—2019年1月期间,将医院诊治的110例新生儿高胆红素血症患儿纳入研究对象,按照治疗方法的不同,将患儿分成两组,采用常规蓝光照射治疗的患儿定为对照组,55例,在蓝光治疗基础上增加布拉氏酵母菌散治疗的患儿定为观察组,55例,对比两组患儿治疗的临床效果。结果观察组和对照组治疗的有效率分别为98.18%和87.27%,有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗后3 d和1周,两组患儿的胆红素水平明显下降,且观察组患儿下降更加明显,与对照组相比差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组患儿黄疸消退时间为(5.12±1.21)d,对照组患儿黄疸消退时间为(7.21±1.22)d,有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组不良反应发生率为5.45%,明显低于对照组的12.73%,有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论对新生儿高胆红素血症患儿在常规蓝光治疗的基础上增加布拉氏酵母菌散进行治疗,可以显著提高临床治疗效果。     

Quantification of 5-HT1A and 5-HT2A receptor Binding in Depressed Suicide Attempters and Non-Attempters

Objective: To determine serotonin system abnormalities related to major depression or previous suicidal behavior.

Methods: [¹¹C]WAY100635, [¹⁸F]altanserin and positron emission tomography were used to compare 5-HT_1A and 5-HT_2A binding in MDD patients divided into eight past suicide attempters (>4yrs prior to scanning) and eight lifetime non-attempters, and both groups were compared to eight healthy volunteers.

Results: The two receptor types differed in binding pattern across brain regions from each other, but there were no differences in binding between healthy volunteers and the two depressed groups or between depressed suicide attempters and non-attempters. No effects of depression severity or lifetime aggression were observed for either receptor.

Conclusion: Limitations of this study include small sample size and absence of high lethality suicide attempts in the depressed attempter group. No trait-like binding correlations with past suicide attempt or current depression were observed. Given the heterogeneity of nonfatal suicidal behavior, a larger sample study emphasizing higher lethality suicide attempts may find the serotonin biological phenotype seen in suicide decedents.     

基于器官功能保全的局部进展期直肠癌诊治新策略

局部进展期直肠癌（locally advanced rectal cancer, LARC）的治疗进入肿瘤学效果和功能并重的时代，传统“三明治”治疗模式的利弊凸显，通过高分辨率核磁共振成像，可以将LARC按照局部复发风险进一步分成不同危险度组别，从而施行个体化治疗模式，是保障疗效和功能的最优化策略。部分危险度稍低的LARC可以通过直接进行高质量手术、单纯术前化疗来避免术前放疗带来的功能损害。而对于根治性手术可能带来较大功能损害的LARC，通过结合各种不同的术前治疗策略，乃至全程新辅助治疗（TNT）策略，强化肿瘤退缩，甚至获得肿瘤完全缓解来改变原有的手术方式，从不可保肛的根治性腹会阴联合切除术变为可保肛的低位/极低位前切除术、括约肌间切除术等根治性手术，或从全直肠系膜切除术变为经肛局部切除术，乃至最后不需要手术的“观察＆等待”，从而最大限度保全患者的器官功能。     

经皮电刺激联合导乐镇痛对分娩结局的影响及安全性分析

目的 探讨经皮电刺激联合导乐分娩镇痛对分娩结局的影响及安全性。方法 选择160例在我院住院待产的产妇作为研究对象,随机将其分为观察组与对照组,每组各80例;其中对照组予导乐分娩镇痛,观察组给予经皮电刺激联合导乐分娩镇痛。观察比较两组的VAS评分、产程时间、产后出血、剖宫产率、产妇满意度、新生儿情况、不良反应发生情况等。结果 与镇痛前比较,观察组镇痛后各时间段VAS评分降低,P＜0.05;与对照组比较,观察组的产后2 h出血量、剖宫产率降低,产妇满意度提高,P＜0.05。结论 经皮电刺激联合导乐镇痛可减轻产妇痛苦,降低剖宫产率,减少产后出血,提高产妇满意度,且无明显不良反应,值得在临床上推广应用。     

Caffeic acid phenethyl ester,a propolis polyphenolic,attenuates potentially cadmium-induced testicular dysfunction in mice

Abstract

Cadmium (Cd) as environmental pollutant can induce severe damage, particularly to the testis. This study investigated the effects of Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) on testicular dysfunction induced by Cd. Adult mice were intraperitoneally injected with cadmium chloride (CdCl₂) with different doses of CAPE pretreatment. After CdCl₂ injection, body/testis weight ratio decreased, Cd levels accumulated and zinc levels decreased in testis. Furthermore, Cd intoxication caused a significant increase of oxidative stress levels, antioxidant enzymes activities, and glutathione levels. Interestingly, significant improvements were observed after the administration of CAPE. Our results demonstrated the protective effect of CAPE, linking Cd testicular dysfunction to oxidative stress.