线性法测量皮质下缺血性血管病患者脑萎缩及其与认知损害的相关性分析

目的通过线性法测量皮质下缺血性血管病(SIVD)患者脑萎缩,分析其与认知功能损害的相关性。方法共纳入SIVD组50例,健康对照组50例。所有入组对象均完成一般情况评定、Mo CA量表评估认知功能、头颅MRI检查,线性法进行脑萎缩测量。结果 SIVD组代表脑室系统横径的测量值及脑沟测量值,除桥池宽度外,均较对照组显著增大(P 0. 05)。SIVD组的脑萎缩测量相对值除脑干指数外,均显著高于对照组(P 0. 05)。SIVD组双侧侧脑室两额角间最宽距离、双侧侧脑室额角两侧尾状核头间最小距离、第三脑室宽度、双侧侧脑室腰部外侧壁最小距离与Mo CA评分呈显著负相关(P 0. 05)。SIVD组脑萎缩测量相对值中的额角指数、尾状核指数、哈氏值、第三脑室宽度与视空间能力、计算力、延迟记忆和定向力均呈负相关(P 0. 05)。结论 SIVD患者存在明显的皮质和皮质下萎缩,并与认知功能损害相关。哈氏值、额角指数、尾状核指数、第三脑室宽度可作为SIVD患者脑萎缩的预测指标,提示执行功能/视空间及计算力、记忆力的损害。     

An epidemiologic study of sleep-disordered breathing in a large sample of Chinese adolescents

Journal of Public Health - Sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) is common among adolescents and is associated with short- and long-term consequences. Data on the prevalence and epidemiologic...     

Screening of human anti-TNF-alpha scFv from large phage library

AIM: To clone human anti-TNF-alpha scFv from large phage antibody library. METHODS: Panning of large phage library against TNF-alpha was conducted to select specific antibodies. The antigen binding activity and DNA sequence were determined and analyzed by ELISA, restriction enzyme map. RESULTS: After 4 rounds of panning, 62 positive clones were obtained and 27 clones had specific binding ability to TNF-alpha. DNA fingerprinting of the 27 clones showed 7 different stripes indicated 7 different positive clones. 5 of the 7 clones expressed soluble anti-TNF-alpha activity. DNA sequence analysis showed that the variable regions of these scFvs belonged to different subgroups. CONCLUSION: Human TNF-alpha scFv have been successfully obtained from large phage antibody library.     

Carnosine inhibits pentylenetetrazol-induced seizures by histaminergic mechanisms in histidine decarboxylase knock-out mice

In the present study, we used both histidine decarboxylase-deficient (HDC-KO) mice and wild-type (WT) mice to elucidate the possible role of carnosine in pentylenetetrazol (PTZ)-induced seizures. In the acute PTZ challenge study, PTZ (75 mg/kg) was injected intraperitoneally (i.p.) to induce seizures. Carnosine (200, 500 or 1000 mg/kg, i.p.) significantly decreased seizure stage, and prolonged the latency for myoclonic jerks in WT mice in a dose-dependent manner. The effects of carnosine (500 mg/kg) were time-dependent and reached a peak at 1 h. However, it had no significant effect on HDC-KO mice. Carnosine (500 mg/kg) also significantly elevated the thresholds in WT mice but not HDC-KO mice following intravenous (tail vein) administration of PTZ. We also found that α-fluoromethylhistidine substantially reversed the protective effects of carnosine in WT mice. In addition, carnosine pretreatment reduced the cortical EEG activity induced by PTZ (75 mg/kg, i.p.). These results indicate that carnosine can protect against PTZ-induced seizures and its action is mainly through the carnosine–histidine–histamine metabolic pathway. This suggests that carnosine may be an endogenous anticonvulsant factor in the brain and may be used as a new antiepileptic drug in the future.     

巴氨西林的人体药代动力学研究

目的建立正常人血浆中巴氨西林浓度的HPLC测定方法,研究巴氨西林在正常人体内的药代动力学行为.方法采用反相高效液相色谱-紫外检测的方法,测定巴氨西林在人体中的主要代谢产物氨苄西林的血药浓度.流动相11mmol/LKH\-2PO\-4(含0.1ml/L冰醋酸)-甲醇(78∶22,v/v).色谱柱为HypersilODS2,5μm,150mm×4.6mmID,紫外检测波长231nm.测定20名男性健康志愿受试者单剂量口服800mg巴氨西林片后血药浓度-时间过程.结果方法的专属性较好,血浆中杂质不干扰样品的测定.方法的回收率大于90%,日间日内变异系数低浓度小于20%,高浓度小于10%,线性范围0.316～20.220μg/ml(r=0.9998,n=5),最低检测浓度0.316μg/ml,符合生物样品分析要求.受试者口服巴氨西林片800mg后,以巴氨西林体内的主要活性代谢产物氨苄西林估算的末端相半衰期(T1/2)1.13±0.31h,峰时间(Tmax)0.81±0.30h,峰浓度(Cmax)10.75±2.53μg/ml,MRT2.01±0.40h,21.25±4.20μg·     

亚甲基四氢叶酸还原酶基因多态性与原发性高血压的关系

目的：探讨上海社区人群亚甲基四氢叶酸还原酶（ｍｅｔｈｙｌｅｎｅｔｅｔｒａｈｙｄｒｏｆｏｌａｔｅｒｅｄｕｃｔａｓｅ,ＭＴＨＦＲ）基因多态性与原发性高血压的关系。方法：用聚合酶链反应限制性片段的多态性（ｐｏｌｙｍｅｒａｓｅｃｈａｉｎｒｅａｃｔｉｏｎｒｅｓｔｒｉｃｔｉｏｎｆｒａｇｍｅｎｔｌｅｎｇｔｈｐｏｌｙｍｏｒｐｈｉｓｍ,ＰＣＲＲＦＬＰ）技术,检测１２７例原发性高血压及１７０例正常对照的ＭＴＨＦＲ基因多态性。结果：ＭＴＨＦＲ基因第６７７位核苷酸呈多态性,可分为３种类型：Ｃ／Ｃ、Ｔ／Ｔ、Ｃ／Ｔ。原发性高血压病例组３种基因型频率为：Ｃ／Ｃ,３４．６％;Ｃ／Ｔ,５３．５％;Ｔ／Ｔ,１１．８％。对照组中分别为３６．５％;４９．４％;１４．１％。病例组与对照组Ｔ／Ｔ基因型频率无显著性差异。结论：在上海社区人群中,ＭＴＨＦＲ基因多态性可能不是原发性高血压的危险因素。     

成都市一类幼儿园儿童乳牙龋病调查分析

目的:了解成都市一类幼儿园儿童乳牙龋病的患病情况。方法:采用第2次全国口腔健康流行病学调查标准,调查成都市一类幼儿园在园儿童11 418人龋齿患病情况。结果:成都市一类幼儿园儿童患龋率48.87%,龋均为1.822,dm ft为20 804。结论:成都市一类幼儿园儿童乳牙患龋率较国内其他地区低,加强对教师和家长的儿童口腔卫生保健知识及方法的宣传并对儿童龋病进行早期预防保健治疗有着重要意义。     

Second-trimester double or triple screening for Down syndrome: a comparison of Chinese and Caucasian populations.

OBJECTIVES: To compare the performance of double screening (measuring maternal serum levels of alpha-fetoprotein [AFP] and total beta-human chorionic gonadotrophin [hCG] as markers for Down syndrome) with that of triple screening (also measuring levels of unconjugated estriol [uE3]) in the second trimester of pregnancy, and to compare ethnic variance between Chinese and Caucasian populations. METHODS: The study investigated 15096 normal singleton pregnancies and 24 pregnancies affected with Down syndrome. Frequency distributions of AFP, hCG, and uE3 levels were analyzed. Likelihood ratios (LRs) were calculated using the multiple of median value (MoM) of AFP, hCG, and uE3 as variables. After multiplying maternal age risk by the LR values for the markers used in double and triple screening, the specific risks obtained with double and triple screening were estimated. The detection rate (DR) and false-positive rate (FPR) were calculated at different cut-off points. The serum markers' levels were also compared with those of Caucasian women. RESULTS: The median MoM value of hCG was higher in women with affected pregnancies (1.40) than those with unaffected pregnancies (1.00). However, the median MoMs of AFP and uE3 (0.79 and 0.68) were lower in affected than in unaffected pregnancies. At a FPR of 5%, the detection rates reached with double and triple screening were 50% and 66.7%, respectively. Ratios of the 3 serum markers' medians to those in a study with Caucasian women were 1.06 (range=1.04-1.09) for AFP, 1.14 (range=1.10-1.17) for hCG, and 1.28 (range=1.23-1.41) for uE3 for the relevant gestational weeks. CONCLUSION: Triple screening performed better than double screening in the second trimester. Ethnic variance should be taken into account in Down syndrome screening.     

长期单眼配戴角膜塑形镜对眼表的影响

目的：探讨持续单眼配戴角膜塑形镜对眼表的影响。

方法：回顾性研究2013-01/2015-12在无锡市101医院眼科门诊就诊的单眼近视眼(对侧眼为正视眼)持续配戴角膜塑形镜6mo以上的患者。观察戴镜眼和非戴镜眼在戴镜前和戴镜后各时间点(1wk,1、3、6mo)的泪膜破裂时间、泪液基础分泌量、角膜中央厚度、角膜内皮细胞密度、结膜充血、角膜上皮荧光素染色的情况。

结果：单眼持续配戴角膜塑形镜患者共53例,年龄10.43±1.70岁,等效球镜度-3.37±1.50D。戴镜眼戴镜1wk泪膜破裂时间缩短,戴镜后1wk与戴镜后1、3、6mo泪膜破裂时间相比,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05); 非戴镜眼泪膜破裂时间各时间点无明显差异(P>0.05)。戴镜眼和非戴镜眼戴镜后各时间点泪液基础分泌量与戴镜前相比,差异均不明显(P>0.05)。戴镜后各时间点角膜中央厚度和角膜内皮细胞密度与戴镜前比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。戴镜眼角膜上皮染色主要为Ⅰ级点染,Ⅰ级点染在戴镜后1wk,1、3、6mo分别为10眼(19%)、6眼(11%)、8眼(15%)、6眼(11%),Ⅱ级点染分别为1眼(2%)、0眼、0眼、1眼(2%)。10例患者戴镜后会出现结膜充血(评分1分)。所有病例在及时停戴、使用抗生素及角膜修复剂后,角膜上皮点状染色均消失,结膜充血消退。非戴镜眼观察期内未见明显结膜充血,角膜上皮染色均为0级。

结论：持续配戴角膜塑形镜会引起泪膜稳定性的下降,结膜、角膜上皮会出现不同程度的影响,但对泪液分泌、角膜厚度和角膜内皮细胞无明显影响。非戴镜眼无明显眼表损害。     

Development and characterization of polymorphic microsatellites in Ficus sarmentosa var. henryi

Figs are keystone resources of tropical and subtropical forests since they are speciose and supporting plenteous animals. Ficus sarmentosa var. henryi (King) Corner, a functionally dioecious evergreen fig, is threatened by habitat loss and fragmentation. However, genetic information has hitherto been nearly terra incognita for this species, which hinders the protection and management of this species and the forests. In this study, we developed and characterized 10 polymorphic microsatellites in F. sarmentosa var. henryi. The numbers of alleles per locus varied from 2 to 15. The observed and expected heterozygosities within populations were 0–0.857 and 0–0.876, respectively. These polymorphic microsatellites will contribute to further population genetic studies, and thereby benefit resource conservation and forest protection.