基于雨课堂的临床流行病学教学改革与实践

目的探讨雨课堂在临床流行病学教学中的作用和效果。方法采用随机对照法在本科阶段无流行病学学习经历的临床专业硕士研究生中,使用雨课堂线上课前预习及课后随堂练习的功能,用于评价雨课堂线上功能的辅助教学效果。结果应用雨课堂线上功能干预组与对照组在基线、阶段小测和末考卷面成绩均无统计学差异;但对于主动学习,雨课堂参与度较高的学生成绩提高明显。结论雨课堂有利于理论性较强课程的学习,但是仍不能忽略课堂教学师生互动过程。     

461例乳腺癌患者抑郁症和焦虑症患病现状及其影响因素

目的 探讨新疆乳腺癌患者抑郁症和焦虑症患病现状及其影响因素。 方法 选取2018年1—12月在新疆医科大学第三附属医院住院的所有乳腺癌患者为研究对象,采用抑郁自评量表和焦虑自评量表开展横断面调查,评价乳腺癌患者合并抑郁症和焦虑症现状,并采用二元logistic回归模型分析乳腺癌患者合并抑郁症或焦虑症的影响因素。 结果 461例乳腺癌患者中抑郁症患者为197例(42.73%),其中轻度、中度和重度抑郁症患者分别为146例(31.67%)、44例(9.54%)、7例(1.52%);焦虑症患者为240例(52.06%),其中轻度、中度和重度焦虑症患者分别为146例(31.67%)、64例(13.88%)、30例(6.51%)。多因素结果显示:未做过化疗(OR=0.355,95%CI:0.165~0.761)、低收入(OR=9.211,95%CI:3.303~25.685)、病程短(OR=7.716,95%CI:1.773~33.577)和每周锻炼≤150 min(OR=2.718,95%CI:1.777~4.155)为乳腺癌合并抑郁症影响因素;农村户籍(OR=1.835,95%CI:1.142~2.957)、病程短(OR=2.208,95%CI:1.377~3.541)和每周锻炼≤150 min(OR=1.939,95%CI:1.303~2.886)为乳腺癌合并焦虑症影响因素。 结论 新疆地区女性乳腺癌患者中抑郁症和焦虑症的患病率较高,应积极采取干预措施,降低患者抑郁、焦虑等负性情绪的发生,提高患者生活质量,改善其预后。     

三维节段脊柱内固定系统在脊柱矫形术中的应用

目的评价三维节段脊柱内固定系统在不同脊柱畸形中的应用效果.方法应用三维节段脊柱内固定系统CD、TSRH等治疗脊柱畸形26例,其中特发性侧凸19例,先天性侧凸2例,后凸畸形5例,均以后路矫形自体骨植骨融合.结果所有病例经6～27个月随访,平均10.4个月.侧凸冠状面畸形平均矫正率为61.4%;矢状面后凸术后平均32.5°;旋转畸形平均矫正Ⅰ度,顶椎最大偏距平均矫正率为65.1%;后凸畸形平均矫正率为59.2%.所有病例无脱钩、断棍、感染、骨折以及脊髓神经损伤.结论三维节段脊柱内固定系统不仅可以完成畸形的三维矫正,而且矫正可靠,稳定性高,术后可不用石膏固定.     

新疆地区4000例遗传咨询患者细胞遗传学分析

目的统计遗传咨询患者染色体异常的类型和发生概率,研究细胞遗传学检查在临床诊断中的应用价值。方法采用常规外周血淋巴细胞培养及染色体制备,G显带,镜下核型分析。结果4000例遗传咨询患者中共检出染色体异常核型540例,检出率为13.50％。其中唐氏综合征92例,占总数的2.30％;特纳综合征22例,占总数的0.55％;平衡易位38例,占总数的0.95％;罗氏易位12例,占总数的0.30％;染色体倒位76例,占总数的1.90％;常染色体多态性变异216例,占总数的5.40％;Y染色体多态性变异70例,占总数的1.75％;另见染色体部分缺失6例,标记染色体3例,衍生染色体2例。结论染色体核型分析结果是临床诊断及优生优育的重要参考依据;进行遗传咨询、产前筛查和产前诊断可有效降低出生缺陷。     

小脑幕褶皱脑膜瘤的分型与手术治疗

目的探讨小脑幕褶皱脑膜瘤的分型,并对预后结果进行回顾性分析研究。方法回顾性分析近11年间在我院经手术证实的起源于天幕褶皱的连续21例脑膜瘤。肿瘤最大直径1~6 cm,平均值为2.76 cm。症状包括瞳孔大小不等、复视、上睑下垂、偏盲和共济失调等。随访周期1~36个月不等。根据肿瘤生长部位,分为三种不同亚型。结果肿瘤切除程度达到SimpsonⅡ级19例,Ⅲ级1例,Ⅳ级1例。术后出现新的暂时性神经功能障碍2例,永久性神经功能障碍7例。2例神经功能障碍患者复查时得到恢复。结论小脑幕褶皱脑膜瘤术后永久性动眼神经、外展神经障碍的发生率较高,术前应予以充分考虑。并且寻找相对的平衡点,最大限度的提高患者的术后生活质量。     

ABO-incompatible adult living donor liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma

Living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) offers timely transplantation for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). If ABO-incompatible LDLT is feasible, the need for pretransplantation treatment may be eliminated, which may reduce overall morbidity. In this article, we have described 8 adult HCC patients who successfully underwent LDLT from ABO-incompatible donors. Antirejection therapy included multiple preoperative plasmaphereses, splenectomy, and an immunosuppressive regimen with tacrolimus, methylprednisolone, and mycophenolate mofetil. The maintenance dose of immunosuppression did not differ from that of the ABO-identical cases. In addition, we also performed intrahepatic arterial infusion of prostaglandin E1. In 5 patients, we administered a single dose of rituximab, a chimeric CD20 monoclonal antibody. As a result of this treatment, 6/8 patients are still alive. Our experience has shown that it is possible to control antibody-mediated humoral rejection and other complications in adult ABO-incompatible LDLT.     

Anti‐Arthritic and Antiinflammatory Effects of the Traditional Uighur Formula Kursi Caper In Vivo

Kursi Caper (KC) is a Uighur medicine based on caper which is widely used to treat arthritis and rheumatism, and preliminary studies in our laboratory showed that this traditional formula may possess potent antiinflammatory effects. This study confirms the antiinflammatory effect of KC in the adjuvant induced arthritis (AIA) model, the carrageenan and cotton‐pellet induced granuloma rat models, and further investigates in vivo the mechanism of action by measuring relevant indicators of anti‐arthritic activity. KC showed significant and dose‐dependent anti‐arthritic and antiinflammatory effects, demonstrated by reduced paw edema and arthritic scores in all animal models. Histopathological examination showed that KC reduced levels of synovial inflammatory factors in AIA rats. The overproduction of TNF‐α and IL‐1β was attenuated, and CAT, MDA and SOD levels were restored to normal in KC‐treated rats. KC also significantly reduced LPS‐induced proliferation of B lymphocytes and ConA induced proliferation of T lymphocytes in a dose‐dependent manner. Flow cytometry showed that the high dose KC‐treated group had a significantly decreased frequency of Th17 cells. This study indicates that KC can significantly attenuate arthritis and inflammation in rats by decreasing the levels of inflammatory cytokines, regulating oxidative stress, reducing lymphocyte proliferation and decreasing Th17. This supports the traditional use of KC as a potential modern therapeutic agent for the treatment of arthritis and related conditions. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Current possibilities for detecting high risk of cardiovascular disease

Current possibilities for better detecting high risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) and stroke and peripheral arterial disease are described in this review. A first step is based on risk factors assessment that allows establishing high-risk diagnostic, either by detecting a condition termed as "CHD risk equivalent" and defined by one or more severe major risk factor, or by calculating multifactorial risk in asymptomatic subjects with a global risk score integrating several moderate risk factors. A second diagnostic step, concerning subjects not considered at high-risk by risk factors assessment, is based on non-invasive detection of sub clinical atherosclerosis via a wide variety of structural and functional arterial markers. A third step focuses on detection of myocardial ischemia that may add diagnostic and prognostic information in subjects with high CHD risk. The implementation of high-risk strategy is not yet standardized but it should allow improving cost-effectiveness of cardiovascular prevention, particularly in asymptomatic subjects.     

伊宁市19例HIV-1感染者gag基因序列分型研究

目的：通过扩增伊宁市维吾尔族HIV-1感染者gag基因片段,确定该民族HIV-1感染者流行株的基因亚型。方法：抽提20例新疆伊宁市HIV-1感染者的血浆标本的RNA,用巢式PCR扩增gag基因片段。将所得到的序列与国际标准株进行比较,确定被检标本的亚型。结果：在20例HIV感染者的血浆标本中,共成功扩增19例gag基因片段,扩增率为95％。经BLAST初步判断和构建进化树并与国际标准株比对确认,19例感染者感染的HIV毒株序列中,发现18例为CRF07_BC亚型,1例为C亚型。19例毒株之间的平均基因距离为0．043±0．003,与3例CKF07_BC亚型国际参考株之间的平均基因距离在0．034±0．004-0．039±0．005之间。结论：新疆伊宁市HIV-1感染者以CRF07_BC亚型为主要流行株。19例序列相互之间以及与3株不同来源的国际参考毒株之间表现出高度的同源性。