体外培养中IFN-γ、L-Arg 及L-NNA对NO合成的影响及NO抗旋毛虫的作用

目的　探讨体外培养中IFN γ、L Arg及L NNA对NO合成的影响及NO抗旋毛虫的作用。 方法　分离、纯化长爪沙鼠腹腔巨噬细胞 ,置RPMI16 4 0培养液中培养。设IFN γ组、L Arg组、L NNA组和对照组 ,每个实验组又分 5个不同的浓度组。分别向含有巨噬细胞的培养瓶中加入不同浓度的IFN γ、L Arg及L NNA进行体外培养。培养 2 4h后 ,用硝酸还原酶法分别测定培养液中的NO含量。将旋毛虫幼虫分别加入上述培养体系中进行体外培养 ,观察旋毛虫幼虫的活动及损伤。结果　①体外培养中 ,激活的巨噬细胞能产生NO ,IFN γ和L Arg能促进NO的合成 ,L NNA则能抑制NO的合成 ,这种促进或抑制NO合成的作用均具有剂量依赖性 ,剂量越高作用越明显。②加入旋毛虫幼虫后 ,在IFN γ和L Arg培养体系中 ,随着NO浓度的升高及作用时间的延长 ,对虫体的抑制及杀伤作用越来越明显 ,导致其活动度减弱 ,虫体破裂 ,最终死亡 ;在L NNA培养体系中 ,L NNA浓度越高 ,对虫体的影响越小。结论　①体外培养中 ,通过激活的巨噬细胞 ,IFN γ和L Arg能促进NO的合成 ,给予L NNA则能抑制NO的合成。②NO对旋毛虫幼虫有抑制及杀伤作用     

γ-Pyrone Compounds as Potential Anti-cancer Drugs

Abstract— The γ-pyrones, artomunoxanthotrione epoxide, cyclocommunol, cyclomulberrin, and cyclocommunin exhibited potent inhibition of human PLC/PRF/5 and KB cells in-vitro. Dihydroisocycloartomunin showed significant and potent inhibition of human PLC/PRF/5 and KB cells in-vitro, respectively. Cyclomorusin, dihydrocycloartomunin and artomunoxanthone showed significant inhibition of KB cells in-vitro. Based on the above finding and the reported antileukaemic activity of xanthone psorospermin, a series of natural γ-pyrones was prepared and the inhibition of human PLC/PRF/5 and KB cells in-vitro was measured. Structure-activity analysis indicated the epoxide group substituted at 3-hydroxyl and 2,6-; 3,6-; and 3,5-dihydroxyl xanthone enhanced the anti-tumour activity. The epoxide group substituted at the 6-hydroxyl group of 1,6-dihydroxyxanthone did not show anti-tumour activity.     

Risk of insomnia and hypnotics use among emergency physicians

This study investigated the risk of insomnia and hypnotics use among emergency physicians. This cross-sectional study recruited physicians working in Taiwanese hospitals in 2015 and the general population as the participants. Data from 1,097 emergency physicians obtained from the National Health Insurance Research Database were grouped into the case group, whereas 14,112 nonemergency physicians and 4,388 people from the general population were categorized into the control groups. This study used logistic regression and conditional logistic regression to compare the risks of insomnia between emergency and nonemergency physicians and between emergency physicians and the general population, respectively. The prevalence of insomnia among emergency physicians, nonemergency physicians and general population was 5.56%, 4.08%, and 1.73%, respectively. Compared with nonemergency physicians and the general population, emergency physicians had a significantly higher risk of insomnia. The proportions of emergency physicians, nonemergency physicians, and general population using hypnotics were 19.96%, 18.24%, and 13.26%, respectively. Among emergency physicians who used hypnotics, 49.77%, 25.57%, and 24.66% used only benzodiazepines, only nonbenzodiazepines, and both benzodiazepines and nonbenzodiazepines, respectively. Nonpharmacological interventions to improve insomnia and reminder of safe use of hypnotics to emergency physicians can serve as references for hospitals in developing health-promoting activities.     

喉大部切除联合双蒂肌皮瓣声门整复术的疗效

目的 探讨喉癌手术的疗效,提高喉癌病人的生存质量。方法 ５３例男性声门型鳞状细胞癌采用垂直前侧位喉大部切除颈前皮瓣和肌筋膜双蒂整复术。术后辅以放疗。结果 ５３例病人术后吞咽及发音功能基本恢复,拔管率９２．５％,３年生存率为８２．５％,５年生存率为７６．８％。结论 对一侧声带癌向前至声带前联合并累及对侧声带前１／３的病人,采用垂直前侧位喉大部切除颈前皮瓣和肌筋膜双蒂整复是一种有效的术式,在切除肿瘤的     

分级护理干预防范高危患者就诊突发意外的效果观察

目的改进分诊工作模式,防范门诊高危患者就诊突发意外。方法收集对门诊高危患者实施分级护理干预前后的有关数据资料,以突发意外例数及发生率、突发意外死亡例数及死亡率为观察指标,比较实施分级护理干预对防范门诊高危患者就诊突发意外的效果。结果实施干预措施后就诊突发意外上述各项指标均有不同程度下降,与之前同类指标比较差异有显著性(P<0.01)。结论在门诊尝试性开展分级护理干预并形成规范,能够规范护士执业行为,增强责任心,自觉提高风险预见、防范及急救能力,从而提高门诊护理质量,提升服务内涵,减少门诊高危患者就诊突发意外现象,降低意外的发生率和死亡率,规避由此引发的医疗纠纷,减少医院的经济和社会声誉损失。     

质子泵抑制剂的研究进展

质子泵抑制剂(proton pump inhibitor,PPIs)为苯并咪唑类衍生物,特异性和非竞争性的作用于H /K -ATP酶,能抑制基础胃酸的分泌及组胺、进食等多种刺激引起的酸分泌,具有起效快、作用强和持续时间长的特点,是治疗酸相关性疾病的首选药物,在根除幽门螺杆菌(Helicobacter pylori,Hp     

Acculturation,collectivist orientation and organisational commitment among Asian nurses working in the US healthcare system

liou s.-r., tsai h.-m. & cheng c.-y. (2013) Journal of Nursing Management  21 , 614–623 Acculturation, collectivist orientation and organisational commitment among Asian nurses working in the US healthcare system Aim To examine the relationships between acculturation, collectivist orientation and organisational commitment among Asian nurses in US hospitals. Background Few studies have explored these three variables together in the same study and examined their statuses and mutual relationship among Asian nurses in Western hospitals. Method The study was a cross-sectional design using snowball sampling. A total of 195 Asian nurses participated. The collectivist orientation scale, organisational commitment questionnaire and acculturation factors were used to collect data. Pearson correlation, anova and regression were used to analyse the data. Results Most participants were female Filipinos with a mean age of 39.92 and a bachelor’s degree and stayed in the USA for 13.35 years. They used and preferred to use both their mother language and English, identified themselves as Oriental or Asian and culturally, viewed themselves as very or mostly Asian. Participants scored high on collectivism and commitment. Collectivism was significantly correlated with commitment but did not mediate acculturation factors and commitment. Conclusion To increase Asian nurses’ commitment, it is important that administrators understand their cultural values and provide them with a cultural competent and sensitive environment. Implications for nursing management Healthcare administrators can increase Asian nurses’ commitment through understanding their needs and attitudes toward their job and organisation.     

多囊卵巢综合征患者外周血生长激素水平测定

为了解多囊卵巢综合征肌（ＰＣＯＳ）患者生长激素（ＧＨ）水平，对２１例（肥胖１０例，非肥胖１１例）ＰＣＯＳ患者进行外周血ＧＨ测定，并以２６名（肥胖１２名、非肥胖１４名）正常月经周期妇女作对照。结果：（１）ＰＣＯＳ患者ＧＨ含量（肥胖组０．９１±０．３５ｐｇ／Ｌ，非肥胖组１．３４±０．４９μｇ／Ｌ）较相应正常对照组（肥胖组１．８６±０．５８μｇ／Ｌ，非肥胖组２．１１±０．８８μｇ／Ｌ）降低（Ｐ＜０．０１，Ｐ＜０．０５）。（２）ＰＣＯＳ患者肥胖组较非肥胖组ＧＨ明显降低。认为ＰＣＯＳ患者伴ＧＨ相对不足，可能与下丘脑生长抑素活性、肥胖和高胰岛素血症有关     

组织工程骨复合骨形态发生蛋白修复兔颅骨缺损

目的 探讨组织工程化骨修复兔颅骨缺损的实用价值及合理应用BMP的方法。方法 将自体成骨样细胞即刻种植在复合BMP的胶原包埋的聚羟基乙酸（PGA）的基质材料和不含BMP的基质材料上，然后将不同的复合体或单纯基质材料移植到兔颅骨的一侧全层骨缺损区，作为实验侧Ⅰ、实验侧Ⅱ或实验侧Ⅲ。对侧设对照，不作任何植入。将60只新西兰兔分别于术后2，6，8及12wk处死，标本行大体组织学检查，X线摄片及灰量测定检查。结果 表明实验侧Ⅰ成骨量明显大于实验侧Ⅱ或实验侧Ⅲ（P＜0．01），而对照侧仅为纤维组织修复。结论 组织工程骨可修复自体的兔颅骨缺损，应用外源性BMP可促进骨再生，为组织工程化骨在颅面外科及整形外科领域的临床应用奠定了基础。     

谷氨酰胺对缺血-再灌注损伤大鼠肠黏膜炎性反应和通透性的影响

目的 研究谷氨酰胺（Gln）对缺血-再灌注损伤大鼠肠黏膜炎性反应和通透性的影响.方法 将48只SD大鼠肠系膜上动脉夹闭造成缺血后恢复血流,建立肠缺血-再灌注损伤模型,将造模后的SD大鼠按随机数字表分为对照组（n=24）和模型＋Gln组（n=24）,两组大鼠肠内营养供给量为热量125.4 kJ/ （kg·d）,氮量0.2g/ （kg·d）,模型＋Gln组喂饲肠内营养加3％ Gln,对照组大鼠喂饲肠内营养加3％大豆蛋白,造模后实验持续8d.检测造模前、造模后、实验第3天和第8天大鼠肠黏膜和血浆核因子-κB （NF-κB）、肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）、白细胞介素-6（IL-6）、Gln、D-乳酸（D-LAC）和二胺氧化酶（DAO）的变化.观察小肠黏膜形态学变化.结果 造模后对照组和模型＋ Gln组大鼠肠黏膜NF-κB表达明显高于造模前（75.0％比0.0％,P=0.013; 70.8％比0.0％,P=0.019）;肠黏膜IL-6明显高于造模前[（313.27±75.28） pg/g比（227.52 ±58.13） pg/g,P=0.023; （321.75±74.46） pg/g比（227.52±58.13） pg/g,P=0.043];肠黏膜TNF-α[（241.28±65.29） pg/g、（240.35 ±64.86） pg/g]明显高于造模前[（172.45±33.76） pg/g,P=0.036,P=0.011];血浆IL-6[（150.32±18.74） ng/L、（148.21 ±20.19） ng/L]明显高于造模前[（116.37±14.59） ng/L,P=0.032,P=0.025];血浆TNF-α[（127.62±14.24） ng/L、（123.86±13.75） ng/L]明显高于造模前[（85.18±8.84） ng/L,P=0.018,P=0.035]; D-LAC[（0.46±0.03） mmol/L、（0.51 ±0.04） mmol/L]明显高于造模前[（0.27±0.02） mmol/L,P=0.041,P=0.018]; DAO[（2.76±0.57） U/ml、（2.58±0.51） U/ml]明显高于造模前[（1.52±0.24） U/ml,P=0.015,P =0.037];而血浆Gln[（0.18±0.01） g/L、（0.21±0.01） g/L]明显低于造模前[（0.39±0.03） g/L,P =0.026,P=0.031].实验第3天和实验第8天,对照组大鼠肠黏膜NF-κB[16例（66.7％）、15例（62.5％）]显著高于造模前[0例（0.0％）,P=0.027,P=0.002];肠黏膜TNF-α[（226.23±55.35） pg/g、（214.76 ±54.82） pg/g]显著高于造模前[（172.45±33.76） pg/g,P=0.042,P=0.038];肠黏膜IL-6[（297.56±71.39） pg/g、（291.49±68.46） pg/g]显著高于造模前[（227.52±58.13） pg/g,P=0.031,P=0.012];血浆IL-6 [（147.38±17.25） ng/L、（144.65±15.32） ng/L]显著高于造模前[（116.37±14.59） ng/L,P=0.016,P=0.034];血浆TNF-α[（121.75±13.72）ng/L、（113.83±11.69） ng/L]显著高于造模前[（85.18±8.84） ng/L,P=0.025,P=0.041];D-LAC[（0.41 ±0.03） mmol/L、（0.53±0.05） mmol/L]显著高于造模前[（0.27±0.02） mmol/L,P=0.029,P=0.030]; DAO [（2.51±0.52） U/ml、（1.76±0.34） U/ml]显著高于造模前[（1.52±0.24） U/ml,P=0.034,P=0.016];但血浆Gln[（0.22±0.01） g/L、（0.21±0.03） g/L]显著低于造模前[（0.39±0.03） g/L,P=0.042,P=0.035].实验第3天模型＋Gln组肠黏膜NF-κB、TNF-α、IL-6 [14例（58.3％）、（213.78±43.76） pg/g、（293.72±69.86） pg/g]明显高于造模前（P=0.038、0.026、0.013）;血浆IL-6、TNF-α、D-LAC、DAO [（135.61 ±14.25） ng/L、（117.35±11.29）ng/L、（0.45 ±0.03） mmol/L、（2.26 ±0.43） U/ml]明显高于造模前（P=0.021、0.032、0.032、0.025）.实验第8天模型＋ Gln组肠黏膜NF-κB、TNF-α、IL-6[9例（37.5％）、（184.53 ±42.16） pg/g、（236.83 ±66.52） pg/g]明显低于造模后和对照组（P=0.024,P=0.027; P=0.026,P=0.039;P =0.013,P=0.028）;血浆IL-6、TNF-α、D-LAC、DAO[（126.35 ±12.74）ng/L、（92.76±9.42）ng/L、（0.31 ±0.02） mmol/L、（1.76 ±0.34） U/ml]明显低于造模后和对照组（P=0.021,P=0.030;P=0.032,P=0.025;P=0.024,P=0.037;P=0.022,P=0.036）,而血浆Gln水平[（0.40±0.03） g/L]明显高于造模后和对照组（P =0.028、0.032）.电镜下可见造模后绒毛、隐窝结构一定程度损害,绒毛稀疏且变短,固有膜内大量炎性细胞浸润,淋巴管扩张、水肿.实验第8天,模型＋Gln组与造模后和对照组比较小肠绒毛、隐窝结构显著恢复;对照组与造模后比较肠黏膜绒毛、隐窝结构恢复不明显,固有膜内仍有炎性细胞浸润.结论 Gln通过调节肠黏膜炎性因子的释放,抑制炎症反应,降低肠黏膜的通透性,修复缺血-再灌注后损伤的肠黏膜.