不同受精时间对体外受精-胚胎移植结局的影响

目的探讨受精时间的长短对卵子受精率、卵裂率、优质胚胎率、种植率、妊娠率和流产率的影响.方法以82个体外受精-胚胎移植（IVF—ET）周期为研究对象，要求每个周期获卵数最少为3枚，按精-卵共培养时间分为3组：1h受精组，共266枚卵，2h受精组，共335枚卵，16—20h受精组，共257枚卵。比较3组的受精率、卵裂率、优质胚胎率、种植率、妊娠率（生化妊娠率和临床妊娠率）和流产率。结果2h受精组受精率最高为87．46％，与另外2组比较，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。3组种植率、妊娠率和流产率与比较，差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论短时受精可以提高卵子的受精率，并能提高种植率和妊娠率，降低流产率。     

前白蛋白放射免疫分析方法的建立及其初步应用

用人工重组的人前白蛋白多次免疫大耳白兔,获取高效价的前白蛋白抗体。用氯胺T法制备I前白蛋白,再经Sephadex G-25纯化;抗原抗体反应采用平衡一步法,4C培养24 h后经PR试剂分离结合和游离的标记抗原。该法测定范围为12.5-500 ng/ml,最低检出量为20 ng/ml,批内和批间误差分别小于6.4％和8.5％。用该法测得血清前白蛋白人均含量,20-30岁健康人(35例)为(38.49±1.56)μg/ml;70岁以上老人(33例)为(39.24±1.64)ptg/ml;实体肿瘤患者(72例)明显下降为(26.58±2.66)μg/ml。结果表明该法稳定,简便特异,灵敏度适于检出人血清中的前白蛋白水平的变化。     

谷胱甘肽对肝缺血再灌注损伤细胞因子的影响

 目的观察炎性细胞因子在家兔肝缺血再灌注(Ischemia-reperfusion,I/R)损伤中的变化及谷胱甘肽的保护机制.方法将30只健康家兔随机分为对照组、I/R组和谷胱甘肽保护组,制备肝缺血再灌注损伤模型,测定3组血清或血浆和肝组织中ALT、MDA、TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6、IL-8含量,观察肝脏病理变化和肝组织中PMN浸润数.结果肝I/R组损伤后,ALT、MDA、TNT-α、IL-1β、IL-6、IL-8含量相继明显升高,肝组织中中性粒细胞(PMN)浸润明显增多(P＜0.05),肝脏出现明显的病理变化;使用谷胱甘肽后,上述指标的异常变化均明显减轻,差异有显著性意义(P＜0.05).结论炎性细胞因子参与了肝I/R损伤,甘胱甘肽通过清除氧自由基,减少炎性细胞因子的生成,减轻PMN在病变部位聚集,对肝I/R损伤有积极的保护作用.     

IDENTICAL SYNDROMES OF CEREBRAL PALSY IN THE SAME FAMILY

Familial cases of cerebral palsy were traced all over Sweden. Fortythree families were collected, in 30 of which the patients were siblings. The families were divided into three groups: (1) 16 families with cases of identical syndromes and a history of normal pregnancy, delivery and perinatal period; (2) 3 families with cases of identical syndromes but an abnormal perinatal period; (3) 24 families with non-identical syndromes. Within the first group, which is of main genetic importance, 10 families were found with 2-3 siblings affected with congenital non-progressive ataxia and mental retardation, the mode of inheritance with all probability being autosomal recessive. Three families showed ataxic diplegia, two of them only in siblings, the third with affected members of both sexes represented in three generations. Surprisingly enough, pure spastic diplegia was only revealed in one family, viz. a grandfather and his grandson. Spastic tetraplegia was found in two mentally retarded siblings in an otherwise healthy sibship of 11 members. True microcephaly combined with a dystonic tetraplegic cerebral palsy was seen in one family and was thought to have an autosomal recessive inheritance as in similar cases reported in the literature. Chromosome studies and laboratory screening tests revealed no abnormalities indicating particular aetiological mechanisms.     

普伐他汀治疗肾移植术后血脂异常的前瞻性研究

目的 探讨他汀类药物对肾移植术后血脂异常的疗效。方法 将27例肾移植术后高胆固醇血症患者（血浆胆固醇总量水平〉6．2mmol／L）作为普伐他汀组，患者每日口服普伐他汀10mg，每晚1次，疗程8周。另取健康男、女各15例作为对照组，对照组在8周内未服用任何药物。测定普伐他汀组治疗前、后及对照组的血清胆固醇总量（TC）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）、甘油三酯（TG）、血浆内皮素（ET）、一氧化氮（NO）的变化。采用高分辨血管外超声技术测定各组肱动脉血流介导的舒张功能及服用硝酸甘油介导的舒张功能。结果 普伐他汀组治疗前血浆ET含量显著高于对照组，NO含量则显著低于对照组；降脂治疗8周后，ET含量明显下降（P〈0．01），NO含量明显升高（P〈0．01），血TC、LDL-C、TG也较治疗前明显降低（P〈0．05）。普伐他汀组治疗前肱动脉血流介导的舒张功能低于对照组，治疗后较治疗前明显好转。结论 普伐他汀可有效治疗肾移植后血脂异常，并可显著改善血管内皮细胞功能。     

花柳珊瑚来源的真菌Arthrinium sp. 中的两个多羟基氧杂蒽酮类化合物及其抗病毒活性研究

摘 要：目的 研究从花柳珊瑚共附生真菌Arthrinium sp.分离得到的1-甲基-2,3,6,8-四羟基氧杂蒽酮（1）和1-甲基-2,3,4,6,8-五羟基氧杂蒽酮（2）的化学结构及其抗细菌和抗病毒活性。方法 利用现代波谱解析方法和X-ray单晶衍射技术,对化合物1和2的化学结构进行研究;利用抗细菌和抗病毒活性模型对其生物活性进行评价。结果 化合物1的结构首次通过单晶数据进一步确定;体外化合物1显示抗病毒活性,化合物1的IC50值为27.40 μM,强于阳性药利巴韦林的抗HSV活性(IC50 = 313.00 μM)。结论 化合物1的单晶数据、以及活性数据对今后系统研究氧杂蒽酮类化合物具有参考价值。     

上海市浦东新区饮用水三卤甲烷和卤乙酸含量及其健康风险评价

[目的]通过对水厂三卤甲烷和卤乙酸的检测及其健康风险评价,了解浦东新区出厂水消毒副产物含量分布及其对人群潜在的健康风险。[方法]选取浦东新区5家水厂出厂水,于2012年的3、5和6月份,2013年的3、5和8月份以及2014年的2月份采集水样共28份,分别检测三卤甲烷和卤乙酸浓度,结合风险评价模型对人群通过饮水途径暴露于三卤甲烷和卤乙酸进行健康风险评价。[结果]出厂水消毒副产物检出浓度最高者为D水厂丰水期的氯仿（15.0μg/L）;最低者为B水厂枯水期的二氯乙酸（未检出）;5水厂中氯仿浓度丰水期〉枯水期,二溴一氯甲烷和溴仿浓度丰水期〈枯水期;5水厂二氯乙酸和三氯乙酸浓度范围分别为未检出~5.00μg/L和0.55～8.25μg/L,其中三氯乙酸浓度在丰水期略高于枯水期,而二氯乙酸含量变化不大。经口致癌风险中二溴一氯甲烷居首位（最高为2.90×10-5）,最低为氯仿（5.30×10-7）。除丰水期溴仿（风险范围5.30×10-7～1.10×10-6）外,5水厂丰、枯水两时期的二溴一氯甲烷、一溴二氯甲烷、二氯乙酸和三氯乙酸致癌风险范围在2.00×10-6～2.90×10-5,高于美国环境保护署给出的可接受最低致癌风险（10-6）。非致癌风险氯仿最高,其次为枯水期的二氯乙酸。经口致癌和非致癌风险均表现为时期和性别差异：枯水期〉丰水期（5水厂氯仿和B水厂二氯乙酸和三氯乙酸的非致癌风险表现丰水期〉枯水期）,女性〉男性。[结论]5个水厂饮用水中二溴一氯甲烷和一溴二氯甲烷的致癌风险最高,氯仿和二氯乙酸非致癌风险最高,且枯水期大于丰水期,在改善饮用水加工工艺时应重视长期暴露于饮用水中消毒副产物引起的潜在健康风险,并针对枯水期和丰水期的差异进行工艺调整,降低水中消毒副产物对人群的健康危害。     

High–frequency jet ventilation vs continuous positive airway pressure for differential lung ventilation in patients undergoing resection of thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm

Twenty patients, scheduled for surgical resection of thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm were divided into two groups according to the type of differential lung ventilation used during graft replacement of the descending thoracic aorta. In the high–frequency jet ventilation (HFJV) group of ten patients, HFJV was applied to the left lung once collapsed and retracted by the surgeon, the patient lying in the right lateral decubitus and being intubated by a Carlens' tube. In the continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) group of ten patients, CPAP was applied to the left lung at the same mean airway pressure as HFJV (1 kPa). Before anaesthetic induction, an arterial and a Swan–Ganz catheter were inserted for cardiovascular monitoring. The same anaesthetic technique using fentanyl 6 μg·kg^-1, flunitrazepam 0.02 mg kg^-1 and pancuronium 0.1 mg kg^-1 was used for each patient. Haemodynamic and respiratory measurements were made: 15 min after positioning the patients in the right lateral decubitus using two–lung ventilation; 15 min after collapse and retraction of the left lung using one–lung ventilation and 15 min after using differential lung ventilation with CPAP or HFJV. Left lung collapse with conventional one–lung ventilation induced a dramatic decrease in arterial oxygenation: Pao₂/Fio₂ ratio decreased from 43 6 kPa to 20 8 kPa, alveolo–arterial oxygen difference increased from 24 7 kPa to 72 11 kPa and pulmonary shunt increased from 17 2% to 37 3%. Whereas differential lung ventilation with CPAP did not improve any of the respiratory parameters measured, differential lung ventilation with HFJV, significantly increased Pao₂/Fio₂ ratio to 41 14 kPa. Therefore, since HFJV improves gas exchange without altering the conditions of surgical comfort, different lung ventilation with HFJV appears to be superior to differential lung ventilation with CPAP.