无创性缺血预处理延迟相心肌保护作用及其机制的研究

目的　通过建立大鼠在体缺血再灌注模型 ,探索无创性缺血预处理 (NIPC)延迟心肌保护作用 ,以及核因子κB (NF κB)在此过程中所起的作用。方法　将SD雄性大鼠随机分成 4组 ,Ⅰ组 (I/R组 ) ;Ⅱ组 (NIPC组 ) ;Ⅲ组 (PDTC NIPC组 ) ;Ⅳ组 (PDTC组 )。PDTC为NF κB特异性抑制剂。建立体内大鼠缺血再灌注模型 ,分别结扎前降支 4 5min ,复灌 30min ,观察大鼠心肌超微结构、心律失常发生率 ,并测量超氧化物歧化酶 (SOD)、丙二醛(MDA)、热休克蛋白 70 (HSP70 )、NF κB的值 ;复灌 2h测定心肌梗死面积。其中NIPC为I/R前 2 4h采用止血带阻断双下肢血流 5min ,复灌 5min ,反复 3个循环。结果　Ⅱ组心功能恢复优于其它 3组、心梗面积小于其它 3组(P <0 0 5 ,P <0 0 1) ;心律失常发生率较其他 3组低 (均P <0 0 5 )。Ⅲ组的各项结果与另外 3组比较均有统计学意义 ,Ⅰ和Ⅳ组的结果差别没有统计学意义。结论　无创性缺血预处理可以起到延迟相心肌保护作用 ;NF κB在预处理过程中可以诱导产生心肌保护蛋白 ,但在心肌持续缺血过程中作为一种重要炎症因子可加重心肌损伤。     

COPD病人肺康复运动训练的质性研究

目的:探讨慢性阻塞性肺疾病(chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,COPD)病人肺康复运动训练的影响因素,为更好地开展肺康复运动提供指导,从而进一步提高慢性阻塞性肺疾病病人的运动耐量和生活质量。方法:采用质性研究中现象学方法,以半结构式深入访谈了12例慢性阻塞性肺疾病病人,包括有意愿、已参与和拒绝或中途退出肺康复运动项目的病人。结果:运用Colaizzi分析程序进行分析,得到影响病人肺康复运动训练的因素,并归纳为4个主题:慢性阻塞性肺疾病病人的个人因素;客观因素;家庭成员的态度及锻炼环境因素;住院期间医护人员因素。结论:加强对慢性阻塞性肺疾病病人肺康复运动的宣教,提高病人的依从性和积极性,在临床护理中,发挥医务人员的主导作用,鼓励病人家属的支持并合理的利用社区资源,促使病人形成健康的行为习惯,以促进康复、提高生活质量。     

‘Default’ generated neonatal regulatory T cells are hypomethylated at conserved non‐coding sequence 2 and promote long‐term cardiac allograft survival

Regulatory T (Treg) cells play an important role in the maintenance of immune self-tolerance and homeostasis. We previously reported that neonatal CD4⁺ T cells have an intrinsic ‘default’ mechanism to become Treg (neoTreg) cells in response to T-cell receptor (TCR) stimulation. However, the underlying mechanisms are unclear and the effects of neoTreg cells on regulating immune responses remain unknown. Due to their involvement in Foxp3 regulation, we examined the role of DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) and DNMT3b during the induction of neoTreg cells in the Foxp3^gfp mice. The function of neoTreg cells was assessed in an acute allograft rejection model established in RAG2^−/− mice with allograft cardiac transplantation and transferred with syngeneic CD4⁺ effector T cells. Following ex vivo TCR stimulation, the DNMT activity was increased threefold in adult CD4⁺ T cells, but not significantly increased in neonatal cells. However, adoptively transferred neoTreg cells significantly prolonged cardiac allograft survival (mean survival time 47 days, P < 0·001) and maintained Foxp3 expression similar to natural Treg cells. The neoTreg cells were hypomethylated at the conserved non-coding DNA sequence 2 locus of Foxp3 compared with adult Treg cells. The DNMT antagonist 5-aza-2′-deoxycytidine (5-Aza) induced increased Foxp3 expression in mature CD4⁺ T cells. 5-Aza-inducible Treg cells combined with continuous 5-Aza treatment prolonged graft survival. These results indicate that the ‘default’ pathway of neoTreg cell differentiation is associated with reduced DNMT1 and DNMT3b response to TCR stimulus. The neoTreg cells may be a strategy to alleviate acute allograft rejection.     

普罗布考辅助治疗高血脂非增殖型糖尿病视网膜病变患者的疗效分析

目的 探讨普罗布考在治疗非增殖型糖尿病视网膜病变合并高血脂患者的临床效果,分析普罗布考的应用价值。方法 选择要求为明确诊断为非增殖型糖尿病视网膜病变且有高血脂的患者,62例患者根据随机抽签原则分为对照组和观察组,对照组26例患者给予降血糖、眼部对症治疗,而观察组36例患者则在降血糖、对症治疗的同时服用普罗布考,用量为3片/次,2次/d。两组均治疗6个月。观察比较两组患者血脂指标、眼底指标和抗氧化指标的改善情况,比较两组疗效。结果 两组均能有效的降低血糖及糖化血红蛋白,与治疗前相比差异显著,具有统计学意义（P<0.05）,但两组对比则差异不明显。经过6个月的治疗后,观察组患者的超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）和T总抗氧化能力（AOC）显著上升,而丙二醛（MDA）下降,相对于治疗前差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）;对照组患者治疗前后的差异较小,氧化应激指标的变化无统计学意义;治疗后两组氧化应激指标差异明显,具有统计学意义（P<0.05）。观察组能够有效的改善眼底情况,有效率高达68.06%,而对照组仅有38.46%,两组比较差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）。普罗布考对非增殖型糖尿病视网膜病变患者的视力有很明显的提高作用,经过6个月的治疗,观察组有效率为75.00%,明显高于对照组的44.23%,差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）。观察组患者的血脂改善情况显著,而对照组基本无改变,对比治疗后两组的血脂情况可知,差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论 良好的控制血脂作用和抗氧化能力是普罗布考作用价值的体现,有利于提高患者的使用体验、治疗效果和满意度。     

Parasuicide: The value of suicidal intent and various motives as predictors of future suicidal behaviour

Abstract

The main aim of the study was to examine whether various aspects of suicidal intent or various motives for an index parasuicide can predict nonfatal or fatal repetition of suicidal behaviour. 776 parasuicide patients from 5 Nordic regions participating in the WHO/EURO Multicentre Study on Parasuicide were followed for one year. The Suicide Intent Scale (SIS) and the Motives for Parasuicide Questionnaire (MPQ) were used as predictor variables. A low level of suicidal intent predicted nonfatal repetition. The motive “make things easier for someone” differentiated female repeaters From male repeaters. The report of an unclear motive was the only significant predictor of fatal repetition. Suicidal intent and various motives for a parasuicide have some value in predicting repetition of suicidal behaviour. but should, perhaps. in future studies be combined with other variables in order to increase the predictive value.     

Synergistic Effects of Pr6O11 and Co3O4 on Electrical and Microstructure Features of ZnO-BaTiO3 Varistor Ceramics

This paper investigated the effects of Pr₆O₁₁ and Co₃O₄ on the electrical properties of ZnO-BaTiO₃ varistor ceramics. The Pr₆O₁₁ doping has a notable influence on the characteristics of the nonlinear coefficient, varistor voltage, and leakage current where the values varied from 2.29 to 2.69, 12.36 to 68.36 V/mm and 599.33 to 548.16 µA/cm², respectively. The nonlinear varistor coefficient of 5.50 to 7.15 and the varistor voltage of 7.38 to 8.10 V/mm was also influenced by the use of Co₃O₄ as a dopant. When the amount of Co₃O₄ was above 0.5 wt.%, the leakage current increased from 202.41 to 302.71 μA/cm². The varistor ceramics with 1.5 wt.% Pr₆O₁₁ shows good nonlinear electrical performance at higher breakdown voltage and reduced the leakage current of the ceramic materials. Besides, the varistor sample that was doped with 0.5 wt.% Co₃O₄ was able to enhance the nonlinear electrical properties at low breakdown voltage with a smaller value of leakage current.     

Sports Nutrition and Food Knowledge among Malaysian University Athletes

Sports nutrition and food knowledge can influence athletes’ dietary intake, potentially affecting athletic performance. Limited studies have been conducted to identify sports nutrition and food knowledge among Malaysian university athletes. This study aimed to determine Malaysian university athletes’ knowledge of sports nutrition and food, and their reference sources and preferred sports nutrition education programme. Seventy athletes (52.9% females, mean weight = 61.8 kg; height = 1.66 m) aged 18.5–22.4 years responded to an online survey administered using a Google Form. A score of ≥60% was considered as adequate knowledge. The average overall knowledge score was 58.6%. The highest knowledge score was for sports nutrition, specifically food intake periodicity (84.8%), while the lowest was for general food knowledge on fat (44.6%). An analysis of specific questions revealed a lack of understanding about the recommended daily intake of fruits and vegetables (only 14.3% answered correctly), the roles of vitamins and minerals in energy production (21.4%), and good sources of unsaturated fat (37.2%). The academician was the primary reference source (81%), while magazines were the least referred to sources (36%). The university athletes preferred sports camps (33%) over the other nutrition education programme options. More initiatives are needed to improve Malaysian university athletes’ understanding and knowledge of sports nutrition and general food.     

涎腺腺样囊性癌的局部复发及远处转移因素分析

目的:探讨影响涎腺腺样囊性癌患者术后局部复发及远处转移相关因素。方法:回顾性分析49例涎腺腺样囊性癌患者的年龄、性别、民族、病变部位、治疗方法、临床分期、病理分型、病理分级、神经及周围组织侵犯、手术切缘等临床资料,通过随访后采用单因素分析,其中有统计学意义的因素再进入分析模型进行多因素的logistics回归分析;探讨各临床病理因素与患者术后复发及远处转移的关系。结果:总复发率为46.9%,远处转移率为30.6%;单因素分析结果显示:病理分型、病理分级、周围组织侵犯、手术切缘是否干净是影响患者术后复发或转移的因素。多因素分析结果显示:年龄、病变部位、病理分型、周围组织侵犯是影响术后复发,手术切缘是影响术后转移的独立因素。结论:病理分型、手术切缘是术后局部复发或转移的独立相关因素,因此对有高危险复发或转移因素的患者尽量做到手术切缘干净并定期追踪随访。