Orientation and mobility outcome measures

Despite orientation and mobility (O&M) being a significant factor determining quality of life of people with low vision or blindness, there are no gold standard measures or agreement on how to measure O&M performance. In the first part of this systematic review, an inventory of O&M outcome measures used by recent studies to assess the performance of orientation and/or mobility of adults with vision impairment (low vision and blindness) is presented. A wide variety of O&M outcome measures have been implemented in different fields of study, such as epidemiologic research and interventional studies evaluating training, assistive technology, vision rehabilitation and vision restoration. The most frequent aspect of outcome measures is efficiency such as time, distance, speed and percentage of preferred walking speed, followed by obstacle contacts and avoidance, and dis/orientation and veering. Other less commonly used aspects are target identification, safety and social interaction and self-reported outcome measures. Some studies employ sophisticated equipment to capture and analyse O&M performance in a laboratory setting, while others carry out their assessment in real-world indoor or outdoor environments. In the second part of this review, the appropriateness of implementing the identified outcome measures to assess O&M performance in clinical and functional O&M practice is evaluated. Nearly a half of these outcome measures meet all four criteria of face validity (either clinical or functional), responsiveness, reliability and feasibility and have the potential to be implemented in clinical or functional O&M practice. The findings of this review confirm the complicated and dynamic nature of O&M. Multiple measures are required in any evaluation of O&M performance to facilitate holistic assessment of O&M abilities and limitations of each individual.     

腹腔镜胆囊切除术治疗急性结石性胆囊炎的疗效

目的探讨分析对急性结石性胆囊炎患者采用腹腔镜胆囊切除术进行治疗的临床效果,以及对患者的胃肠功能和C反应蛋白所造成的影响。方法本次研究对象乃是我院肝胆外科于2017年4月-2019年4月期间收治的急性结石性胆囊炎患者62例,按照患者就诊的先后顺序对其进行平均分组,比较两组患者的术后肠鸣音恢复时间、肛门排气时间、排便时间、C反应蛋白水平以及并发症发生率。结果腹腔镜手术组患者的术后肠鸣音恢复时间(13.6±3.5)小时、肛门排气时间(16.5±2.7)小时以及排便时间(25.7±3.3)小时,均明显少于开腹式手术组患者(P<0.05);腹腔镜手术组患者的术后并发症发生率(6.45%)明显低于开腹式手术组患者(25.80%)(P<0.05);腹腔镜手术组患者的C反应蛋白水平为(10.4±2.5)mg/L,少于开腹式手术组患者(P<0.05)。结论根据本次研究的结果可以确认,对急性结石性胆囊炎患者采用腹腔镜胆囊切除术进行治疗能够取得更好的效果,可以促使患者的胃肠功能在术后更快的恢复,提高患者的C反应蛋白,从而有效避免患者出现并发症。     

超声在胃常见疾病及胃功能诊断中的应用

借助口服超声助显剂，胃壁及其病变得以清晰显示。本文就经腹超声诊断胃常见疾病和胃排空功能评估方面的一些体会与大家分享，希望经腹胃超声这种无创、实时的检查方式能更普及，使更多患者受益。     

新型四腔水箱在腹外科腔镜电凝线清洗消毒中的应用研究

摘要〓目的〓研究四腔水箱在腹外科腔镜电凝线擦拭法清洗消毒中的应用效果。方法〓通过目测法和ATP生物荧光法,对本研究的四腔水箱用于腹外科腔镜电凝线的清洗效果进行评价。结果〓传统治疗碗清洗的206件腔镜电凝线清洗质量合格率为86.4%,四腔水箱清洗的206件腹腔镜电凝线清洗质量合格率为94.6%,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.01）。用四腔水箱清洗腔镜电凝线擦拭过程中的护理人员满意度较高。结论〓四腔水箱可提高腹外科腔镜电凝线清洗质量和护理人员满意度。     

3M无痛保护膜联合造口袋治疗大便失禁相关性皮炎的临床观察

目的探讨用3M无痛保护膜联合造口袋治疗大便失禁相关性皮炎(Incontinent dermatitis,IAD)的疗效。方法选择我院2014年12月至2015年6月收治的50例IAD患者为研究对象,按照随机数表法将其分为对照组与实验组,每组25例。对照组患者予以传统皮肤护理方法;实验组的患者除传统皮肤护理外加用3M无痛保护膜联合造口袋治疗。并比较两组患者治疗后的皮炎改善情况、皮炎愈合时间及皮炎复发率。结果实验组患者治疗效果明显优于对照组,实验组皮炎愈合短于对照组,实验组皮炎复发率明显低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 3M无痛保护膜联合造口袋治疗IAD,临床效果显著,且愈合快,复发低。