体外培养骨髓单个核细胞分泌促血管生长因子的实验研究

目的分析体外培养的骨髓单个核细胞持续分泌促血管生长因子的能力。方法从大鼠胫骨及股骨采集骨髓,密度梯度离心法分离出骨髓单个核细胞进行体外培养,并连续收集4周培养上清液。酶联免疫吸附实验(ELISA)法测定培养上清液中碱性成纤维细胞生长因子(bFGF)、血管内皮细胞生长因子(VEGF)和白介素-1β(IL-1β)等因子水平。结果第1、2、3、4周骨髓单个核细胞体外培养上清液中VEGF分别为(24.40±7.99)pg/m、l(89.28±5.13)pg/m、l(115.24±10.08)pg/m、l(157.00±15.64)pg/m l;bFGF含量分别为(52.72±2.13)pg/m、l(48.10±6.41)pg/m、l(44.71±3.21)pg/m、l(25.61±2.42)pg/m l;IL-1β含量分别为:(31.28±5.44)pg/m、l(71.87±3.01)pg/m、l(55.77±11.94)pg/m、l(41.75±9.14)pg/m。l结论体外培养骨髓单个核细胞可持续分泌VEGF、bFGF、IL-1β等多种促血管生长因子。     

放射线联合p53基因及内皮抑素治疗小鼠前列腺癌皮下移植瘤

Objective To test the hypothesis that p53 gene therapy combined with endostatin can enhance tumor response to radiation therapy of RM-1 mouse xenograft prostate cancer and to investigate its mechanism. Methods A mouse prostate cancer model was established. Then mice with xenograft tumor were randomly divided into group A (control), B (radiation), C (radiation and rAdp53), D (radiation and rh-endostatin) and E (radiation and rAdp53 and rh-endostatin). On day 1, rAdp53 was injected intra-tumorously with 1 × 1010 vp per animal to group C and E. From day 1 to 14, rh-endostatin was given 15 mg/kg intraperitoneally daily to group D and E. On day 4 single fraction of 15 Gy was given to tumors in groups B, C, D and E. Normal saline was injected intra-tumorously or intraperitoneaUy accordingly as control. No treatment was done to group A. Tumor volume was measured daily. Samples were collected on Days 5, 10 and 15. Ki67, CD31, p53 and VEGF were detected by means of immunohistochemistry. Results (1) Radiation alone, radiation combined with intra-tumorous injection of Adp53 and/or intraperitoneal injection of rh-endostatin resulted in tumor growth arrest of RM-1 cells in vivo (P = 0.000). Radiation combined with both rAdp53 and rh-endostatin was the most effective treatment (P < 0.05). (2) All the four treatment groups had a decreased expression of mutant type P53 (P = 0.000). The expression of Ki67 in groups B and C were equal (P 0.05) and increasing (P = 0.000), respectively. Group D had a up-down-up curve (P < 0.05), but group E had a up-down one. On day 5 the expresion of VEGF in group E was the lowest (P < 0.05). An increased expression of MVD compared with the control was shown, and MVD in groups C, D and E were always higher than that in the control (P < 0.05). Conclusions The limitation of radiotherapy could be overcome by combination with beth p53 gene therapy and endostatin on the growth of mouse prostate cancer cell. Radiation, rAdp53 and endostatin have their own role but they can be interacted with each other.     

饮食因素与肠道微生态的研究进展

微生态学是20世纪兴起的一门生命学科，它是从健康水平研究微生物之间与环境和宿主之间相互依存、相互制约规律的科学。饮食因素对维持肠道微生态的平衡起着重要的作用。本文就肠道菌群与人体健康、饮食因素对肠道菌群的影响以及对菌群失调的调节作用作一综述。     

不伴Ⅱb型多发性内分泌肿瘤综合征的咽喉部多发性黏膜神经瘤一例

不伴Ⅱb型多发性内分泌肿瘤综合征(multiple endocrine neoplazia Ⅱb，MENⅡb)的多发性黏膜神经瘤(multiple mucosal neuroma，MMN)甚为罕见，现有文献仅见5例报道，病变分别位于结膜、支气管、舌、直肠乙状结肠和喉部。我们收治1例不伴MENⅡb的咽喉部MMN，报道如下。     

多层螺旋CT血管成像在支气管动脉灌注化疗前的定位价值

目的探讨多层螺旋CT血管成像(MSCTA)在支气管动脉(BA)灌注化疗前的定位价值。方法分析15例经支气管动脉介入治疗前的的肺癌病例,中央型13例,周围型2例。15例均行螺旋CT增强扫描,后传至工作站利用多平面重组(MPR)、最大密度投影(MIP)和容积再现(VR)等后处理技术观察支气管动脉。结果13例中央型肺癌均由肿瘤性支气管动脉供血,重建图像清晰显示肿瘤性支气管动脉的起点、分支情况及走行特点;其中2例右侧肿瘤性支气管动脉与肋间动脉共干。2例周围型肺癌中有1例由肿瘤性支气管动脉供血,1例找不到明确发自支气管动脉的供血血管。结论多层螺旋CT血管成像能够显示肺癌特别是中央型肺癌的肿瘤性支气管动脉并能为经支气管动脉灌注化疗提供准确定位。     

寰枢椎椎弓根内固定技术的解剖学与临床研究进展

1910年,Mixter等[1]用丝线固定寰椎后弓和枢椎棘突,开创了寰枢椎内固定技术的先河.此后,学者们创建了一系列寰枢椎内固定技术,按入路分为前路技术和后路技术.     

ERβ受体蛋白在肺硬化性血管瘤中的表达及临床意义

目的 探讨ERβ受体蛋白在所谓肺硬化性血管瘤 (PSH)组织中的表达及临床意义.方法 应用免疫组化 S-P法,检测15例 PSH、14例肺炎性假瘤 (PP),15例正常肺组织 (NL )中ERβ受体蛋白的表达.结果 ERβ受体蛋白在PSH组织中的阳性表达率为 86.67% ( 13/15),在PP组织中的阳性表达率为28.57% (4/14),在NL组织中的阳性表达率为20.00%(3/15). ERβ受体蛋白在PSH组织的阳性表达率显著高于 NL和 PP组织 ( P＜0.05).结论 ERβ受体蛋白的过表达可能与 PSH发生发展有关.     

腹膜转移瘤的影像学诊断

目的探讨腹膜转移瘤的影像学表现特点。方法回顾性分析经手术及穿刺活检证实的35例腹膜转移瘤的影像学表现,并与手术结果对照,35例做CT平扫及增强扫描,5例行MR I检查。结果(1)腹膜转移瘤常表现为大量腹水(22/35);(2)腹膜结节状增厚(23/35);(3)大网膜饼形增厚(16/35)和大网膜污垢样改变(12/35);(4)肠系膜污垢样改变(12/35)及结节状改变(9/35);(5)腹腔单发或多发囊性改变,有占位效应(4/35)。结论CT/MR I是发现腹膜转移灶的重要影像学方法。     

第Ⅲ段肝管空肠吻合解除肝门部胆管恶性梗阻

肝门部胆管恶性梗阻的治疗仍然十分困难。若不解除胆道梗阻,病人很快因肝细胞功能衰竭而死亡。由于肿瘤在肝门部侵润性生长,直接经肝门的手术往往不可能实现。1980～1993年间,我们采用第Ⅲ段肝管空肠吻合术姑息治疗28例肝门部胆管恶性梗阻的黄疸病人。24例为肝门部胆管癌,2例为胆囊癌,2例为胃癌肝门部淋巴结转移。术后19例病人恢复顺利;5例发生并发症,4例病人手术后死亡。24例存活病人中,19例黄疸完全消退3月以上,手术有效率为79％。4例黄疸再次出现,2例因胆管炎需要入院治疗。作者认为:第Ⅲ段肝管空肠吻合术能有效解除不能切除的肝门部恶性肿瘤病人的胆道梗阻。     

医学高校继续医学教育思路与措施

对高等医学院校开展继续医学教育的指导思想和工作的思路进行阐述；提出了开展继续医学教育的有效措施：大力宣传继续医学教育，树立终身教育观念；建立健全组织机构，明确工作职责；完善继续医学教育规章制度，建立有效的运行机制；注重继续医学教育项目举办和基地建设，实行目标管理；规范管理继续医学教育项目，严格掌握证书的发放。