Screening Mouse Genes Related to Blastocyst Implantation by Using PCR Subtraction

Objective To identify genes that may be related to embryo implantation Materials & Methods The PCR subtraction technique was applied at implantation and inter-plantation sites on day 4. 5 of pregnancy in mice. Two novel Expressed Sequence Tags (ESTs ), EST8 and EST81 were identified; their expression in tissues was analyzed by Northern blotting, and their full-length cDNAs were synthesized by PCR.Results We found that these two novel ESTs (EST8and EST81) were noticeably expressed in implantation site in the mouse on day 4. 5 of pregnancy. EST8 was expressed at high level in livers and implantation sites of the mice, while at low level in ovaries and inter-plantation sites. EST81 was predominantly expressed in implantation site and ovary, and at low level in all other tissues. Their complete cDNAs, 1 665bp and 1 264 bp respectively, were synthesized by using PCR.Conclusion The two full-length cDNAs were responsible for embryo implantation,and their functions need to be further studied.     

小鼠胚泡着床相关基因的差减筛选

目的:筛选新的小鼠胚泡着床相关基因。方法:对孕4.5 d小鼠着床和非着床位点的子宫内膜组织进行PCR差减。获得了2个新的在小鼠胚泡着床位点高表达的EST(EST8和EST81)。结果:EST8在孕4.5 d小鼠着床位点、肝脏中表达较高,在非着床位点和卵巢中亦有微量表达。EST81主要在孕4.5 d小鼠子宫着床组织和卵巢中表达,其它各种组织中也有微量表达。用PCR方法获得了相应的全长。cDNA,长度分别为1665bp和1364bp。结论:用差减筛选获得的两种cDNA是孕小鼠着床相关基因,其功能有待进一步研究。     

A Prospective,Randomized Comparison of Modified Pulmonary Vein Isolation Versus Conventional Pulmonary Vein Isolation in Patients with Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation

Modified Pulmonary Vein Isolation in AF Ablation. Introduction: Pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) is the primary ablation therapy in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). We hypothesized that high dominant frequency (DF) sites (AF nests during sinus rhythm [SR]) adjacent to the PV ostia are associated with the atrial substrate that maintains AF, and PVI incorporating the high‐frequency AF nests may have a higher efficacy. Methods and Results: In a prospective and randomized comparison, 126 symptomatic paroxysmal AF patients that underwent PVI were enrolled. We compared the efficacy of a modified PVI (ablation line: 1.0–1.5 cm from the PV ostium with encircling the AF nests [spectral analysis with DF >70 Hz during SR, Group II]) versus the anatomy‐guided conventional PVI (Group I). In Group II, the DF value along the PV ostium was lower than 70 Hz after the PVI. The primary endpoint was the freedom from symptomatic atrial arrhythmias after a single procedure. We also followed the autonomic function by a time‐domain analysis of the heart rate variability. In both groups, AF nests were observed and electric isolation was successfully obtained in all patients. With a mean duration of 16 ± 6.1 months of follow‐up, Group II had a higher single procedure efficacy without drugs (78.7% vs 66.1%, log‐rank test: P = 0.02), and fewer repeat procedures (6.6% vs 23%; P = 0.04), as compared to Group I. Conclusion: PVI incorporating the high frequency AF nests adjacent to the PV ostia had a better single procedure efficacy. (J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol, Vol. 23, pp. 1155–1162, November 2012)     

Establishment of Germ-line Competent C57BL/6J Embryonic Stem Cell Lines

Objective To establish C57BL/6J embryonic stem （ES） cell lines with potential germ- line contribution Methods ES cells were isolated from blastocyst inner cell mass of C5 7BL/6J mice, and cultured for 15 passages, and then injected into blastococels of ICR mice blastocysts to establish chimeric mice. Results Three ES cell lines （mC57ES1,mC57ES3, mC57ES7） derived from the inner cell mass of C57BL/6J mice blastocysts were established. They were characteristic of undifferentiated state, including normal XY karyotype, expression of a specific cell surface marker “stage-specific embryonic antigen-I” and alkaline phosphatase in continuous passage. When injected into immunodeficient mice, mC57ES1 cells consistently differentiated into derivatives of all three embryonic germ layers. When mC57ES1 cells were transferred into ICR mice blastocysts, 4 chimeric mice have been obtained. One male of them revealed successful germ-line transmission. Conclussion We have obtained C57BL/6J ES cell lines with a potential germ-line contribution, which can be used to generate transgenic and gene knock-out mice.     

rd小鼠遗传性视网膜变性中内质网应激蛋白的激活

目的 探讨rd小鼠遗传性视网膜变性光感受器细胞变性凋亡中内质网应激反应蛋白的表达变化.方法 实验研究.取出生后8、10、12、14、24 d的rd小鼠和同年龄段的正常对照C3B小鼠.免疫印迹法检验视网膜中GRP78/BiP、半胱天冬酶-12酶原(procaspase-12)和活性caspase-12、p-PERK、p-eIF2a蛋白表达变化.免疫荧光染色共聚焦显微镜观测GRP78/BiP、caspase-12、p-PERK和p-eIF2a的表达部位及表达量的变化.用SPSS单因素方差分析对数据进行统计学分析,以P＜0.01为差异有统计学意义.结果 伴随rd小鼠遗传性视网膜变性过程免疫印迹结果显示GRP78/Bip、半胱天冬酶-12酶原和活性caspase-12、p-PERK、p-eIF2a蛋白的表达上调,与正常对照组之间的差异具有统计学意义(F=65.82,55.76,152.29,50.54,20.91;P＜0.05);免疫荧光染色结果显示GRP78/Bip、easpase-12、p-PERK和p-eIF2a主要表达于视网膜光感受器细胞的内节和光感受器细胞核中.结论 在rd小鼠遗传性视网膜变性光感受器细胞变性凋亡中,内质网应激反应蛋白的激活对于光感受器细胞的凋亡具有重要作用.应用内质网应激反应调节剂可能对此类疾病起到有效治疗作甩.     

Further Observations on Polycythemia in Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Direct measurement of the red cell mass has confirmed a previous reportof the occurrence of polycythemia in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma.Twenty patients (17 males and 3 females) have been investigated. The redcell mass was increased in 11, normal in 8 and reduced in one. Because ofhypervolemia, present in 15 of the 20 patients investigated and attributable tothe associated cirrhosis of the liver, the hematocrit might be normal in thepresence of an increased red cell mass. A venous hematocrit of 48 per cent andabove was found invariably to be associated with an increase in the red cellmass. Using this criterion, 17 of 145 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma werefound to be polycythemic, an incidence of 11.7 per cent.

Plasma erythropoietic stimulating factor determined by Fe⁵⁹ incorporationinto red cells of fasted rats was not increased in 4 patients with hepatocarcinomaand polycythemia.

These findings are briefly discussed.

Submitted on June 6, 1961 Accepted on August 12, 1961     

脑卒中后遗症患者的日常生活活动指导

我们需要仔细思考日常生活活动和国际功能、残疾与健康分类之间的关系.日常生活活动训练是任务导向性训练内容之一,患者在维持抗重力姿势的同时主动进行选择性运动,并与治疗师一起选取有效的系统处理感觉信息输入,选择最有效的姿势及运动控制方式.本文介绍2个病例.病例1除不能独立洗浴外已达到独立生活,并已学习自我控制.病例2还不能达到生活自理的程度,其治疗目标为减少日常生活活动中的外界辅助量,并使患者能在其他家庭成员和治疗人员的辅助下正常的进行感觉-运动学习.小组治疗和24小时管理非常重要.     

Regulation of intestinal apolipoprotein A-IV synthesis

Abstract Apolipoprotein (apo) A-IV is a protein synthesized, in humans, only by the small intestine. It has a molecular weight of 46 000 Da. This paper summarizes the evidence supporting its role as a satiety factor following the ingestion of fat. This function of apo A-IV is unique and not shared by other apolipoproteins, including apo A-I. The satiety effect of apo A-IV is centrally mediated. The mechanism of how apo A-IV inhibits food intake is not clear but it probably acts by inhibiting both gastric acid secretion as well as gastric motility. Lipid absorption stimulates apo A-IV synthesis and secretion by the jejunum. In addition to lipid feeding, there is evidence that a factor which is released as a result of lipid absorption in the distal small intestine also stimulates the synthesis and release of apo A-IV by the jejunum. This factor is probably PYY.     

NON-HODGKIN'S LYMPHOMA AS A CAUSE OF HYPOADRENALISM

Abstract Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma which presents as adrenocortical insufficiency is rare, however, it should be a well-recognised entity because, in addition to specific chemotherapy or radiotherapy, it needs hormonal replacement. We report a patient with diffuse histiocytic lymphoma, who had remission for seven years and relapsed with Addisonian crisis.