928株革兰阴性杆菌耐药性监测

目的：了解青岛地区临床分离的重要革兰阴性杆菌的耐药情况以指导合理用药。方法：2001年青岛3家医院临床分离的5种革兰阴性杆菌用Kirby-Bauer法进行药敏试验。结果：5种病原菌均占3家医院革兰阴性杆菌分离率的前5位，大肠埃希菌对氟喹诺酮类药物的耐药率达60％－87％，细菌对亚胺培南均呈高度敏感，但铜绿假单胞菌耐亚胺培南株占25．8％，头孢他啶的抗菌活性是三代头孢菌素中最高的；复方酶抑制剂表现出良好的抗菌活性。结论：细菌耐药问题仍是目前临床的严重问题，地域性的耐药性监测是必要的。     

消化道狭窄应用内支架治疗的现状与展望

文章主要分析消化道支架的种类、特征和内支架在消化道狭窄治疗中的应用现状,探讨支架材料应用的发展趋势.     

Matrix Metalloproteinase-2 and Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1 in the Retinal Pigment Epithelium and Interphotoreceptor Matrix: Vectorial Secretion and Regulation

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and the tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) play an essential role in both normal and pathological extracellular matrix degradation, and a TIMP has been associated with at least one type of retinal degeneration. We have studied expression of MMP-2 and TIMP-1 by zymography, immunocytochemistry, and immunoblotting in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) from normal, aged and diseased retinas. MMPs and TIMPs were found in the rat RPE, interphotoreceptor matrix (IPM), and in media conditioned by human and rat RPE in culture. In other polarized cells, MMPs and TIMP-2 are secreted vectorially towards the basal lamina. In the RPE, however, MMP-2 and TIMP-1 were secreted preferentially from the apical surface, the surface bordering the IPM. These findings provide new evidence that MMPs and TIMPs could play a role in the turnover of IPM components.Cell homogenates and conditioned media from RPE isolated from mutant Royal College of Surgeons (RCS) rats with inherited retinal dystrophy had similar amounts of MMP-2 and TIMP-1 as those from congenic control rats. The secretion of MMP-2 and TIMP-1 from RPE cell cultures isolated from young and aged human donors varied widely. However, with increasing cell passage number, secretion of MMPs and TIMPs from human RPE increased dramatically. Also, growing human RPE on bovine corneal endothelial cell-generated extracellular matrix instead of plastic reduced the secretion of both MMPs and TIMPs. These data suggest that the integrity of Bruch's membrane may serve to regulate RPE functions in MMP and TIMP secretion and that extracellular matrices contain signals that regulate MMP and TIMP synthesis and/or secretion by the RPE.     

金属内支架介入治疗恶性输尿管狭窄的临床应用

目的探讨经皮顺行植入输尿管金属内支架治疗恶性输尿管狭窄的效果。方法对14例恶性肿瘤伴输尿管狭窄的患者行经皮顺行植入输尿管金属内支架治疗。术后观察尿量及性状,超声及腹部平片随访。结果14例患者植入输尿管内支架均获成功,输尿管梗阻解除,患者临床症状改善,肾功能好转。结论对恶性输尿管狭窄的患者行顺行植入输尿管金属内支架治疗输尿管狭窄,是一种简便、有效、创伤小的治疗方法。     

Complete structure of eclosion hormone of Manduca sexta

The locations of the three disulfide bonds of eclosion hormone (EH) isolated from Manduca sexta were assigned by sequence analysis of thermolysin fragments and by comparison of a key heterodimeric fragment to regiospecifically synthesized parallel and antiparallel isomers. We elucidated the complete structure of Manduca EH as a 62-residue peptide which has three disulfide bonds between Cys¹⁴-Cys³⁸, Cys¹⁸-Cys³⁴, and Cys²¹-Cys⁴⁹.     

棘球蚴内容物导致肺损害的研究

目的 :观察棘球蚴囊内容物攻击兔所至肺功能和形态的损害。建立囊型包虫肺栓塞的动物模型。方法 :取囊型包虫内容物 ,分离出囊砂 ,与囊液配成 5 %的悬浊液。 2 1只家兔 ,分 3组 :Ⅰ :生理盐水组 ,Ⅱ :澄清囊液组 ,Ⅲ :囊砂悬浊液组。每只家兔都置入股动脉导管及股静脉导管。依照上述分组按 2mL/kg体重分别自静脉导管注射生理盐水、澄清囊液或含囊砂的悬浊液。于注射后 ( 5、30、6 0min)动态监测MAP、血气指标及血清血管活性物质(ET - 1、TXB2 、6 -keto -PGF1α)水平的变化。指标测定后 ,行肺部ECT检查。最后取出动物肺脏行光镜病检。结果 :Ⅲ组和Ⅱ组在注射后均出现MAP、血气指标的明显降低 (P <0 .0 5 )和血清TXB2 、6 -keto -PGF1α的升高 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,尤以Ⅲ组最明显 (P <0 .0 5 )。各组动物血清ET - 1水平在注射前后无明显变化 (P >0 .0 1)。ECT显示Ⅲ组动物肺部放射性缺损 ,Ⅱ组动物肺部放射性减弱。Ⅲ组肺脏病检见头节广泛栓塞于肺小动脉、微小动脉中 ,肺脏呈“急性呼吸窘迫综合症样”改变。Ⅱ组肺组织出现淤血、水肿及炎细胞浸润。结论 :Ⅲ组动物基本能够模拟出囊型包虫病肺栓塞的临床表现。囊液中有形成分在肺损害中起着重要的作用。TXB2 、6 -keto -PGF1α参与了肺损伤病理过程。     

甲状腺癌前哨淋巴结的临床研究

目的探讨甲状腺癌前哨淋巴结能否准确地反映颈部淋巴结病理学状况以及前哨淋巴结活检的可行性和必要性。方法术前在甲状腺肿瘤周围分四点注射亚甲蓝溶液2～3ml,然后常规行甲状腺癌根治术和颈部淋巴结清扫,将染色的前哨淋巴结和未染色的淋巴结分别送病检,比较两者的病理学状况。结果30例甲状腺癌中有24例发现染色呈蓝色的前哨淋巴结,12例为阳性,无假阴性,其敏感度、准确性、假阴性率分别为85.7%、80.0%和0。结论甲状腺癌前哨淋巴结能准确地反映颈部淋巴结病理学状况。甲状腺癌前哨淋巴结活检是处理甲状腺癌颈部淋巴结问题的一种较好的方法。     

脑出血后大鼠神经干细胞增殖及迁徙途径的实验研究

目的探讨脑出血后大鼠神经干细胞增殖变化及迁徙途径。方法将75只SD大鼠随机分为脑出血组、假手术组和正常组,脑出血组采用自体血注入法复制脑出血模型。各实验大鼠腹腔注射溴脱氧核苷尿嘧啶(Brd U)标记神经干细胞,运用免疫组化染色观察神经干细胞增殖及迁徙分布情况。结果脑出血组侧脑室下区室管膜上皮的Brd U阳性细胞数比假手术组和正常组显著增加(P<0.05),Brd U阳性细胞沿胼胝体迁徙,最后散在分布于出血灶及周边区。结论脑出血后神经干细胞可增殖并沿胼胝体向出血灶及周边区迁徙,参与出血性脑损伤神经功能的修复。     

2002年中国8～10岁儿童甲状腺肿大率分析

目的 了解和掌握中国基本实现消除碘缺乏病阶段目标后的防治现状，完善可持续防治策略。方法 采用触诊和B超方法检测8～10岁儿童甲状腺，由省级专业机构负责进行。结果 按触诊法的加权结果评价，儿童甲状腺肿大率（甲肿率）新疆、西藏、重庆、贵州、陕西5个省份在10％以上，甘肃、辽宁、海南、北京、内蒙古、黑龙江、上海、浙江、安徽、江西、山东、河南、四川、云南、青海15个省份儿童甲肿率在5％～10％之间，其余省份在5％以下。结论 自1995～2002年，8～10岁儿童甲肿率，无论是B超法还是触诊法及Ⅱ度甲状腺肿大率都不同程度地逐年下降，说明全国碘缺乏病的干预效果明显。     

5-氮胞苷对培养兔骨髓基质细胞心房利钠肽表达的影响

目的研究5-氮胞苷(5-azacytidine,5-aza)对体外培养兔骨髓基质细胞中心肌特异性心房利钠肽(atrialnatriureticpolypeptide,ANP)表达的影响,探讨骨髓基质细胞向心肌样细胞分化的条件。方法体外分离培养兔骨髓基质细胞用不同浓度5-aza诱导培养,以RT-PCR方法测定诱导前后ANP的表达。结果正常培养兔骨髓基质细胞不表达ANP。经5-aza诱导并继续培养24h后,骨髓基质细胞表达ANP,在一定时间、浓度范围内ANP含量逐渐增加。结论5-aza诱导体外培养兔骨髓基质细胞表达心肌特异性ANP,与诱导时间及浓度呈正相关,提示可诱导兔骨髓基质细胞向心肌样细胞分化。