中国人群鼻咽癌发病危险因素的Meta分析

目的探讨我国人群鼻咽癌发病的主要危险因素，为今后防治工作提供依据。方法利用Meta分析方法分析国内9篇关于鼻咽癌发病危险因素的研究文献。结果鼻咽疾病史、家族癌症史、食用腌制食品、居室烟雾、吸烟和食用新鲜蔬菜水果的合并OR值（95％CI）分别为：16．72（6．17，45．34）、7．86（4．73，13．07）、3．00（2．32，3．89）、1．27（1．11，1．46）、1．93（0．99，3．77）和O．64（O．50，0．82）。结论鼻咽疾病史、家族癌症史、食用腌制食品和居室烟雾是我国鼻咽癌发病的主要危险因素，食用新鲜蔬菜水果为其保护因素。     

Children's dental fluorosis and estrogen receptor α gene Xba I polymorphism

Objectives To explore the relationship between polymorphism in estrogen receptor alpha (ERα)gene Xba I and child dental fluorosis.Methods Qiulou township of Kaifeng and Sunying township of Tongxu counties of Henan province were chosen as the investigation spots in 2006.An area of water drinking endemic fluorosis(high fluoride area)and a non-endemic area(control area)were chosen in every spot,where dental fluorosis of children aged 8 to 12 years old were examined and diagnosed by using the Dean method.The children in the high fluoride areas were divided into dental fluorosis group and control group of the endemic areas according to dental fluorosis status,and the children in the control areas as control gruop of non-endemic areas.The Xba I polymorphism in the ERα gene was genotyped using the PCR-RFLP procedure.The fluoride levels in the urine samples from the three groups were detected by fluoride ion selective electrode and over standard rate of the urine was counted.Results The prevalence rate of dental fluorosis in high fluoride areas was 51.7%(74/143)and the community fluorosis index was 1.310.No dental fluorosis case was checked out in the control and the community fluorosis index was 0.021.The over standard rate of urine fluoride in dental fluorosis group[84.6%(121/143)]was significantly higher than that of control in non-endemic area[9.6%(9/94);χ2=125.95,P<0.01].The frequency distribution of ERα Xba I genotype was XX 6.8%(5/74),xx 36.5%(27/74),xx 56.8%(42/74)in dental fluorosis group;XX 15.9%(11/69),Xx 37.7%(26/69),xx 46.4%(32/69)in the eontrol of the endemic areas;XX 14.9%(14/94),Xx 43.6%(41/94),xx 41.5%(39/94)in children from the control in non-endemic area,respectively.No significant difference was found among the three groups(χ2= 3.450, P > 0.05). Allele frequency of ERα Xba I genotypes was X 22.7%(30/132), x 77.3%(102/132) in dental fluorosis group and X 35.5%(39/110),x 64.5% (71/110) in the control in endemic area when urine fluorosis of children was exceeding standard and significant difference was found in this two groups(χ2 = 4.768, P < 0.05; OR = 0.535,95% CI:0.305 - 0.941). Conclusion Children who carried X allele frequency of ERα Xba I genotypes have a lower risk of dental fluorosis when children with high-loaded fluoride status.     

影响改水降氟工程水氟含量因素的探讨

目的 探讨影响改水降氟工程水氟含量的因素。方法 采取整群抽样办法，对被调查县1996年之前的所有打井工程水含量、打井深度、井壁结构材料和井周封闭土质进行逐项调查。结果 ①井深在≤40．41－59．60－79，80－99m和≥100m改水降氟工程合格率分别为71．24％，81．25％，83．32％，90．85％和94．23％。②井深在80m以上的钢管井壁结构工程水氟合格率明显高于水泥管井壁结构工程水氟合格率，差异有非常显著意义。③在井深59m以内，虽呈现粘土密封工程水氟合格率高于砂土密封工程，但差异无显著意义；井深60m以上工程水氟含量合作率粘土封闭工程坑于砂土封闭工程。结论 ①改水降氟工程水氟合格率伴随打井的深度增加而增高，二者呈现高度正相关关系。②改水降氟工程在打深水井的基础上，使用钢管井壁材料并用粘土密封井周，可以有效防止浅层高氟水的渗漏和水氟回升。     

改水降氟10年后儿童氟负荷及氟效应指标的调查

目的 为评价改水降氟对地方性氟中毒的防治效果。方法 检测分析了（未改水）病区组、改水病区组、非病区组８～１２岁儿童的尿氟和氟毒性效应指标。结果 尿氟均值病区组明显高于改水病区组（Ｐ〈０．０１）和非病区组（Ｐ〈０．０１）;尿羟脯氨酸（ＨＯＰ）排泄量均值病区级亦明显高于改水病区组（Ｐ〈０．０１）和非病区组（Ｐ〈０．０１）;改水病区组８～１２岁儿童氟斑牙患病率由１０年前的８２．４％降至６．４５％,明显低     

雌激素受体RsaⅠ基因多态性与儿童氟斑牙关系的分析

目的 探讨雌激素受体(ER)RsaⅠ基因多态性与儿童氟斑牙的关系.方法 选取河南省开封、通许2县高氟区及对照区8～12岁儿童,以聚合酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态性(PCR-FRLP)方法检测ER Rsa Ⅰ基因多态性,氟离子选择电极法测定尿氟含量.结果 ER RsaⅠ基因型分布频率:氟斑牙患者为rr 60.81%(45/74)、Rr 27.02%(20/74)、RR 12.16%(9/74),高氟区非患者为rr 73.91%(51/69)、Rr 20.29%(14/69)、RR 5.80%(4/69),对照区儿童为rr 63.83%(60/94)、Rr 34.04%(32/94)、RR 2.13%(2/94),3组基因型分布差异无统计学意义(P>0.05). ER RsaⅠ基因型在高氟区不同性别儿童中分布相同,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);携带等位基因R的儿童患氟斑牙的危险性高于携带等位基因r的儿童(OR:1.82, 95% CI:1.01～3.27)(P<0.05).结论 尽管氟病区患儿组与非患儿组基因型分布差异无统计学意义,但携带纯合等位基因R的儿童患氟斑牙的危险性是携带纯合等位基因r儿童的1.82倍;携带纯和突变RR型基因儿童患氟斑牙危险性有增高趋势.     

Children's dental fluorosis and estrogen receptor α gene Xba I polymorphism

Objectives To explore the relationship between polymorphism in estrogen receptor alpha (ERα)gene Xba I and child dental fluorosis.Methods Qiulou township of Kaifeng and Sunying township of Tongxu counties of Henan province were chosen as the investigation spots in 2006.An area of water drinking endemic fluorosis(high fluoride area)and a non-endemic area(control area)were chosen in every spot,where dental fluorosis of children aged 8 to 12 years old were examined and diagnosed by using the Dean method.The children in the high fluoride areas were divided into dental fluorosis group and control group of the endemic areas according to dental fluorosis status,and the children in the control areas as control gruop of non-endemic areas.The Xba I polymorphism in the ERα gene was genotyped using the PCR-RFLP procedure.The fluoride levels in the urine samples from the three groups were detected by fluoride ion selective electrode and over standard rate of the urine was counted.Results The prevalence rate of dental fluorosis in high fluoride areas was 51.7%(74/143)and the community fluorosis index was 1.310.No dental fluorosis case was checked out in the control and the community fluorosis index was 0.021.The over standard rate of urine fluoride in dental fluorosis group[84.6%(121/143)]was significantly higher than that of control in non-endemic area[9.6%(9/94);χ2=125.95,P<0.01].The frequency distribution of ERα Xba I genotype was XX 6.8%(5/74),xx 36.5%(27/74),xx 56.8%(42/74)in dental fluorosis group;XX 15.9%(11/69),Xx 37.7%(26/69),xx 46.4%(32/69)in the eontrol of the endemic areas;XX 14.9%(14/94),Xx 43.6%(41/94),xx 41.5%(39/94)in children from the control in non-endemic area,respectively.No significant difference was found among the three groups(χ2= 3.450, P > 0.05). Allele frequency of ERα Xba I genotypes was X 22.7%(30/132), x 77.3%(102/132) in dental fluorosis group and X 35.5%(39/110),x 64.5% (71/110) in the control in endemic area when urine fluorosis of children was exceeding standard and significant difference was found in this two groups(χ2 = 4.768, P < 0.05; OR = 0.535,95% CI:0.305 - 0.941). Conclusion Children who carried X allele frequency of ERα Xba I genotypes have a lower risk of dental fluorosis when children with high-loaded fluoride status.     

梯度洗脱高效液相色谱法测定不同剂型消毒剂中醋酸氯己定的含量

目的建立不同剂型消毒剂中醋酸氯己定含量的梯度洗脱高效液相色谱分析方法。方法以1份乙酸水+4份乙醇组成的提取液稀释处理样品,用Waters2695型高效液相色谱仪对不同样品进行检测。结果采用ZOR-BAX Eclipse XDB-C18色谱柱,用磷酸氢二钾+乙腈作为流动相,流量1.0 ml/min,检测波长260 nm为检测条件。该方法消毒剂中醋酸氯己定检出限为2.5 ng,回收率为96.1%～99.0%,线性范围10～300μg/ml,相关系数为0.9999。结论梯度洗脱高效液相色谱法测定醋酸氯己定的含量具有灵敏度高,线形范围宽,抗干扰能力强,适用于不同剂型消毒剂中醋酸氯己定的测定。     

金属内支架治疗胃十二指肠恶性梗阻

胃十二指肠恶性梗阻的常见病因是胃癌和胰腺癌,10%～20%的胰腺癌患者可能发生胃十二指肠梗阻.胃十二指肠恶性梗阻的临床表现为腹胀,恶心呕吐,随着病程的进展,患者不能正常饮食,营养不良及脱水,加速患者的死亡.胃空肠吻合术是治疗胃十二指肠恶性梗阻的传统方法.然而多数患者已是病程晚期,不具备外科手术条件.近年来,国内外学者采用植入金属支架治疗胃十二指肠恶性梗阻,临床有效率达89%,是一种微创、安全、有效的方法.     

儿童氟斑牙与雌激素受体基因Xba I多态性的关系分析

目的 探讨儿童氟斑牙发生与雌激素受体基因α(ERα)Xba I多态性的关系.方法 于2006年选取河南省开封县仇楼乡、通许县孙营乡作为调查点,每个点选饮水型地方性氟中毒病区(高氟区)、对照区各1个,对调查区的8～12岁儿童进行氟斑牙检查,氟斑牙诊断采用Dean法,并依据高氟区儿童氟斑牙患病情况分为氟斑牙组、病区对照组;对照区儿童为非病区对照组.利用聚合酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态性(PCR-FRLP)方法检测儿童ERα Xba I基因型,氟离子选择电极法测定尿氟,计算尿氟超标率.结果 在高氟区儿童氟斑牙检出率为51.7%(74/143),氟斑牙指数为1.310;在对照区共调查94人,未检出氟斑牙患者,氟斑牙指数为0.021;高氟区儿童尿氟超标率[84.6%(121/143)]明显高于非病区对照组[9.6%(9/94);χ2=125.95,P<0.01].ERα Xba I基因型XX、Xx、xx分布频率,氟斑牙组分别为6.8%(5/74)、36.5%(27/74)、56.8%(42/74),病区对照组分别为15.9%(11/69)、37.7%(26/69)、46.4%(32/69),非病区对照组分别为14.9%(14/94)、43.6%(41/94)、41.5%(39/94),ERα Xba I基因型在3组儿童中分布组间比较差异无统计学意义(χ2=3.450,P>0.05).尿氟超标儿童ERα Xba I等位基因X、x频率,氟斑牙组儿童分别为22.7%(30/132)、77.3%(102/132),病区对照组儿童分别为35.5%(39/110)、64.5%(71/110),二者比较差异有统计学意义(χ2=4.768,P<0.05;OR=0.535.95%CI:0.305～0.941).结论 在尿氟超标的儿童中,携带X等位基因可能降低氟斑牙发生的危险性.     

河南省降氟改水工程运行现状调查

目的了解河南省降氟改水工程运转及水氟情况。方法采取以县为单位整群抽样,对河南省 15个省辖市的45个重点县(市、区)降氟改水工程全部进行调查。结果共调查4 345处降氟改水工程,其中正常使用工程3 092处,占71．16％;间断供水工程137处,占3．15％;报废工程1 116处,占25．68％。调查3 158处降氟改水工程水氟,其中水氟合格工程2 605处,占82．49％;水氟超标工程553处,占17．51％。结论河南省降氟改水工程报废和水氟回升超标现象较为严重,探讨可持续性降氟改水防治策略,是今后值得研究的课题。