New Zealand Emergency Medicine Network: A collaboration for acute care research in New Zealand

The specialty of emergency medicine in Australasia is coming of age. As part of this maturation there is a need for high‐quality evidence to inform practice. This article describes the development of the New Zealand Emergency Medicine Network, a collaboration of committed emergency care researchers who share the vision that New Zealand/Aotearoa will have a world‐leading, patient‐centred emergency care research network, which will improve emergency care for all, so that people coming to any ED in the country will have access to the same world‐class emergency care.     

老年人肺炎临床特征：附60例分析

老年肺炎患者免疫及机体的反应能力差,起病缓慢隐匿,缺乏典型症状与体征,并发病及伴发病多,治疗反应差,病死率高,诊断和治疗时均应考虑这些特点。     

联合应用纳洛酮与甲基强的松龙对大鼠急性肺损伤的保护作用

目的　探讨联合应用甲基强的松龙、纳洛酮对内毒素所致急性肺损伤大鼠的防治作用及可能机制。方法　建立大鼠内毒素吸入性ALI模型 (LPS ,3mg/kg气管内注射 ) ,85只大鼠随机分为生理盐水对照组、内毒素损伤组、甲基强的松龙组 (内毒素 甲基强的松龙 )、纳洛酮组 (内毒素 纳洛酮 )、联合用药组 (内毒素 甲基强的松龙 纳洛酮 )。采用放射免疫方法检测大鼠血清TNF -α、IL - 8水平 ,并观察动脉血气分析及肺组织病理变化。结果　内毒素损伤组较生理盐水组TNF -α、IL - 8水平明显增高 ,动脉血氧分压明显降低 ,肺组织可见肿胀、淤血、炎细胞浸润。联合用药组各项指标较内毒素损伤组均轻。结论　联合应用甲基强的松龙和纳洛酮可降低气管内注入内毒素致大鼠ALI血清TNF -α、IL - 8升高水平 ,减轻肺损伤病理改变程度 ,对大鼠ALI有防治作用     

全国各省法定传染病疫情动态摘抄(200505期)

2005年6月四川省报告狂犬病10例，均死亡。与上月及去年同期比，报告发病、死亡分别上升43％、400％。报告发病、死亡病例主要分布于自贡市（3例）、乐山市（2例）、眉山市（2例）、达州市（2例）、成都市（1例）。截止2005年6月30日，全省已累计报告狂犬病发病24例，均死亡。2～70岁各年龄段均有发病，主要集中在50～60岁年龄组，占50％。男女性别比3：1。职业以农民为主，约占58％。     

全国各省法定传染病疫情动态摘抄(200604期)

内蒙古：2006年5月报告病例1215例，比上月上升42．6％，比去年同期上升2．88％，病例主要集中在锡林郭勒盟（358例）、乌兰察布市（347例）、呼伦贝尔市（234例）、赤峰市（94例）及兴安盟和通辽市（各83例）。职业以农民和牧民为主，分别占61．07％和23．78％。     

在急救中心开展多发伤一体化救治分析

目的 探讨提高多发伤救治成功率的措施。方法 回顾性总结2002年6月～2003年6月间中山市急救中心开展多发伤救治的效果，分析多发伤一体化救治的模式和关键点。结果 共收治135例，抢救成功107例，成功率79．3％；死亡28例，死亡率20．7％。结论 (1)住急救中心实施多发伤一体化救治是提高其成功率的有效途径，也是多发伤救治的发展趋势，(2)在急救中心实施多发伤一体化救治的模式：急救中心设立创伤中心、建立成套的创伤急救体系，培养高素质专业人员．多发伤的诊治由急救中心医师实施或组织实施。(3)严重多发伤救治的关键点：抓好院前、院内急救——抢救生命；开展急诊手术——尽早修复损伤器官，消除致死致残因素；重视重症监护及治疗——进一步治疗原发损伤，保护各脏器功能，促进机体恢复，防止并发症。     

Emergency Department influenza vaccination campaign allows increasing influenza vaccination coverage without disrupting time interval quality indicators

To evaluate the impact of an influenza vaccination (IV) coverage (IVC) in a vaccination campaign of an Emergency Department (EDVC) and its impact on ED time interval quality indicators. We conducted a 4 year observational study, with an intervention during the 4th year. IVC was calculated during pre-and early-epidemic periods. During the final period, a 12 weeks EDVC was implemented. Physicians and nurses were trained and sensitized in the importance of vaccination, and their role in the prevention of severe forms of influenza was reinforced. The vaccine was proposed by physicians and nurses, and delivered by them. Repeated measures ANOVA is a validated method for related not independent groups (https://statistics.laerd.com/statistical-guides/repeated-measures-anova-statistical-guide.php). Overall, IVC was 987/3191 (30.9%) with an increasing trend from 28.8 to 33.2%. In the fourth period, out of 868 patients identified with IV indication, 288 had already been vaccinated (IVC?33.2%). After excluding patients presenting criteria of exclusion, IV was proposed to 475 patients: 317 (66.7%) accepted. The vaccination rate after patient’s acceptance was 89.6% (288/317). At the end of the EDVC, influenza vaccination coverage was 572 (284?+?288)/868 (65.9%). The delay between arrival at the ED and seeing the triage nurse and physician as well as the overall ED length of stay were not modified during the study period and before and during EDVC. EDVC effectively doubled the influenza vaccination coverage, without modifying ED time interval quality indicators.     

Patient‐level Factors and the Quality of Care Delivered in Pediatric Emergency Departments

Objective

Quality of care delivered to adult patients in the emergency department (ED) is often associated with demographic and clinical factors such as a patient's race/ethnicity and insurance status. We sought to determine whether the quality of care delivered to children in the ED was associated with a variety of patient‐level factors.

Methods

This was a retrospective, observational cohort study. Pediatric patients (<18 years) who received care between January 2011 and December 2011 at one of 12 EDs participating in the Pediatric Emergency Care Applied Research Network (PECARN) were included. We analyzed demographic factors (including age, sex, and payment source) and clinical factors (including triage, chief complaint, and severity of illness). We measured quality of care using a previously validated implicit review instrument using chart review with a summary score that ranged from 5 to 35. We examined associations between demographic and clinical factors and quality of care using a hierarchical multivariable linear regression model with hospital site as a random effect.

Results

In the multivariable model, among the 620 ED encounters reviewed, we did not find any association between patient age, sex, race/ethnicity, and payment source and the quality of care delivered. However, we did find that some chief complaint categories were significantly associated with lower than average quality of care, including fever (–0.65 points in quality, 95% confidence interval [CI] = –1.24 to –0.06) and upper respiratory symptoms (–0.68 points in quality, 95% CI = –1.30 to –0.07).

Conclusion

We found that quality of ED care delivered to children among a cohort of 12 EDs participating in the PECARN was high and did not differ by patient age, sex, race/ethnicity, and payment source, but did vary by the presenting chief complaint.