RAPD法对肺炎克雷白杆菌的基因分型

为了探讨肺炎克雷白杆菌的基因分型，我们用煮沸法制备细菌基因组ＤＮＡ，进行随机引物－聚合物酶链反应，所有１８个肺炎克雷白杆菌菌株均产生了特异性的，可重复的扩增条带，提示：ＲＡＰＤ方法可用于肺炎克雷白杆菌的分型鉴定和进行分子流行病学研究。     

妊娠高血压综合征对足月新生儿胰岛素敏感性的影响

【目的】　探讨母亲孕期患妊高征对足月新生儿胰岛素敏感性的影响。　【方法】　 13 0名足月新生儿 ,其母孕前无慢性高血压 ,孕期无宫内感染及糖尿病 ,新生儿出生后无窒息史 ,未发现明显畸形。根据母亲孕期是否患妊高征将研究对象分为两组 ,所有研究对象均进行出生测量 ,并于生后 3d做餐前血糖、胰岛素 ,72名新生儿做了血脂检查。　【结果】　妊高征母亲所生新生儿的平均出生体重、身长及胸围均明显低于对照组 (P <0 .0 5 ) ;血糖水平两组比较差异无显著性 (P >0 .0 5 ) ,但胰岛素及胰岛素 /血糖则明显高于对照组 (P <0 .0 5 )。上述发现在对出生体重修正后 ,依然存在。不仅如此妊高征母亲所生新生儿的平均TG水平高于对照组 ,而HDL c低于对照组 (P <0 .0 5 )。　【结论】　母亲妊高征对新生儿的出生体重及胰岛素敏感性均有一定的影响     

重度先兆子痫终止妊娠孕周和方法与围生结局再评估

目的　探讨重度先兆子痫 (severe pre- eclam psia)终止妊娠时间和方法与围生结局的关系。　方法　系统性回顾分析 1988年 9月至 2 0 0 2年 2月我院收治的 30 4例重度先兆子痫终止妊娠时间、方法与围生结局。　结果　孕 33周前胎死宫内发生率及围生儿病死率明显高于孕 33周后者 ,差异有显著性 (χ2 =6 9.89,P<0 .0 0 1;χ2 =10 .5 0 ,P<0 .0 5 )。孕 33周前和 33周后阴道分娩与剖宫产的新生儿死亡率比较 ,差异均无显著性 (P>0 .0 5 )。　结论　重度先兆子痫发生时间和终止妊娠时间与产科结局和围生结局密切相关 ,在 <34孕周发生的重度先兆子痫 ,适时终止妊娠 ,慎行剖宫产 ,有利提高母婴生存质量。     

早产儿呼吸窘迫综合征和湿肺的临床对照研究

目的 了解早产儿发生呼吸窘迫综合征(RDS)和湿肺[又称暂时性呼吸困难(TTN)]的危险因素、临床表现、治疗和并发症.方法 采用回顾性病例对照研究方法,分析99例在2013年就诊于北京大学第三医院儿科新生儿重症监护病房的RDS或TTN早产儿病例资料,其中RDS 30例,TTN 69例.99例中男54例,女45例.观察RDS组和TTN组围生期危险因素、呼吸支持、并发症等.组间比较采用x2检验或Fisher's精确概率法或独立样本t检验.结果 99例早产儿出生胎龄(31.9±2.2)周;出生体重(1 661 501)g.RDS组和TTN组胎龄和出生体重差异均有统计学意义[(29.5±2.5)比(32.0±3.2)周,(1 115 ±415)比(1 660±531)g,t=6.046、5.916,P=0.002、0.001].生后0～2 h内,RDS组和TTN组pH分别是7.25±0.09和7.30±0.01(t=-2.144,P=0.046),氧分压(PaO2)分别为(55±20)和(41 ±2)mmHg(1 mmHg=0.133 kPa,t=2.863,P=0.001),氧合指数分别为(149±58)和(100±9)mmHg(t =3.379,P=0.003).RDS组和TTN组分别有30例和12例应用肺表面活性物质(P＜0.01).RDS组25例应用有创机械通气,5例应用无创机械通气,TTN组44例应用无创机械通气,25例应用鼻导管吸氧.RDS组和TTN组发生呼吸机相关肺炎的例数分别是14例(46.7％)和4例(5.8％)(P=0.038),发生动脉导管未闭的例数分别为19例(63.3％)和9例(13.0％)(P=0.025),发生3度或4度脑室内出血的例数分别为9例(30.0％)和2例(2.9％)(P=0.041),发生支气管肺发育不良的例数分别为12例(40.0％)和5例(7.2％)(P=0.019).结论 RDS和TTN是早产儿生后早期呼吸困难的主要病因.早产儿RDS的特点是多见于胎龄＜30周的超低出生体重儿或极低出生体重儿,早期酸中毒程度重,有创机械通气应用比例高,并发症多.早产儿TTN的特点是多见于胎龄30 ～34周的低出生体重儿,早期低氧血症程度重,无创机械通气比例高.     

先天性腮腺炎病毒肺炎(文摘)

一名男婴宫内孕38周经阴道分娩出生。孕母有阴道炎病史，产前2周发热，产前24小时胎膜早破，新生儿出生体重2900g，头围34cm，APgar评分1分钟5分，5分钟7分，生后即出现呼吸困难，经气管内插管用呼吸机及100％纯氧辅助呼吸，转入新生儿监护病房，查患儿面色苍白、心（－）双肺有细湿罗音，肝肋下2cm，弹及边，血红蛋白9．4克，血小板6900．白细胞49200，中性粒细胞80％，淋巴细胞11／。单核细胞州，血气分析示中度代谢性酸中毒，胸片有颗粒状阴影，UCG（－）血液、脑脊液、气管等多处细菌、衣原体、真菌、酵母菌培养均阴性，常规尿、痰液…     

妊娠合并糖尿病对子代婴幼儿期胰岛素敏感性的影响

目的 探讨妊娠合并糖尿病对子代婴幼儿期胰岛素敏感性的影响.方法 本研究为前瞻性队列研究,在2、4、6、8、10、12、18和24月龄测量糖尿病母亲的子代和非糖尿病母亲的子代的体重、身长,计算体重指数.在6、12和24月龄随访当日测定空腹血浆血糖和空腹血清胰岛素(fasting seruminsulin,FINS),计算胰岛素敏感指数(insulin sensitivityindex,ISI),采用胰岛素稳态模型(homeostasis model assessment,HOMA)计算胰岛素抵抗(insulin resistence,IR)指数,即HOMA-IR,将FINS、ISI和HOMA-IR作为胰岛素敏感性评价指标.采用协方差分析比较2组间胰岛素敏感性的差异.结果 最初纳入研究的婴幼儿共605例,其中糖尿病母亲的子代94例,非糖尿病母亲的子代511例.糖尿病母亲的子代在2、4和6月龄时体重、身长均大于非糖尿病母亲的子代,2和4月龄时体重指数也大于非糖尿病母亲的子代,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).在6、12和24月龄测定空腹血浆血糖和FINS的婴幼儿分别有276例、273例和56例.糖尿病母亲的子代在6、12和24月龄时的FINS[经对数(Lg)转换]分别为0.95±0.30、0.89±0.34和0.90±0.27,HOMA-IR值[经对数(Lg)转换]分别为0.34±0.33、0.27士0.36和0.27±0.31,ISI[经对数(Ln)转换]分别为-3.87±0.75、-3.73±0.81和-3.73±0.71;FINS和HOMA-IR值高于非糖尿病母亲的子代(FINS分别为0.70±0.45、0.73±0.35和0.67±0.30,HOMA-IR分别为0.08±0.46、0.10±0.36和0.03±0.33),差异有统计学意义(t=9.58、5.01、6.11、9.55、4.79和5.06,P均＜0.05);ISI低于非糖尿病母亲的子代(分别为-3.29±1.05、-3.35±0.84和-3.18±0.77),差异有统计学意义(t=9.20、4.90和5.06,P均＜0.05).糖尿病母亲的子代胰岛素敏感者22例,其中母乳喂养9例(40.91%),混合喂养7例(31.82%),配方乳喂养6例(27.27%);胰岛素不敏感者72例,其中母乳喂养12例(16.67%),混合喂养21例(29.17%)、配方乳喂养39例(54.17%),差异有统计学意义(x2=7.02,P=0.03).结论 妊娠合并糖尿病对子代婴幼儿期的胰岛素敏感性有不良影响,并且影响婴儿早期的生长发育,而母乳喂养可能有助于减少婴幼儿期胰岛素抵抗.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the effects of pregnancy complicated with diabetes on the insulin sensitivity of offspring during their early childhood. Methods Offspring of diabetic mothers(ODM) and of non-diabetic mothers(ONDM) aged 1 month to 24 months were recruited into this prospective cohort study and followed up for two years. Body weight and body length were measured at 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 18 and 24 months of age respectively, and body mass index (BMI) were calculated. Fasting plasma glucose and fasting serum insulin levels were measured on the following-up day at 6, 12 and 24 months of age and insulin sensitivity index (ISI) was calculated. Homeostasis model assessment was used to calculate the insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). Insulin sensitivity was evaluated by fasting serum insulin, ISI and HOMA-IR. The difference of insulin sensitivity between ODM and ONDM group were examined by analysis of covariance adjusted by gender, gestational age,birth weight and BMI. Results Six hundred and five babies including ninety ODM and five hundred and eleven ONDM met the inclusion criteria. There were no differences in gender, gestational age,birth-weight/height between the two groups(P＞0. 05). ODM were heavier and higher than ONDM at each measure point during early childhood, but there were statistical differences at the age of 2, 4 and 6 months only (P＜0. 05). And the BMI at age of 2 and 4 months of ODM were higher than those of ONDM(P＜0.05). The number of baby who accepted the measurement of fasting plasma glucose and fasting serum insulin levels at 6, 12 and 24 months of age was 276 cases, 273 cases and 56 cases respectively. The fasting serum insulin of ODM (logarithmically transformed) were 0. 95±0. 30,0. 89±0. 34 and 0. 90±0. 27, which were higher than those of ONDM (0. 70±0. 45, 0. 73±0. 35 and 0. 67±0. 30) (t=9. 58, 5.01 and 6. 11, P＜0.05); HOMA-IR (logarithmically transformed) were 0. 34±0. 33, 0. 27±0. 36 and 0. 27±0. 31, which were higher than those of ONDM also(0.08±0. 46,0. 10±0. 36 and 0. 03 ± 0.33) (t= 9. 55, 4. 79 and 5. 06, P＜0.05); ISI(natural logarithmically transformed) were -3.87±0. 75, -3.73±0. 81 and -3. 73±0. 71, which were lower than those of ONDM(-3.29±1.05, -3.35±0.84 and -3.18±0. 77) (t=9.20, 4. 90 and 5.06, P＜0.05).There were differences in feeding characteristics of ODM between insulin sensitive subgroup [40. 9%(9/22) breast-feeding] and insulin insensitive subgroup [16.67 % (12/72) breast-feeding] (x2 = 7.02,P=0. 03). Conclusions Pregnancy complicated with diabetes has adverse effects on the offspring insulin sensitivity during their early childhood, and affects the early growth and development of them.Breast-feeding might decrease insulin resistance in babies.     

15岁女孩突发抽搐并肺部多发结节

15岁女童因抽搐1次,同时肺部CT发现肺结节入院.无肢端发绀,无明显杵状指/趾畸形.实验室检查示血红蛋白升高(162 g/L)、动脉血氧分压降低(61.5 mm Hg).肺部CT提示右肺中叶见不规则稍高密度结节,增强扫描可见明显强化,局部见粗大血管影.追问病史发现患儿母亲有鼻衄、肺部肿物切除史及舌部毛细血管扩张表现.患...     

极低/超低出生体重早产儿代谢性骨病危险因素的全国多中心调查

目的 分析极低/超低出生体重(very/extremely low birth weight,VLBW/ELBW)早产儿代谢性骨病(metabolic bone disease of prematurity,MBDP)的发生率及危险因素.方法 回顾性调查2013年9月1日至2016年8月31日全国多中心61786例新生...