Expression of surface antigens distinguishing "naive" and previously activated lymphocytes in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid

Studies in animals suggest that the initial activation of unprimed ("naive") T lymphocytes by inhaled antigens may occur outside the lung with later recruitment to the lung. If this is true all lymphocytes present in the lung should show evidence of prior activation. To test this hypothesis for lymphocytes present on the alveolar surface, the expression of surface antigens, which distinguish unprimed from previously activated cells (CD45RA, CD29, Leu-8), were measured on T lymphocytes recovered from blood and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from normal subjects and patients with sarcoidosis. Few T lymphocytes from the lavage fluid of normal subjects and patients with sarcoidosis expressed the Leu 8+ or CD45RAbright phenotype expected for "naive" cells; more cells had the CD29dull phenotype expected for "naive" cells, though five of eight subjects had under 2% of such cells. These findings support the conclusion that the only T lymphocytes present on the surface of the respiratory tract are those recognising antigens that have been previously encountered by the individual. Further studies are required to determine whether "naive" T lymphocytes are present in other lung compartments.     

经皮椎体成形术治疗新鲜骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折

目的探讨经皮椎体成形术(percutaneous vertebroplasty,PVP)治疗新鲜骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折的疗效。方法 2011年1月~2012年12月共治疗骨质疏松性单椎体压缩骨折38例,其中男7例,女31例;年龄55~80岁(平均65.1岁)。患者取俯卧位局麻下行单侧穿刺PVP。测量椎体高度的恢复情况和后凸角改善情况,视觉模拟量表(visual analogue scale,VAS)评分评价疼痛缓解程度,活动能力评分检测活动改善情况,并对并发症进行分析。结果所有手术均顺利完成,每个椎体平均填充骨水泥3.5 m L。随访时间均12个月。椎体前壁高度由术前(19.2±5.7)mm改善至术后(20.0±5.7)mm,椎体中间高度由术前(19.2±5.1)mm改善至术后(20.2±5.0)mm,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);椎体后壁高度和Cobb角术前与术后相比,差异无统计学意义(P0.05);VAS评分术前8.3±1.1,术后12个月时为1.1±0.6,术前、术后差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。活动能力评分术前3.1±0.9,术后12个月时为1.1±0.3,术前、术后差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。骨水泥渗漏9例。结论 PVP可有效治疗新鲜骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折,创伤小,减轻疼痛,改善功能,无重大并发症。     

Effect and mechanism of 125I radioactive particles interposed radiotherapy between organizations on lung cancer

Objective： The aim of this study was to evaluate effect and mechanism of 125I radioactive particles interposed radiotherapy between organizations on lung cancer. Methods： Fourteen cases of patients diagnosed with non-small cell lung cancer （NSCLC）, the use of the B-, CT-guided, according to preoperative imaging and treatment planning system （TPS） program for radioactive particles interposed 125I interstitial radiotherapy. Results： All patients were successfully 125I interstitial radioactive particles interposed radiotherapy. Postoperative local complete tumor remission in 9 cases, partial remission in 5 cases, the efficiency of 100%. No case of serious complications. After 3 to 4 weeks of chemotherapy after 11 cases. 4 cases of lung cancer with bone metastases, pain completely disappeared after treatment. Up to now, five cases have died due to tumor progression, survival time of 12 to 16 months. Nine cases still under follow-up observation and treatment. Conclu- sion： 125I radioactive particles interposed radiotherapy between organizations of lung cancer, simple operation, trauma, fewer complications, conformal high, high local tumor dose, efficacy, and is a supplement of modern radiotherapy techniques for the treatment of lung cancer provides a comprehensive line of the method of effective.     

利用六通道光纤传感系统监测盐酸胺碘酮片的溶出度

目的:利用六通道光纤药物溶出度过程监测仪,建立盐酸胺碘酮片剂的溶出度测定方法。方法:将6个光纤公共端部分别降入盛有900 mL0.25%十二烷基硫酸钠溶液的溶出杯,分别投入盐酸胺碘酮片,采用桨法,转速100 r·min~(-1),测定波长305 nm,参比波长为550 nm,通过计算机监视溶出过程。结果:光程6 mm,在305 nm 处胺碘酮于20.00～200.00 mg·L~(-1)范围内线性关系良好(r=0.9999),回收率试验与中国药典2000年版溶出度测定方法比较,2种测定方法无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:该法实现同时检测6片胺碘酮的溶出度,可直接从溶出曲线上提取相关参数;六通道光纤药物溶出过程监测系统原位、实时、连续、定量地反映了溶出迅速的特性,获得的数据信息更加完整、真实,相应软件的使用实现了体外溶出过程监测的自动化、智能化。     

Pathogen elimination and prevention within a regulated,Designated Pathogen Free,closed pig herd for long‐term breeding and production of xenotransplantation materials

Background

We established a Source Animal (barrier) Facility (SAF ) for generating designated pathogen‐free (DPF ) pigs to serve as donors of viable organs, tissues, or cells for xenotransplantation into clinical patients. This facility was populated with caesarian derived, colostrum deprived (CDCD ) piglets, from sows of conventional‐specific (or specified) pathogen‐free (SPF ) health status in six cohorts over a 10‐month period. In all cases, CDCD piglets fulfilled DPF status including negativity for porcine circovirus (PCV ), a particularly environmentally robust and difficult to inactivate virus which at the time of SAF population was epidemic in the US commercial swine production industry. Two outbreaks of PCV infection were subsequently detected during sentinel testing. The first occurred several weeks after PCV ‐negative animals were moved under quarantine from the nursery into an animal holding room. The apparent origin of PCV was newly installed stainless steel penning, which was not sufficiently degreased thereby protecting viral particles from disinfection. The second outbreak was apparently transmitted via employee activities in the Caesarian‐section suite adjacent to the barrier facility. In both cases, PCV was contained in the animal holding room where it was diagnosed making a complete facility depopulation‐repopulation unnecessary.

Method

Infectious PCV was eliminated during both outbreaks by the following: euthanizing infected animals, disposing of all removable items from the affected animal holding room, extensive cleaning with detergents and degreasing agents, sterilization of equipment and rooms with chlorine dioxide, vaporized hydrogen peroxide, and potassium peroxymonosulfate, and for the second outbreak also glutaraldehyde/quaternary ammonium. Impact on other barrier animals throughout the process was monitored by frequent PCV diagnostic testing.

Result

After close monitoring for 6 months indicating PCV absence from all rooms and animals, herd animals were removed from quarantine status.

Conclusion

Ten years after PCV clearance following the second outbreak, due to strict adherence to biosecurity protocols and based on ongoing sentinel diagnostic monitoring (currently monthly), the herd remains DPF including PCV negative.

     

一阶导数光谱法测定奈韦拉平片含量

目的:建立测定奈韦拉平片中奈韦拉平含量的方法。方法:采用一阶导数UV光谱法,以275 nm(峰)与299 nm(谷)振幅值为定量依据,进行定量分析。该法与RP-HPLC法和零阶导数光谱法进行了对比。色谱柱为Shimadzu ODS(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm),流动相为甲醇-水(用磷酸调pH=3),(60∶40),流速为1.0 mL.min-1;紫外检测波长282 nm,柱温35℃,采用外标法计算含量。结果:结果表明奈韦拉平浓度在2.5～25.0μg.mL-1范围内与振幅值呈良好的线性关系(r=0.9997),平均回收率为99.5%(RSD=1.5%)。统计检验发现HPLC法与一阶导数UV法无显著性差异,而与零阶导数法有显著性差异。结论:一阶导数UV光谱法可靠,简便快速,可有效消除赋形剂干扰,结果准确,可用于奈韦拉平片的质量控制。     

阿米乐努西达日蜜膏中没食子酸的含量测定

摘要目的建立测定维吾尔医药阿米乐努西达日蜜膏没食子酸含量的方法。方法采用高效液相色谱法,色谱柱：phenomenex C18（4.6 mm×250 mm,5 μm）;检测波长：273 nm;流动相：甲醇 0.4%磷酸水溶液（10：90）;流速：1.0 mL•min－1;进样量：10 μL;柱温：25 ℃。结果没食子酸在0.106～0.530 μg范围内峰面积与进样量具有良好的线性关系（r＝0.999 7）,平均加样回收率为97.9%（n＝9）,RSD＝1.13%。结论该方法操作简便、准确、灵敏度高、重复性好,可为阿米乐努西达日蜜膏质量评价提供参考。