血清抗精子抗体对体外受精及单精子显微注射的影响

目的:探讨抗精子抗体(AsAb)对常规体外受精(IVF-ET)及卵胞浆内单精子显微注射(ICSI)的受精、胚胎发育、妊娠率的影响。方法:回顾性分析637例IVF-ET及ICSI患者的临床及实验室资料,并将其分为4组,A组:IVF-ET伴AsAb阳性,36例;B组:ICSI伴AsAb阳性,25例;C组:IVF-ET,AsAb阴性,413例;D组:ICSI,AsAb阴性,163例,分析各组受精率、优质胚胎率及妊娠率的差异。结果:A组受精率显著低于其他各组;A组优质胚胎率及妊娠率显著低于C组和D组;B组优质胚胎率及妊娠率与A组无显著性差异。结论:血清抗精子抗体的存在不但影响精子和卵子的结合,同样也影响胚胎的发育及种植,卵胞浆内单精子显微注射可提高受精率,但对提高胚胎质量及妊娠率无意义。     

Establishment and evaluation of bone mineral density reference databases appropriate for diagnosis and evaluation of osteoporosis in Chinese women

 This study was designed to establish Bone Mineral Density (BMD) Reference Databases for multiple skeletal sites appropriate for the diagnosis and evaluation of osteoporosis (OP) in Chinese women. We recruited 2702 healthy Chinese women, 5–96 years of age, for BMD assessment. BMD values at multiple skeletal sites including anteroposterior (AP) and lateral (Lat) lumbar spine, hip, and forearm were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) using a QDR 4500A device; results were analyzed according to age group using eight regression models. BMD Reference Databases (CWD) were established according to the best regression equation and compared with Hologic reference databases for “Oriental Women” (OWD). Results indicated that the cubic regression model was superior to the quadratic, linear, logarithmic, and exponential regression models, etc. for our purpose, with a determinate coefficient (R ²) of 0.363–0.650 (P = 0.000). We included 1636 female patients, aged 35–86 years, in our tests. In comparison with Hologic Reference Databases, the mean detection rate of OP in the newly established BMD Reference Databases for Chinese Women (CWD) was 16.0% ± 2.68% lower (range, 13.7%–20.5%) at the AP spine, 16.8% ± 11.0% lower (range, 3.5%–32.8%) at the Lat spine (except for L4), 18.7% ± 4.6% lower (range, 12.6%–24.2%) at the hip, and 14.3% ± 6.9% higher (range, 4.7%–24.3%) at the forearm. The difference in detection rates for OP was significant between the two reference databases (P = 0.000), which was consistent with the differences in peak BMD values and the biological variability between them. Based upon our data, we confirmed that the Hologic BMD Reference Databases for Oriental Women (OWD) were not suitable for the diagnosis of OP in Chinese women; the BMD Reference Databases for Chinese Women (CWD) established in this study would provide reliable diagnostic standards for detection of OP in the women of South China. Received: July 9, 2002 / Accepted: December 5, 2002 Offprint requests to: X.-P. Wu     

5-HT_(1P)受体介导的交感神经节慢突触传递

目的　在豚鼠肠系膜下神经节 (IMG)细胞上观察不同 5 羟色胺 (5 HT)受体亚型拮抗剂对非胆碱能迟慢兴奋性突触后电位 (LS EPSP)的作用。方法　应用离体细胞内记录技术。结果　赛庚啶 (cyproheptadine ,5 HT1/ 2 受体拮抗剂 )及BRL 2 492 4(5 HT1P受体拮抗剂 )可逆的阻抑 5 HT敏感细胞的LS EPSP ,而mianserin(5 HT2 受体拮抗剂 ) ,MDL72 2 2 2 (5 HT3 受体拮抗剂 ) ,spiperone(5 HT1A受体拮抗剂 )对LS EPSP无显著影响 ;用MCPP(5 HT1P受体激动剂 )持续灌流IMG使 5 HT敏感细胞脱敏后可逆的阻抑LS EPSP的发生。结论　 5 HT敏感细胞的LS EPSP是由 5 HT1P受体介导的。     

Establishment of BMD reference databases for the diagnosis and evaluation of osteoporosis in central southern Chinese men

Osteoporosis in men is an increasingly important public health problem. This study was designed to establish bone mineral density (BMD) reference databases for central southern Chinese men at multiple skeletal sites. We recruited 2433 native Chinese males for BMD assessment. Of these, 1537 were healthy volunteers (age range, 15–85 years), and 896 were suspected to have osteoporosis. BMD values were measured at the posteroanterior (PA) and lateral spine, hip, and distal forearm using a Delphi A absorptiometer. The quadratic regression model provided the best fit for age-related changes in BMD in the spine and hip. The cubic regression model was the best for describing age-related BMD changes in the distal forearm. Peak BMD in the lumbar spine, femoral neck, and total hip occurred at 15–19 years. Peak BMD at the distal forearm occurred at 40–44 years. The prevalence of primary osteoporosis in subjects ranging from 50–85 years was 4.3%–27.7% at various skeletal sites. Compared to the databases established here, the Hologic databases led to significantly higher osteoporosis detection rates. The BMD reference databases established for central southern Chinese men provide the most reliable diagnostic standards for osteoporosis detection in men of central south China.     

Microcracks: an alternative index for evaluating bone biomechanical quality

To investigate microcracks as a potential index of bone biomechanical quality in rats, 98 Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats, 10 months old, were used. Eight rats were killed at the beginning of the study, to serve as baseline controls. The remaining 90 rats were ovariectomized (OVX), and treated with 17 -estradiol (EST) at 10µg/kg per day, or sham-operated (sham). These 90 rats were killed at 3, 15, and 12 weeks post-surgery. Bone mineral density (BMD) of the total body, the lumbar spine L1–L4, and the tibiae was measured, using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Bone histomorphometry of the right proximal tibial metaphysis was performed. Compressive testing was performed on the L5 vertebral body. Microcrack density (CrDn) and microcrack surface density (CrSDn) of L4 vertebral bodies that were fatigue-damaged in vitro were determined from bone sections. BMD at various sites, and CrDn and CrSDn were higher at weeks 15 and 21 than at week 3 post-operation. Trabecular separation (TbSp) increased, while trabecular number (TbN) decreased, and the maximum loading (ML) and elastic modulus (EM) of the vertebrae reached their peak values at week 15. At week 3 post-surgery, OVX rats displayed greater TbSp, CrDn, and CrSDn but less trabecular bone volume (BV) than both sham and EST rats. At week 15, BMD and ML were decreased in OVX rats compared with sham rats. At week 21, BMD, TbN, and TbAr were decreased in OVX compared with EST and sham rats. The OVX rats showed greater TbSp, bone formation rate, mineral apposition rate, percent labeled perimeter (%Pm), CrDn, and CrSDn, and lower ML and EM values than both EST and sham rats. Thus, microcrack parameters represent bone biomechanical quality changes associated with ovariectomy in rats, and they indicate the efficacy of estrogen replacement therapy.     

雷公藤多苷对单侧输尿管结扎小鼠肾小管间质纤维化和炎性损伤的影响

目的通过雷公藤多苷对UUO小鼠肾组织α-平滑肌肌动蛋白（α-smooth muscle actin,α-SMA）、细胞间黏附分子（Intercellular adhesion molecule1,ICAM-1）、单核细胞趋化因子（Monocyte chem oattractant protein1,MCP-1）表达的影响,探讨其防治肾间质纤维化作用及其机理。方法采用小鼠单侧输尿管结扎（UUO）模型,用雷公藤多苷进行干预,用血管紧张素受体抑制剂蒙诺作为对照。肾脏病理用HE和MASSON染色;肾组织α-SMA表达采用免疫组化;ICAM-1蛋白质表达采用Western blot方法检测;MCP-1基因表达采用逆转录-聚合酶链式反应（RT-PCR）方法。结果UUO模型组小鼠肾间质纤维化程度以及肾组织α-SMA的表达较假手术组显著增高,肾小管间质中炎细胞浸润亦较假手术组明显增加;雷公藤多苷各治疗组肾间质纤维化程度、α-SMA和ICAM-1蛋白、MCP-1基因表达均显著低于模型组;蒙诺治疗亦可显著降低肾间质纤维化程度和肾组织α-SMA的表达,但对于炎细胞浸润和炎症因子的抑制作用不如雷公藤多苷显著,而且未见其抑制ICAM-1表达的作用。结论雷公藤多苷可显著抑制肾间质纤维化和肌成纤维细胞的积聚,其机制可能与其抑制肾组织炎症因子的表达及炎细胞浸润有关。     

Comparison of spine and femur reference data in native Chinese women from different regions of China

The aim of this study is to explore the differences of BMD reference curves at various skeletal sites among Chinese women from different regions of China and to investigate the feasibility of establishing a unified national BMD reference database for Chinese women. We measured BMD at the posteroanterior (PA) lumbar spine, femoral neck, trochanter and Wards triangle by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry bone densitometer in 3,422 Changsha women of South Central China, aged 20–84 years. The documented BMDs of reference populations of women in all other areas included Shanghai ( n =2,111) and Nanjing ( n =3,174) in the East, Shenyang ( n =1,213) in the Northeast, Kunming ( n =523) in the Southwest, Chongqing ( n =811) in the Midwest and Xian ( n =1,320) in the Northwest. We adopted the cubic regression as the fitting model for reference curves of BMD that varied with age, conducted conversions of BMD measured by various bone densitometers from different manufacturers and compared the differences between standardized BMD (sBMD) reference curves and combined ones for women from different areas. Our results revealed that by comparing variances in women from different areas, the average variances of non-standard BMD were 0.8–30.8% at the PA spine, 0.7–24.5% at the femoral neck, 0.6–29.9% at the trochanter and 1.1–54.7% at Wards triangle, while average variances of sBMD either significantly decreased or disappeared (0.8–3.9% at the PA spine, 0.7–8.6% at the femoral neck, 0.6–8.3% at the trochanter and 1.1–29.9% at Wards triangle). The sBMD reference curves were highly positive-dependent with combined ones ( r =0.913–0.999, P =0.000). At the PA spine and trochanter, the effect of combined sBMD curves presented well in women from different areas, except for those from Shanghai at the PA spine and Shenyang at the trochanter, indicating that sBMD curves were significantly different from pooled ones; at the femoral neck and Wards triangle, the effect of combined sBMD reference curves was poor, indicating that sBMD curves demonstrated significant differences from pooled ones in women from a majority of these areas. We conclude that, in high density population areas, sBMD reference curves showed no significant geographic differences in women from various regions. In women from different areas, sBMD reference curves present good pooled results at the PA spine and trochanter. The less ideal combining effect of the sBMD curves at both femoral neck and Wards triangle might be caused by the intrinsic differences from the different measuring instruments.     

Determination of age-specific bone mineral density and comparison of diagnosis and prevalence of primary osteoporosis in Chinese women based on both Chinese and World Health Organization criteria

The aim of this study was to determine age-specific bone mineral density (BMD) at various skeletal regions in a native Chinese reference population, and to explore the differences in the diagnosis of primary osteoporosis and estimated prevalence of osteoporosis based on both Chinese criteria (BMD of subjects, 25% lower than the peak BMD) and WHO criteria (BMD of subjects, 2.5 SD [T-score –2.5] lower than the young adult mean [YAM]). There were 3406 subjects in our female reference population, ranging in age from 10 to 90 years. A dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) fan-beam bone densitometer (Hologic QDR 4500A) was used to measure the BMD in subjects at the posteroanterior (PA) spine (L1–L4), supine lateral spine (L2–L4 including areal BMD [aBMD] and volumetric BMD [vBMD]), hip (including femoral neck and total hip), and radius + ulna ultradistal (R + UUD) of the forearm. Cross-sectional data analysis in stratified 5-year age intervals revealed that the peak BMD (PBMD) at various skeletal regions occurred within the age range of 30–44 years, with PBMD at the lateral spine and femoral neck occurring at 30–34 years, posteroanterior spine and total hip at 35–39 years, and ultradistal forearm at 35–44 years. The reference values of BMD (PBMD) calculated using Chinese criteria for the diagnosis of primary osteoporosis were significantly higher than the young adult mean (YAM) using WHO criteria for all skeletal regions except for the total hip, at a range of 0.9%–3.8% higher. The BMD cutoff values using Chinese criteria for the diagnosis of osteoporosis were 3.7%–10.9% higher than those using WHO criteria for various skeletal regions. The prevalence rate of primary osteoporosis according to Chinese criteria in subjects ranging from 50 to 90 years was 41.5% at the PA spine, 53.9% at the lateral spine, 34.2% at the femoral neck, 30.7% for total hip, and 51.4% at R + UUD; while according to WHO criteria, this rate was 32.1% at the PA spine, 34.9% at the lateral spine, 16.3% at the femoral neck, 18.9% for total hip, and 45.2% at R + UUD. The prevalence of primary osteoporosis according to both criteria varied with the age and skeletal region of the subjects. The prevalence of primary osteoporosis using Chinese criteria, compared with WHO criteria was 31% higher at the lumbar spine, 109% higher at the femoral neck, and 14% higher at the ultradistal forearm. In conclusion, PBMD occurs in the age range of 30–44 years in native Chinese females. The BMD reference values, BMD cutoff values, and prevalence of primary osteoporosis determined by Chinese criteria are all higher than those determined by the WHO criteria; thus, the application of Chinese criteria may overestimate the number of patients with primary osteoporosis.     

豚鼠肠系膜下神经节细胞的5-HT_(1P)受体介导的慢去极化反应(英文)

观察不同５－羟色胺（５－ＨＴ）受体亚型拮抗剂对５－ＨＴ去极化反应的作用,并观察５－ＨＴ１Ｐ受体激动剂对肠系膜下神经节（ＩＭＧ）细胞膜电位的作用．方法：离休豚鼠ＩＭＧ细胞内生物电记录．结果：赛庚啶（５－ＨＴ１／２受体拮抗剂 １０ μｍｏｌ·Ｌ－, ｎ＝７）和ＢＲＬ ２４９２４（５－ＨＴ１Ｐ受体拮抗剂 １０ μｍｏｌ·Ｌ－１, ｎ＝１９）可逆地阻抑５－ＨＴ慢去极化反应;压力注射ＭＣＰＰ（５－ＨＴ１Ｐ受体激动剂 １０ ｍｍｏｌ· Ｌ－１）则使大部分５－ＨＴ敏感细胞出现慢去极化反应（１０／１４）结论：５－ＨＴ慢去极化反应是由５－ＨＴ１Ｐ受体介导．     

The Influence of Center of Rotation on the Assessment of Trabecular Bone Densitometric and Structural Properties

The center of rotation is a physical location in the microCT scanner, defined by the axis of rotation of the sample stage. This physical location is always well defined during calibration of the instrument and fitted by an appropriate algorithm. However, in real images of limited contrast and with X-ray photon noise, this algorithm exhibits poorer precision and the optimum center of rotation cannot be always acquired. Thus, adjustment by operator is necessary to determine whether the center of rotation was correct, in order that the structural information of the sample can be correctly interpreted. In this paper, the effect of center of rotation on the assessment of densitometric and structural properties of trabecular bone was firstly evaluated. Twenty female Sprague–Dawley rats of 7-month-old were randomly assigned to ovariectomized (OVX) and SHAM-operated (SHAM) groups. The left tibiae were harvested at 3 weeks postoperatively. High resolution microCT was used to identify the densitometric and microstructural properties of trabeculae in the proximal ends of tibia. After CT scanning, the best artificial center of rotation for each scan was obtained. Bone parameters analyses were performed on the centers at different places away from the best artificial center of ±0.2, ±0.5, ±1.0, ±1.5, and ±2.0 pixels, respectively. The general linear model (GLM) repeated measures procedure was used to investigate the difference in the parameters between the two groups (OVX vs. SHAM) and the possible effects of center displacements. A significant difference between OVX and SHAM groups was found in all parameters (p < 0.05) except Tb.Th, DA, and BS/BV. TBMD, DA, BS/BV, and Conn.D were decreased while BV/TV and Tb.Th were increased with the center deflection. Variations of these parameters were acceptable when the displacements were limited within ±1.5 pixels for tBMD, BV/TV, DA, and Conn.D, and ±1.0 pixels for Tb.Th and BS/BV. These changes were similar in both OVX and SHAM groups. The changing curves of bone parameters vs. centers could be well fitted by quadric regression models, by which the real center could be acquired, and thus the precision of microCT analysis would be improved. There were some inevitable differences between the best artificial and real centers.