Two-stage treatment of skeletal Class III malocclusion during the early permanent dentition.

A patient with skeletal Class III malocclusion was treated in 2 phases during the early permanent dentition. In phase 1, maxillary protraction was combined with rapid palatal expansion; in phase 2, fixed appliances were placed. The results were good posttreatment, and, 1 year later, a favorable growth tendency could be observed. This report shows that treatment for a patient with skeletal Class III malocclusion can be started in the early permanent dentition, with very good final results.     

我国医药商业企业的发展模式探析

如今我国的医药商业企业正面临着加入WTO后国外医药商业跨国企业的挑战.在危机与机遇共存的今天,寻找一种既适合国内医药市场特点又具有先进的管理理念的新的医药商业企业运作模式,已成为医药商业业内人士争相探索的热点问题.笔者在此也提出自己的一些看法,希望对我国医药商业发展模式的探索能有参考作用.     

后路截骨矫形治疗低龄先天性脊柱后凸畸形的疗效分析

目的:评价经后路截骨内固定术治疗低龄(10岁以下)先天性脊柱后凸畸形的临床效果。方法:2009年10月~2013年5月采用经后路截骨椎弓根螺钉内固定治疗先天性脊柱后凸患者17例,男6例,女11例,手术时年龄64±21个月(37~109个月)。根据Winter分型:Ⅰ型8例,Ⅱ型4例,Ⅲ型5例。后凸顶椎均位于T10~L2之间。5例伴神经系统畸形。8例行后路椎体切除(PVCR),5例行经椎弓根截骨(PSO),4例行Ponte截骨,截骨后均采用后路自体骨或同种异体骨植骨椎弓根螺钉内固定。统计手术时间、术中出血量及手术并发症,观察矫形效果、内固定并发症、椎体融合情况等。结果:手术时间210±46min(130~300min),出血量650±330ml(200~1300ml);固定融合节段4.9±0.8个(4~6个)。随访34.7±10.4个月(24~51个月),矢状面节段性后凸Cobb角由术前61.5°±14.3°(42°~92°)矫正至术后20.7°±9.0(5°~42°),矫正率为(66.3±8.7)%,末次随访时为17.5°±9.5°(1°~36°),矫正率为(71.5±10.7)%,手术后Cobb角得到显著性改善(P0.01);矢状面平衡术前为-41.3±31.8mm,术后为-43.5±30.4mm,与术前比较无显著性变化(P0.05),末次随访时为-25.6±26.7mm,较术前明显改善(P0.05)。术后出现双下肢无力1例,排尿困难1例,术后2周恢复。术前腰背痛5例、排尿异常1例,术后6个月症状好转。1例患者术后7个月出现近端交界性后凸。随访期间未发现假关节及内固定相关并发症。结论:对低龄先天性脊柱后凸畸形患者早期行后路截骨、椎弓根螺钉内固定可显著改善后凸畸形,但术后不能立即达到脊柱矢状面平衡,而是在术后随生长发育逐渐恢复矢状面平衡。     

腺病毒介导的LacZ基因靶向性导入脊髓及示踪周围神经的动态过程

目的由损伤的周围神经靶向性导入腺病毒介导的LacZ基因(AdLacZ)至脊髓，动态观察病毒裁体逆行输送到脊髓前角运动神经元、脊髓后根神经节(dorsal root ganglia，DRGs)感觉神经元及基因产物顺行标记周围神经的全过程和特点。方法分别将AdLacZ转染大鼠正中神经和胫神经近断端，然后以10-0无创线吻合神经。在转染后9周内的24个不同时间点取出正中神经组的C5～T1脊髓节段、DRGs连同臂丛，胫神经组的L2～L6脊髓节段、DRGs连同骶丛。将脊髓和DRGs的50μm横切片行X—gal染色和免疫组织化学染色，臂丛和骶丛的整个标本分别行X—gal染色。计数阳性脊髓前角运动神经元、DRGs神经元及周围神经轴突数，研究转基因表达在脊髓前角运动神经元、DRGs神经元及正中神经、胫神经的最早时间、高峰时间和持续时间。结果LacZ基因能特异性、高效表达在损伤周围神经的感觉和运动神经元。转基因在脊髓和周围神经的表达严格限于感染神经的同侧。正中神经组标本各部位的转基因表达均早于胫神经组。胫神经组被标记的运动神经元和感觉神经元数均高于正中神经组。表达持续的时间在运动神经元最短，然后是感觉神经元，在周围神经持续时间最长。在同一组内，转基因表达在DRGs神经元最早．然后是运动神经元，最后是周围神经干，而且被标记的感觉神经元数多于运动神经元数。结论由损伤的周围神经导入的AdLacZ不但在靶神经元高效特异性表达，而且能高效顺行标记神经元突起、周围神经直至吻合口远端的再生轴突。这对周围神经损伤的基因治疗和神经示踪研究有实用价值。     

联合应用上颌前方牵引及快速扩大对硬组织垂直向作用的研究

目的　研究联合应用上颌前方牵引及快速扩大对硬组织垂直向的作用。　方法　以T2—T1代表自然生长 6个月颌骨的改变 ,T3—T2代表应用联合前方牵引及快速扩大 6个月硬组织的改变 ,比较在垂直向上这两种变化的差异 ,对 2 3名恒牙早期安氏Ⅲ类患者应用联合法治疗前后硬组织改变进行了分析。结果　垂直方向上 ,颌骨各点测量值没有明显改变 ,上下颌骨并未发生明显的不必要的各种旋转 ,上颌骨基本水平前移 ;但上切牙根尖、上磨牙根尖明显下移 ,下切牙切端明显下移 ,上切牙明显唇倾。结论　联合上颌前方牵引及快速扩大方法对颌骨垂直向控制较好 ,但对牙齿垂直向控制较差。     

靶肌肉注射睫状神经营养因子促周围神经再生的功能评价

目的 评价靶肌肉注射睫状神经营养因子(Ciliary Neumtrophic Factor，CNTE)对受损周围神经功能恢复的影响。方法 用硅胶管桥接80支大鼠左侧6mm长坐骨神经缺损，随机分为2组。分别行CNTF、生理盐水(NS)靶肌肉注射。术后行坐骨神经功能指数(SFI)测定、电生理检测、轴突图像分析及霍乱毒素-辣根过氧化物酶(CB-HRP)逆行追踪。结果 CNTE组SFI恢复率、各项电生理及轴突图像分析指标、CB-HRP标记的脊髓前角运动细胞数明显优于NS组。结论 靶肌肉注射CNTF可明显促进周围神经再生，提高神经功能恢复。     

一种新的描述二维医学图像相似度的方法

通过提取 2幅图像中的特征点的位置坐标 ,并进行标准化 ,构成 2组二维向量 ,用比较 2组向量相关性的方法分析它们的相关性 ,该相关性就表征了 2幅图像间的相似度。同时提出一种基于特征点位置坐标的分析二维医学图像相似度的方法。使用该方法分析了 5幅正常颌X线片 ,得到任意 2幅图之间的相似度 ,并对影响相似度的因素作了分析 ,说明特征点的数目和选取方式对相似度影响较大 ,重复定点中的随机误差对相似度的影响很小。该方法能够定量地描述图像的相似度 ,并可以直接推广到分析 3D医学图像的相似度。     

circUSP34 accelerates osteosarcoma malignant progression by sponging miR‐16‐5p

Osteosarcoma (OS) is a primary and highly malignant mesenchymal tissue tumor. The specific pathological mechanism underlying disease initiation or progression remains unclear. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a type of covalently circular RNA with a head‐to‐tail junction site. In this study, we aimed to investigate the sponging mechanism between circRNAs and microRNAs (miRNAs) in OS. Based on the inhibited effect of miR‐16‐5p reported on OS, circUSP34 was analyzed as a sponge of miR‐16‐5p via Starbase. We found that circUSP34 promoted the proliferation, migration, and invasion of OS in vitro and in vivo. circUSP34 increased but miR‐16‐5p decreased in OS by qRT‐PCR. Function assays showed that the malignancy of OS cells, including proliferation, migration, and invasion, was inhibited after knocking out circUSP34. Western blotting results showed that the expression level of vimentin and Ki‐67 decreased. Similarly, miR‐16‐5p mimic compromised the proliferation, migration, and invasion of OS cells. FISH assay results indicated that circUSP34 and miR‐16‐5p were colocalized in the cytoplasm. The sponging mechanism of circUSP34 and miR‐16‐5p was verified by dual‐luciferase reporter assay, RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP), and RNA pull down assays. Interestingly, the miR‐16‐5p inhibitor partly reversed the inhibitory effect of sh‐circUSP34 on the malignancy of OS cells. Further, mice tumors for IHC indicated that vimentin, N‐cadherin, and Ki‐67 protein expression decreased, but E‐cadherin protein expression increased. Collectively, circUSP34 promoted OS malignancy, including proliferation, migration, and invasion, by sponging miR‐16‐5p. It can serve as a potential therapeutic target and biomarker.     

Relationship of energy charge and toxin content of Microcystis aeruginosa in nitrogen-limited or phosphorous-limited cultures.

Effects of nitrogen-limitation and phosphorus-limitation on microcystin (MC) content and energy charge (EC) of the Microcystis aeruginosa were investigated in batch cultures and semi-continuous cultures. In batch cultures, nitrogen-limitation retarded the MC synthesis and phosphorus-limitation had little effects on MC production. The EC remained constant in nitrogen-limited cultures, while it decreased largely when phosphorus was extinct in phosphorus-limited culture. In the semi-continuous cultures, MC production in nitrogen- and phosphorus-limited cultures increased with the increase of dilution rate; however, MC content in phosphorus-limited cultures was more than that in nitrogen-limited cultures. The EC in nitrogen-limited cultures remained constant and in phosphorus-limited cultures increased with the increase of dilution rate. In phosphorus-limited semi-continuous cultures, a direct relationship between EC and MC content was demonstrated. No correlation was observed in nitrogen-limited semi-continuous cultures. Based on the above analysis, a mechanism of nitrogen and phosphorus effect on the MC synthesis was suggested, that the MC synthesis was determined by the combination of necessary enzymes and precursors and EC.     

不同麻醉药物对腹腔镜胆囊切除术后早期认知功能的影响

目的对比分析不同麻醉药物对腹腔镜胆囊切除术后早期认知功能的影响。方法将行腹腔镜胆囊切除术患者94例,按照随机表法分为A组与B组各47例。A组持续吸入2.0%七氟烷,B组持续泵注丙泊酚。比较2组术前、术后1、3 d MMSE评分,定向力恢复时间、拔管时间和睁眼时间变化,入室后、插管后、切除中及拔管时HR和血氧饱和度变化。结果 2组术后1 d MMSE评分较术前降低(P0.05),B组术后3 d MMSE评分较术前降低(P0.05);A组术后1、3 d MMSE评分高于B组(P0.05)。A组定向力恢复时间、拔管时间及睁眼时间快于B组(P0.05)。2组插管后和切除中HR较入室后降低(P0.05),B组拔管时HR较入室后降低(P0.05);A组插管后、切除中和拔管时HR低于同期B组(P0.05)。结论七氟烷可降低腹腔镜胆囊切除术后早期认知功能障碍发生,且对血流动力学影响小。