Mucinous adenocarcinoma arising from chronic perianal fistula

Perianal mucinous adenocarcinoma is a rare tumour which may be associated with long‐standing chronic perianal sepsis. Early diagnosis is challenging and is based on a high index of clinical suspicion and specific histological features. Definitive treatment is surgical, in the form of an abdomino‐perineal resection. We hereby describe a case of a perianal mucinous adenocarcinoma arising from long‐standing recurrent perianal fistula and complement this with a brief review of the literature pertaining in particular to the management of this condition.     

Characteristics of patients with congenital clasped thumb: a prospective study of 40 patients with the results of treatment

Purpose  Congenital clasped thumb is a deformity that is associated with heterogeneous congenital anomalies and it has been addressed in many congenital syndromes. The aim of this study was to diagnose and evaluate cases of clasped thumb as regards the associated congenital anomalies and syndromes, and evaluation of the results of treatment of such cases. Methods  A prospective study on 40 patients with 73 clasped thumbs was done. All the patients’ data regarding their personal, family, pregnancy and developmental histories were recorded. All the patients were exposed to thorough clinical and radiological examination and genetic assessment. The cases were classified using the Tsuyuguchi et al. (J Hand Surg [Am] 10:613–618, 1985) classification into three types. Conservative treatment was adopted in ten hands, and surgical treatment was performed for 28 hands in 17 patients, with an average follow-up of 26 months. Results  Positive consanguinity was recorded in 57.5% of cases. Associated anomalies were recorded in 77.5% of cases. Type I was the most common one, followed by type III and then type II. Conservative treatment is effective in type I cases when presented early, and all patients were satisfied with the results of surgical treatment. Conclusions  We reported associated anomalies which are to our knowledge have not mentioned before in the literature which include; congenital blindness, radial deviation of the index finger and ventricular septal defect. We found that 68% of the patients had associated syndromes, and this has not been mentioned before. In this study, we found that there were no difference between type II and type III clasped thumb as regards the pathological findings, severity, the operative procedures, the treatment protocol and the operative results. Properly planned treatment gives satisfactory results.     

Effects of exercise cessation on lipids and lipoproteins in distance runners and power athletes

Summary The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of short-term exercise cessation on lipid and lipoprotein profile and insulin sensitivity in highly trained runners (n=12; mean age 19.9 years) and power athletes (n=12; mean age 24.4 years). Following 14 days of exercise cessation, running time to exhaustion and maximal oxygen uptake decreased by 9.2% and 4.8% (P < 0.05) in the runners, while in the power athletes one repetition maximum squat and bench press did not change (P>0.05). No changes occurred in body composition. Data from a 2-h oral glucose tolerance test revealed an impairment of the glycemic state in all athletes (P<0.05). In contrast, exercise cessation did not significantly (P>0.05) alter plasma levels of cholesterol, triglycerides, and low density (LDL) and high density lipoprotein (HDL). No changes were observed in HDL₂, HDL_2b, and HDL₃ subfractions, LDL diameter, and qualitative LDL pattern (P>0.05). These data thus suggest that despite a decrease in insulin sensitivity, short-term exercise cessation, independent of exercise mode, was insufficient to alter plasma lipid and lipoprotein profiles in well-trained athletes.     

The occurrence of the tropical bedbug (Cimex hemipterus, fabricius) in poultry barns in Israel

The occurrence of the tropical bedbug (Cimex hemipterus Fabricius) in poultry houses in Israel is described. Despite the heavy infestation serious losses have not been registered and no clinical signs observed. Treatment of the barns and accessories with 2% malathion emulsion gave good results. The parasite invaded human habitations as well.     

Collagen nerve conduits--assessment of biocompatibility and axonal regeneration

Bridging of nerve gaps is still a major problem in peripheral nerve surgery. Alternatively to autologous nerve grafts tissue engineering of peripheral nerves focuses on biocompatible conduits to reconstruct nerves. Such non-neural conduits fail to support regeneration over larger gaps due to lacking viable Schwann cells that promote regeneration by producing growth factors and cell guiding molecules. This problem may be overcome by implantation of cultivated Schwann cells into suitable scaffolds. In the present experiments we tested a collagen type I/III tube as a potential nerve guiding matrix. Revascularization, tolerance and Schwann cell settlement were evaluated by light, fluorescence and scanning electron microscopy after different implantation times. The conduits were completely revascularized between day 5 and 7 post-operatively and well integrated into the host tissue. Implanted Schwann cells adhered, survived and proliferated on the inner surface of the conduits. Nevertheless, bridging a 2 cm gap of the sciatic nerve of adult Wistar rats with these collagen/Schwann cell conduits led to a disappointing regeneration compared to controls with autologous grafts. From these results, we conclude that a sufficient biocompatibility of bioartificial nerve conduits is a necessary prerequisite, however, it remains only one of several parameters important for peripheral nerve regeneration.     

Zuckerkandl's tubercle of the thyroid gland in association with pressure symptoms: a coincidence or consequence?

BACKGROUND: The Zuckerkandl's tubercle (ZT) of the thyroid gland is a well-described anatomical landmark, but few studies have clearly defined its association with pressure symptoms. METHODS: Sixty-six consecutive patients who had primary thyroid surgery were prospectively included in the present study between late January and early August 1998. RESULTS: A total of 96 capsular dissections were performed at thyroid surgery. Grades two and three ZT were recognized in 77 (80.2%) dissections. In general 49 (63.6%) of them were associated with significant pressure symptoms. In 43 (87.8%) of the dissections with pressure symptoms, grade 3 ZT was observed (mean weight of goitre: 154.8 g). Interestingly in this group, 16 (37.2%) patients with pressure symptoms had a goitre that was < 100 g and in one patient it was only 21 g. CONCLUSIONS: The pressure symptom of the thyroid gland does not always appear to be due to the large size of the goitre. In a relatively small-size goitre the ZT may cause significant pressure symptoms. Observations in the present study supported a strong association of enlarged ZT with pressure symptoms. We believe this is unlikely to be simply a coincidence but rather a consequence of the enlarged tubercle. Nonetheless a prospective randomized study is called for to allow meaningful and objective evidence to be drawn.     

A Study on Sustainable Concrete with Partial Substitution of Cement with Red Mud: A Review

Every year, millions of tons of red mud (RDM) are created across the globe. Its storage is a major environmental issue due to its high basicity and tendency for leaching. This material is often kept in dams, necessitating previous attention to the disposal location, as well as monitoring and maintenance during its useful life. As a result, it is critical to develop an industrial solution capable of consuming large quantities of this substance. Many academics have worked for decades to create different cost-effective methods for using RMD. One of the most cost-effective methods is to use RMD in cement manufacture, which is also an effective approach for large-scale RMD recycling. This article gives an overview of the use of RMD in concrete manufacturing. Other researchers’ backgrounds were considered and examined based on fresh characteristics, mechanical properties, durability, microstructure analysis, and environmental impact analysis. The results show that RMD enhanced the mechanical properties and durability of concrete while reducing its fluidity. Furthermore, by integrating 25% of RDM, the environmental consequences of cumulative energy demand (CED), global warming potential (GWP), and major criteria air pollutants (CO, NO_X, Pb, and SO₂) were minimized. In addition, the review assesses future researcher guidelines for concrete with RDM to improve performance.