A comparison of the relationships between psychosocial factors,occupational strain,and work ability among 4 ethnic teacher groups in China

The present study compared the level of occupational strain and work ability among Han, Hui, Uygur, Hui, and Kazakh teachers, and explored ethnic differences based on the associations of psychosocial factors at work, occupational strain, and work ability. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 2,941 teachers in primary and secondary schools in Xinjiang Province, China. Psychosocial factors, occupational strain, and work ability were measured using the Occupation Stress Inventory—Revised Edition (OSI-R) and Work Ability Index. Han and Hui teachers experienced reduced work ability compared with Uygur and Kazakh teachers, and this finding was caused, in part, by exposure to psychosocial factors at work. The vocational and psychological strains caused by these factors play an important role in reduced work ability among all ethnic teacher groups. The findings indicate the importance of taking action to reduce occupational strain for promoting teachers' work ability in multiethnic workplaces.     

罗伊氏乳杆菌对轮状病毒感染肠炎患儿免疫功能与肠道菌群及临床疗效的影响

目的探究罗伊氏乳杆菌DSM 17938在治疗轮状病毒感染肠炎患儿中的疗效及对免疫功能、肠道菌群的影响。方法收集于2018年2月-2019年2月在阳光融和医院进行诊治的轮状病毒感染肠炎患儿126例,随机分为试验组(63例)和对照组(63例)。对照组给予常规补液治疗及蒙脱石散和枯草杆菌二联活菌口服治疗,试验组采用常规补液治疗及蒙脱石散和罗伊氏乳杆菌DSM 17938辅助治疗。观察两组患儿的腹泻改善情况,并分析对免疫功能(IgG、IgA、CD4^+/CD8^+水平)及肠道菌群失调的影响。结果在治疗72 h后,试验组患儿的治疗总有效率为92.06%,高于对照组的74.60%(P=0.009);且治疗后两组患儿的IgG、IgA、CD4^+/CD8^+水平均较治疗前有升高(P<0.05),且试验组水平高于对照组(P<0.05)。对患儿肠道菌群进行分析,在治疗1周后,试验组患儿肠道菌群失调程度低于对照组,且试验组的肠道菌群正常比例高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论罗伊氏乳杆菌DSM 17938对于辅助治疗轮状病毒感染肠炎患儿具有良好的疗效,能够提高患儿免疫力,改善肠道菌群失调,减轻患儿腹泻症状,具有一定的临床应用价值。     

苯扎贝特治疗儿童ApoE Tokyo(Arg25Cys)突变型脂蛋白肾病1例

脂蛋白肾病(Lipoprotein glomerulopathy,LPG),1989年首次由日本学者Saito报道,LPG主要累及肾脏,且以肾小球病变为主[1]。几乎所有患者均有不同程度的蛋白尿,多数表现为肾病综合征,少数表现为轻微蛋白尿和镜下血尿,部分患者伴有不同程度的贫血及高血压,血脂异常易被忽略为肾病综合征的低蛋白血症所致。载脂蛋白E(apolipoprotein E,ApoE)增高是LPG血脂改变的主要特点[2-3]。LPG为一种与脂质代谢紊乱密切相关的肾脏疾病,目前世界范围内有报道的病例不足200例,儿童报道仅10余例[2]。本病进展缓慢,临床常误诊为原发性肾病综合征[4]。因此,为增强对LPG的认识,提高诊治水平,现分析1例确诊的儿童LPG临床资料,总结LPG的临床特点、诊断、治疗及预后。     

Lysophosphatidylcholine‐induced cytotoxicity and protection by heparin in mouse brain bEND.3 endothelial cells

A pathological feature in atherosclerosis is the dysfunction and death of vascular endothelial cells (EC). Oxidized low‐density lipoprotein (LDL), known to accumulate in the atherosclerotic arterial walls, impairs endothelium‐dependent relaxation and causes EC apoptosis. A major bioactive ingredient of the oxidized LDL is lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC), which at higher concentrations causes apoptosis and necrosis in various EC. There is hitherto no report on LPC‐induced cytotoxicity in brain EC. In this work, we found that LPC caused cytosolic Ca²⁺ overload, mitochondrial membrane potential decrease, p38 activation, caspase 3 activation and eventually apoptotic death in mouse cerebral bEND.3 EC. In contrast to reported reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation by LPC in other EC, LPC did not trigger ROS formation in bEND.3 cells. Pharmacological inhibition of p38 alleviated LPC‐inflicted cell death. We examined whether heparin could be cytoprotective: although it could not suppress LPC‐triggered Ca²⁺ signal, p38 activation and mitochondrial membrane potential drop, it did suppress LPC‐induced caspase 3 activation and alleviate LPC‐inflicted cytotoxicity. Our data suggest LPC apoptotic death mechanisms in bEND.3 might involve mitochondrial membrane potential decrease and p38 activation. Heparin is protective against LPC cytotoxicity and might intervene steps between mitochondrial membrane potential drop/p38 activation and caspase 3 activation.     

北京地方志医学资料挖掘浅析

地方志作为"地方性的百科全书",因其全面性而往往为专业研究如医学研究所忽略,而其中却不乏丰富的医学资料。通过对北京地方志中的医学资料进行挖掘,发现涉及太医院、官办医药机构、社会福利机构、医家、流行病、土产药物、药王庙等内容,并对相关文献进行分析,以展现北京地方志医学资料情况,为后期进一步研究奠定基础。     

冰微粒致孔制备聚羟基丁酸酯(PHB)多孔支架

目的以冰粒子为致孔剂,用粒子滤出—冷冻干燥复合工艺制备PHB多孔支架。方法本实验以氯仿为溶剂,将PHB溶液浇入预先排列好的冰微粒空隙中,采用真空渗流方法制备冰微料-PHB复合体,液氮冷却成型后,用粒子滤出—冷冻干燥复合工艺制备多孔支架。通过扫描电镜(SEM)观测,研究该制备工艺对支架形貌的影响。结果制备的块状三维多孔支架孔径可调、孔隙结构良好、孔隙连通度高。结论本文工艺所制备的多孔支架无致孔剂残留,孔隙率高,孔隙连通度高,制备过程不会损害材料的生物相容性,可安全地用于组织工程可降解聚合物多孔支架的制备。     

还原型谷胱甘肽联合甘草酸二铵对腹部开放伤后海水浸泡犬肝功能损伤的治疗作用

Objective To investigate effect of reduced glutathione and diammonium glycyrrhizinate on the treatment of hepatic damage in experimental dogs following open abdominal injuries coupled with seawater immersion. Methods Twenty-four dogs with open abdominal injuries were randomly divided into 3 groups: the control group (given with simple observation after 1.5 h seawater immersion); the routine treatment group (given routine care and fluid transfusion after 1.5 h seawater immersion) ; the hepatic treatment group (given routine are, fluid transfusion and hepatic treatment as well, after 1.5 h seawater immersion). Each group consisted of 8 dogs. Blood samples were taken at different time points to measure total bilirubin (TB), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), prothromin time (PT), endotoxin, tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and pathological examination was also made at the same time. Results For the control group, contents of TB, ALT, AST and LDH increased significantly and survival time was less than 24 hours. Contents of TB, ALT, AST and LDH of the routine treatment group also increased significantly, but survival time of all the experimental animals was mere than 24 hours. Reduced glutathione and diammonium glycyrrhizinate could reduce the extent of lesion quite significantly 12～24 hours following open abdominal injuries. Conclusions Reduced glutathione and diammonium glycyrrhizinate seemed to have good effects on the treatment and prevention against hepatic damage induced by trauma coupled with seawater immersion. It could be used as a primary means for the treatment of such kind of hepatic damage.