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排序方式: 共有173条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Byron H Hartman Toshinori Hayashi Branden R Nelson Olivia Bermingham-McDonogh Thomas A Reh 《Developmental dynamics》2007,236(10):2875-2883
Notch mediates the process of lateral inhibition that controls the production of hair cells in the inner ear. Hair cells are known to express Notch ligands Dll1 and Jag2, which signal through Notch1 in adjacent supporting cells. However, recent genetic and pharmacological studies indicate that the level of Notch-mediated lateral inhibition is greater than can be accounted for by Dll1 and Jag2. Here, we report that another Notch ligand, Dll3, is expressed in developing hair cells, in a pattern that overlaps that of Dll1 and Jag2. We analyzed the cochleae of Dll3(pu) mutant mice, but did not detect any abnormalities. However, earlier studies have demonstrated that there is functional redundancy among Notch ligands in cochlear development and loss of one ligand can be at least partially compensated for by another. Thus Dll3 may play a role in lateral inhibition similar to that of Dll1 and Jag2. 相似文献
2.
Van den Branden C Ceyssens B De Craemer D Pauwels M Vanden Houte K De Bleser P Hellemans K Geerts A Verbeelen D 《Nephron》2000,86(2):167-175
Excessive generation of reactive oxygen intermediates can induce changes in the cellular antioxidant defence system. In this study we examine the antioxidant enzyme status and the expression of fibrosis-related marker proteins in the Adriamycin model of chronic renal failure in the rat. Twenty weeks after Adriamycin treatment, rats have overt nephrotic syndrome and renal failure with development of tubulo-interstitial fibrosis and glomerulosclerosis. Lipids accumulate in blood and in both glomeruli and tubulo-interstitial tissue. Desmin and alpha-smooth muscle actin expression increases in glomeruli and in the tubulo-interstitial area. Renal cortex antioxidant enzyme activities are decreased 20 weeks after Adriamycin injection (to 41% for catalase, to 56% for total superoxide dismutase and to 69% for glutathione peroxidase). The mRNA levels of catalase, Cu/Zn-superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase-1 evaluated by Northern blot are decreased by more than 50% for catalase, Cu/Zn-superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase-1. We conclude that in the rat Adriamycin-induced model of chronic renal failure with fibrosis, the combination of decreased antioxidant enzyme status in renal cortex with high concentrations of lipids in blood and renal tissue facilitates oxidative damage. Development of fibrosis is paralleled by increased expression of desmin and alpha-smooth muscle actin. 相似文献
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Branden Reid Matthew Gibson Anirudha Singh Janis Taube Cecilia Furlong Melissa Murcia Jennifer Elisseeff 《Journal of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine》2015,9(3):315-318
Poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)‐based hydrogels are extensively used in a variety of biomedical applications, due to ease of synthesis and tissue‐like properties. Recently there have been varied reports regarding PEG hydrogel's degradation kinetics and in vivo host response. In particular, these studies suggest that the surrounding tissue environment could play a critical role in defining the inflammatory response and degradation kinetics of PEG implants. In the present study we demonstrated a potential mechanism of PEG hydrogel degradation, and in addition we show potential evidence of the role of the surrounding tissue environment on producing variable inflammatory responses. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
6.
Mike O. Karl Susan Hayes Branden R. Nelson Kristine Tan Brian Buckingham Thomas A. Reh 《Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America》2008,105(49):19508-19513
Müller glia can serve as a source of new neurons after retinal damage in both fish and birds. Investigations of regeneration in the mammalian retina in vitro have provided some evidence that Müller glia can proliferate after retinal damage and generate new rods; however, the evidence that this occurs in vivo is not conclusive. We have investigated whether Müller glia have the potential to generate neurons in the mouse retina in vivo by eliminating ganglion and amacrine cells with intraocular NMDA injections and stimulating Müller glial to re-enter the mitotic cycle by treatment with specific growth factors. The proliferating Müller glia dedifferentiate and a subset of these cells differentiated into amacrine cells, as defined by the expression of amacrine cell-specific markers Calretinin, NeuN, Prox1, and GAD67-GFP. These results show for the first time that the mammalian retina has the potential to regenerate inner retinal neurons in vivo. 相似文献
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Ever since the start of the twentieth century, a growing interest and importance of studying fatwas can be noted, with a focus
on Arabic printed fatwas (Wokoeck 2009). The scholarly study of end-of-life ethics in these fatwas is a very recent feature, taking a first start in the 1980s (Anees
1984; Rispler-Chaim 1993). Since the past two decades, we have witnessed the emergence of a multitude of English fatwas that can easily be consulted
through the Internet (‘e-fatwas’), providing Muslims worldwide with a form of Islamic normative guidance on a huge variety
of topics. Although English online fatwas do provide guidance for Muslims and Muslim minorities worldwide on a myriad of topics
including end-of-life issues, they have hardly been studied. This study analyses Islamic views on (non-)voluntary euthanasia
and assisted suicide as expressed in English Sunni fatwas published on independent—i.e. not created by established organisations—Islamic
websites. We use Tyan’s definition of a fatwa to distinguish between fatwas and other types of texts offering Islamic guidance
through the Internet. The study of e-fatwas is framed in the context of Bunt’s typology of Cyber Islamic Environments (Bunt
2009) and in the framework of Roy’s view on the virtual umma (Roy 2002). ‘(Non-)voluntary euthanasia and assisted suicide’ are defined using Broeckaert’s conceptual framework on treatment decisions
at the end of life (Broeckaert 2008). We analysed 32 English Sunni e-fatwas. All of the e-fatwas discussed here firmly speak out against every form of active
termination of life. They often bear the same structure, basing themselves solely on Quranic verses and prophetic traditions,
leaving aside classical jurisprudential discussions on the subject. In this respect they share the characteristics central
in Roy’s typology of the fatwa in the virtual umma. On the level of content, they are in line with the international literature on Islamic end-of-life ethics. English Sunni
e-fatwas make up an influential and therefore important developing body of Islamic orthodox normative authority on end-of-life
ethics that is still open for further research. 相似文献
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Chronic renal failure evolves inevitable towards glomerular and tubulo-interstitial sclerosis. This pathological process involves a disturbed redox status of the kidney tissue, leading to irreversible damage. In this study we investigate in an adriamycin model of chronic renal failure in mice the evolution of in vivo hydrogen peroxide production, and the possible role of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase and ferric iron in the process. Histological changes and ferric iron deposits are evaluated by histochemical staining. To evaluate oxidative stress residual catalase activity, TBARS formation and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase activity are measured spectrophotometrically. While catalase activity remains the same, a decreased residual catalase activity indicates an increased formation of hydrogen peroxide. Both the activity of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase and TBARS formation is increased at early stages of the disease. Ferric iron is clearly present in the proximal tubule. Twenty days after adriamycin injection all parameters decrease, probably due to the destruction of the tissue. Our data show the involvement of oxidative stress in the progression of adriamycin induced renal failure in mice. Both radical production and oxidative damage are measurable, while the altered activity of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase and the deposition of ferric iron suggest the involvement of these factors in the development of a disturbed redox status in the kidney cortex. 相似文献