肾功能损伤分级系统在成人心脏术后的应用

Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate of adilty of two acute renal failure-specific scoring systenms (the classification by Bellome et al and the AKIN criteria) for predicting hospital mortality after cardiac surgery in adult patients. Methods Between October 1 st 2006 to Decemjber 31 st 2006, 509 adult patients who ungerwent coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) and/ or valve operation were enrolled in this study. The medical data collection included gender, age, types of operation, perioperative he- modynamic parameters, urine output, biochemical parameters and outcome. Renal function was assessed daily according to the classi- ficatinn by Bellomo and the AKIN criteria, respectively. As references, Acure Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation(APACHE) Ⅱ and Sepsis-related Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score were also calculated. Resuits Three hundred and forty-one patients were male (67.0%), and 168 were female (33.0%), mean age was (56.2±12.0) years old. Tnree hundred and nine patieats un- derwent CABG, 182 underwent valve operation and 18 underwent CABG plus valve operation, Mean duration of ventilation support was (20.4±17.7) houra, and the ICU stay was (1.4±1.0) days. Postoperative hospital stay was (13.8±9.1) days. According to the classification by Bellomo., the highest in-hospital mortality was 52.9% in ARFS group. Mahiplicatinn of in-hospital morality rate was abserved (X2 for trend, P<0.01) in 0.4% (non-ARF), 1.2% (stage 1), 12.0% (stal～ 2) and 32.4% (stage 3) of pa- tients based on the AKIN criteria. By applying the area under the receiver operating characteristic ourve, the classification by Bellomo and the AKIN criteria had good discriminative power. Furthering, multivariate logistic regression analysis verified that the Odds Ratio of the AKIN criteria was 5.478 (P =0.028, 95% Confidence Interval 1.027- 24.856), after adjusting for gender and age. Con- clusion Analytical data confinned good discriminative power of both the AKIN criteria and the classification by Bellomo for predicting hospital mortality of adult postoperative patient with ARF.     

肾功能损伤分级系统在成人心脏术后的应用

Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate of adilty of two acute renal failure-specific scoring systenms (the classification by Bellome et al and the AKIN criteria) for predicting hospital mortality after cardiac surgery in adult patients. Methods Between October 1 st 2006 to Decemjber 31 st 2006, 509 adult patients who ungerwent coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) and/ or valve operation were enrolled in this study. The medical data collection included gender, age, types of operation, perioperative he- modynamic parameters, urine output, biochemical parameters and outcome. Renal function was assessed daily according to the classi- ficatinn by Bellomo and the AKIN criteria, respectively. As references, Acure Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation(APACHE) Ⅱ and Sepsis-related Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score were also calculated. Resuits Three hundred and forty-one patients were male (67.0%), and 168 were female (33.0%), mean age was (56.2±12.0) years old. Tnree hundred and nine patieats un- derwent CABG, 182 underwent valve operation and 18 underwent CABG plus valve operation, Mean duration of ventilation support was (20.4±17.7) houra, and the ICU stay was (1.4±1.0) days. Postoperative hospital stay was (13.8±9.1) days. According to the classification by Bellomo., the highest in-hospital mortality was 52.9% in ARFS group. Mahiplicatinn of in-hospital morality rate was abserved (X2 for trend, P<0.01) in 0.4% (non-ARF), 1.2% (stage 1), 12.0% (stal～ 2) and 32.4% (stage 3) of pa- tients based on the AKIN criteria. By applying the area under the receiver operating characteristic ourve, the classification by Bellomo and the AKIN criteria had good discriminative power. Furthering, multivariate logistic regression analysis verified that the Odds Ratio of the AKIN criteria was 5.478 (P =0.028, 95% Confidence Interval 1.027- 24.856), after adjusting for gender and age. Con- clusion Analytical data confinned good discriminative power of both the AKIN criteria and the classification by Bellomo for predicting hospital mortality of adult postoperative patient with ARF.     

肾功能分级在成人心脏术后肾功能衰竭的应用

Objective To evaluate the ability of the RIFLE classification to predict hospital mortality in adult patients who underwent cardiac surgery. Methods From October Ist 2006 to December 31st 2006, five hundred and nine adult patients who underwent coronary artery bypass grafting and/or valve operation were enrolled in this study. Renal function was assessed daily according to the RIFLE classification, meanwhile, APACHE Ⅱ score and SOFA score were also evaluated, as well as the maximum scores were recorded. Results Mean duration of ventilation support was 18(14 - 19) hours, the time of ICU stay was 1.4 ± 1.0 days, and the time of postoperative hospital stay was 12. 0(10.0- 15.0) days. 167 patients (32. 8%) incurred postoperative ARF according to the RIFLE classification. The overall mortality was 4. 3% (22/502). A significant increase (P < 0. 01) was observed for mortality based on RIFLE classification. By applying the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, the RIFLE classification had more powerful discrimination power [0. 933, (95% CI 0. 872 -0. 995) ,P <0. 001]. Conclusions ARF is one of the major complications in postcardiotomy patients. Analytical data suggested the good discriminative power of the RIFLE classification for predicting inpatient mortality of adult postoperative patient with ARF, and the RIFLE classification is simple and practically performed. According to the RIFLE classification, patients with RIFLE class I or class F incur a significantly increased risk of in-hospital mortality compared with those who never develop ARF.     

白细胞和单核细胞计数与急性心肌梗死临床预后的关系

目的 :探讨急性心肌梗死 (AMI)患者急性期白细胞计数与临床预后的关系。方法 :选择确诊为AMI的患者 16 2例 ,分别于入院即刻和发病后第 1、3、7d测定白细胞和单核细胞计数。于发病 2周行超声心动图检查 ,测量左室射血分数 (LVEF)并记录入院期间心脏事件情况。结果 :1.白细胞增高者LVEF明显低于白细胞正常者。 2 .单核细胞增高者CK、CK MB峰值、心律失常和心力衰竭发生率明显增高。结论 :白细胞和单核细胞计数均与临床预后有关 ,而单核细胞增高是判断AMI近期预后的更好指标     

心脏术后体外膜肺氧合支持患者下呼吸道感染分析

目的分析心脏手术后应用ECMO支持治疗患者的下呼吸道感染病原菌分布及耐药情况。方法收集、分析我院2006年1月至2010年10月应用ECMO辅助治疗患者的下呼吸道感染资料。结果共分离出阳性菌116株,其中革兰氏阴性菌占65.5%,以鲍曼不动杆菌、铜绿假单胞菌和阴沟肠杆菌居多,显示多药耐药。革兰氏阳性菌占22.4%,包括金黄色葡萄球菌、表皮葡萄球菌和溶血葡萄球菌等,对万古霉素较为敏感。真菌占12.1%,主要有白色假丝酵母菌和光滑球拟假丝酵母菌等,对氟康唑、5-氟胞嘧啶等敏感性较高。结论心脏手术后ECMO支持治疗的患者下呼吸道感染发病率高,应严格无菌操作,合理使用抗生素,以降低病死率。     

肺炎1号方的组方思路及理论创新

认为广东地区新型冠状病毒肺炎(简称"新冠肺炎")是以热毒为基本属性的疫疠之气所致,从发病季节及病邪性质看,可归属于温邪为主的疫疠范畴,可称之为"风温""温热疫".基于对广东地区新冠肺炎病因、病机的认识,分析肺炎1号方的组方思路与在清热解毒、透邪清宣及止咳化痰的同时使用益气养阴的理论创新点,为积极开展中医药救治新冠肺炎及...     

心脏手术后急性肾损伤

<正>急性肾衰竭(acute renal failure,ARF)是一个临床常见的危重病症。近年的研究显示住院患者肾功能轻度受损即可导致发病率及病死率增加,所以国际肾脏病和急救医学界倾向将急性肾衰竭改称为急性肾损伤(acute kidney injury,AKI)。提出AKI这一概念的目的是在肾小球滤过率     

主动脉内球囊反搏在老年冠状动脉移植术中的应用

目的:评价主动脉内球囊反搏在老年冠状动脉移植术中的应用。方法:回顾性分析2006年5月至2009年2月在我院行冠状动脉移植手术应用主动脉内球囊反搏(IABP)辅助的老年(≥65岁)患者资料。其中男性77例,女性34例,平均年龄(69.9±3.8)岁。结果:所有患者中非体外循环冠状动脉移植术79例,体外循环冠状动脉移植术32例。IABP术前放置32例(28.82%),术中/术后放置79例(71.17%),主要并发症有:急性肾功能损伤(45.05%),感染(35.14%)和二次气管插管(12.61%)等。术后住院死亡30例,病死率27%。术前置入IABP的患者病死率(15.63%)明显低于术中或术后置入IABP的患者病死率(31.65%,P=0.004)。患者置入IABP时间不同,其术后是否二次气管插管、是否发生急性肾功能损伤差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。多因素回归分析二次气管插管(OR=165.850,95%CI7.110～386.557,P=0.001)、感染(OR=20.911,95%CI2.940～148.710,P=0.002)和急性肾功能损伤(OR=12.557,95%CI2.935～53.716,P=0.001)是住院死亡的独立危险因素。结论:对于行冠状动脉移植术的老年患者,IABP是安全且行之有效的辅助循环手段之一,在本组研究中,术前放置IABP组患者的病死率显著低于术中/术后放置IABP组患者的病死率,故应积极预防和控制围术期并发症的发生,以降低患者的病死率。     

我国冠状动脉旁路移植术住院死亡预测模型研究及欧洲心血管手术危险评分系统效能检验

目的:分析并初步建立我国冠状动脉旁路移植术(coronary artery bypass grafting,CABG)风险预测模型,并与欧洲心血管手术危险因素评分系统即EuroSCORE及EuroSCORE对数回归模型对比。方法:回顾性分析2006年1月1日至2007年6月30日,北京安贞医院心脏外科行CABG手术或CABG合并手术的1637例患者资料。收集影响手术死亡的42个术前危险因素,经过单因素与多因素Logistic回归分析确立独立危险因素,并据此初步建立CABG手术死亡危险评估模型,再对模型进行分辨度、校准度检验,并与EuroSCORE及EuroSCORE对数回归模型进行对比研究。结果:全组患者年龄(61.9±9.7)岁,实际病死率4.03%(66/1637),CABG合并手术3.85%(63/1637),多因素Logistic回归分析结果:慢性肺部疾病、外周血管疾病、急性心肌梗死、既往介入治疗(PTCA、溶栓或支架)、心源性休克、主动脉瓣反流及二尖瓣反流为CABG手术死亡的独立危险因素。据此建立CABG手术死亡危险评估模型。并与EuroSCORE及EuroSCORE对数回归模型进行对比研究。受试者工作特征(Receiver-OperatingCharacteristic,ROC)曲线下面积:新建立风险模型(0.83)EuroSCORE对数回归模型(0.82)EuroSCORE模型(0.81),Hosmer-Lemeshowχ2检验新模型P=0.225,P0.05,即预计病死率与实际观测病死率差异无统计学意义;而其他2种模型P0.05。结论:慢性肺部疾病、外周血管疾病、急性心肌梗死、既往介入治疗(PTCA、溶栓或支架)、心源性休克、主动脉瓣反流及二尖瓣反流等7个因素为CABG手术死亡的独立危险因素。据此建立的CABG手术死亡危险评估模型具有良好的分辨度和校准度。     

心脏外科监护病房革兰阴性杆菌感染监测

目的了解医院心脏外科重症监护病房（ICU）革兰阴性杆菌感染情况。方法回顾医院ICU2000年1月--2005年12月，感染患者各种标本分离到的革兰阴性杆菌的药敏结果。结果共分离出革兰阴性杆菌349株，大多数感染源于呼吸道（308株，88％），前4位革兰阴性致病菌为不动杆菌属、铜绿假单胞菌、肺炎克雷伯菌、嗜麦芽寡养单胞菌，药敏结果显示碳青酶烯类抗菌药物、头孢哌酮／舒巴坦、头孢吡肟保持较高抗菌活性。结论医院ICU革兰阴性致病菌呈现多重耐药，嗜麦芽寡养单胞菌以及ESBLs阳性的肺炎克雷伯菌感染不容忽视。