载瘤动脉闭塞术治疗颅内巨大动脉瘤的探讨

目的总结和探讨脑血管造影和载瘤动脉闭塞在治疗颅内巨大动脉瘤上的作用及特点。方法60例颅内巨大动脉瘤患者,根据其脑血管造影的特点采取血管内介入方法[可脱式球囊和(或)弹簧圈]闭塞载瘤动脉近端53例、闭塞载瘤动脉两端后孤立动脉瘤7例;其中23例闭塞前先行颅内-外血管搭桥术。结果出院时Rankin评分分级:单纯血管内介入治疗组37例中轻残3例,合并颅内-外血管搭桥术组23例中死亡1例、重残2例。1-6年的影像学随访动脉瘤无复发。结论血管内介入结合颅内-外血管搭桥术闭塞载瘤动脉是治疗颅内巨大动脉瘤的方法之一。     

定向射频毁损脑组织的生物学研究

用射频仪在不同温度、不同时间下对蛋清凝固和犬脑组织毁损灶进行光镜和电镜观察。结果表明，４３℃、１２０ｓ时即有对细胞产生不可逆损伤，脑组织坏死区与健康组织区的界限非常明确，且随温度和时间的变化而变化，通过统计学分析的方法，得到脑组织的受损范围与射频毁损所采用的最适温度和时间的对应关系的数学模型，提供给功能性神经外科中常用核团毁损所需的最适当温度和时间。     

动脉瘤模型栓塞前后血流动力学对比研究

目的 评价动脉瘤模型行腔内微弹簧圈栓塞前后血流动力学的改变，用以判断疗效。方法 运用改进的显微外科技术建立犬颈总动脉（CCA）动脉瘤模型22个，其中侧壁型12个，分叉部4个，末端型6个。术后7～14d行彩色多普勒超声、经颅多普勒（TCD）、数字减影动脉血管造影（IADSA）及经微导管动脉瘤内测压，然后以微弹簧圈紧密填塞动脉瘤腔，栓塞后重复进行上述检查，比较栓塞前后血流动力学变化。结果 所建模型均获成功。实验证实，动脉瘤微弹簧圈栓塞前后其血流动力学参数的差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。结论 实验所建动物模型是研究动脉瘤血管内栓塞治疗的理想方法；动脉瘤微弹簧圈栓塞后，能减低、改变或消除载瘤动脉及动脉瘤内异常血流动力学状态，终止动脉瘤行为，防止动脉瘤扩大和破裂。     

胎脑组织移植对额叶皮质损伤后基底前脑胆碱能神经元变性的影响

目的：观察胎脑组织移植对额叶皮质损伤后大鼠基底前脑胆碱能神经元变性的影响。方法：用外科手术破坏大鼠双侧额叶皮质8d后，将胎脑组织移植到预制脑创腔内。3个月后，用Y型迷宫检测动物的学习、记忆机能，用组织化学方法检测基底前脑含乙酰胆碱脂酶（AChE)活性神经元，并与对照组比较。结果：双侧额叶皮质损伤后动物的学习、记忆能力明显下降，基底前脑胆碱能神经元明显减少，与正常组比较，差异有显著性（P＜0．05）和差异有极显著性（P＜0．01）。胎脑组织移植后3个月，双侧额叶皮质受损动物的学习、记忆机能明显改善，基底前脑胆碱能神经元数量明显增加，与对照组比较，差异有性（P＜0．05）。结论：胎脑组织移植可有效地预防双侧额叶皮质受损大鼠的学习、记忆机能的下降和基底前脑胆碱能神经元数量的减少。     

钨丝微弹簧圈血管内栓塞36例外伤性颈内动脉海绵窦瘘

目的　探讨钨丝微弹簧圈栓塞治疗外伤性颈内动脉海绵窦瘘的可行性。方法　采用自制钨丝微弹簧圈经动脉途径栓塞治疗 ３６ 例外伤性颈内动脉海绵窦瘘。结果　所有病例全部一次栓塞成功,临床治愈率为 １００％ ,患侧颈内动脉通畅率为 ８８．９％ ,无严重神经系统并发症发生。随访 ３ 个月～３年,未见瘘口复发。结论　钨丝微弹簧圈栓塞治疗外伤性颈内动脉海绵窦瘘是一种有效的方法。     

以中枢神经系统症状为首发表现的前列腺癌脑转移１例

前列腺癌主要侵犯骨盆淋巴结及躯干骨，少有脑转移，更罕见转移至桥小脑角区，并以脑部症状首发的病 例。本文报道一前列腺癌罕见桥小脑角区转移病例，患者以头晕伴右侧耳鸣及右侧面瘫为首发症状，未诉前列腺疾 病史，术前颅脑 ＭＲＩ检查发现右侧桥小脑角区占位性病变，听神经瘤可能，患者于全麻下行右侧乙状窦后入路桥小 脑角肿瘤切除术，术后病理回报示前列腺癌转移，后续行前列腺 ＭＲＩ及前列腺穿刺活检证实前列腺原发灶。患者后 续先后于泌尿外科及放疗科行内分泌及放射治疗，生存期至初发病后 １８个月。本例患者无泌尿生殖系症状，且以听 面神经缺失症状为首发，与此部位高发的神经鞘瘤难以鉴别，极易误诊，较为特殊且罕见。     

鞍区肿瘤的术后并发症及防治

目的总结鞍区肿瘤手术后并发症的原因及防治方法。方法对79例鞍区肿瘤患者的临床资料进行分析。结果79例中,发生各种并发症17例,发生率21.5%,其中视力(野)障碍5例占6.32%,康复3例;体温调节障碍2例占2.53%,康复2例;尿崩症3例占3.79%,康复3例;电解质紊乱3例,占3.79%,康复3例;其他4例占5.06%,康复4例。结论提高手术操作技巧、注意术中保护、避免损伤、及时治疗是防治鞍区肿瘤术后并发症的关键。     

血管内栓塞与手术夹闭治疗前或后交通动脉破裂动脉瘤的效果和成本比较

目的 比较手术夹闭与血管内介入治疗两种术式用于前、后交通动脉动脉瘤治疗的效果和成本,并进行成本效益分析.方法 采用回顾性队列研究分析2002年至2006年期间华山医院收治的接受手术夹闭或介入治疗的前、后交通动脉动脉瘤患者治疗转归和花费等资料.结果 共纳入302例患者,其中手术夹闭组150例[男性65例,年龄(48.11±9.94)岁],介入治疗组152例[男性75例,年龄(52.56±11.09)岁],前组年龄低于后组(t=-3.670,P=0.000).两组患者术前临床情况,如动脉瘤位置、术前Hunt-Hess分级无显著差异.介入治疗组转归良好率显著高于手术夹闭组(84.87%对74.67%,χ2=4.875,P=0.027).手术夹闭组院内病死率(5.33%对3.94%,χ2=0.328,P=0.567)和并发症发生率(26.67%对19.74%,χ2=2.036,P=0.154))与介入治疗组无显著差异,但手术夹闭组术中动脉瘤破裂(10.67%对3.95%,χ2=5.047,P=0.028)和术后颅内感染发生率(6/144对0/152,χ2=6.203,P=0.014)高于介入治疗组.介入治疗组住院日显著短于手术夹闭组[(10.0±7.0)d对(23.0±11.0)d,Z=-10.35,P＜0.001].介入治疗组治疗成本中位数为95 327.63元,四分位间距为26 312.98元;显著高于手术夹闭组(中位数3 0 072.01元,四分位间距11 178.54元)(Z=-14.449,P＜0.001).与手术夹闭相比,介入治疗组mRS评分增高0.10分的成本约为66 438元,手术夹闭更具成本效益.结论 介入治疗前、后交通动脉动脉瘤的效果优于手术夹闭,病死率和总的并发症发生率与手术夹闭相当,住院时间更短,但治疗费用较高,从经济学考虑,手术夹闭更具成本效益.

Abstract：

Objective To compare the efficacy and cost of surgical clipping and endovascular embolization in the treatment of anterior and posterior communicating artery aneurysm and to conduct cost-effectiveness analysis. Methods The data of treatment outcomes and costs in patients with anterior or posterior communicating artery aneurysms admitted to Huashan hospital from 2002 to 2006 were analyzed using a retrospective cohort study. Results A total of 302 patients were included in the study. They were divided into surgical clipping group (n = 150; 65 males, age [48. 11 ±9. 94] years), interventional treatment group (n = 152;75 males, age [52. 56 ± 11. 09] year). The age of the former was lower than that of the latter (t = -3. 670, P =0. 000). There was no significant difference in preoperative clinical conditions (such as location of aneurysms and Hunt-Hess grade) between the two groups. The good outcome rate in the interventional treatment group was significantly higher than that in the surgical clipping group (84. 87% vs. 74. 67%, χ2 = 4. 875, P = 0. 027). There was no significant difference in hospital mortality (5. 33% vs. 3. 94%,χ2 =0. 328, P =0. 567) and complication rate (26.67% vs. 19. 74% , χ2 =2.036, P =0.154) between the surgical clipping group and the interventional treatment group, but the intraoperative aneurysm rupture (10. 67% vs. 3. 95%, χ2 =5.047, P =0.028) and the incidence of postoperative intracranial infection (6/144 vs. 0/152, χ2 = 6.203, P =0.014) in the surgical clipping group were higher than those in the interventional treatment group. The length of hospital stay in the interventional treatment group was significantly shorter than that in the surgical clipping group ([10. 0 ± 7. 0] dvs. [23.0 ± 11. 0] d, Z = -10. 35, P ＜0.001). The median cost of treatment was 95 327.63 %,yuan in the interventional treatment group, and the interquartile range (IQR) was 26 312. 98 yuan; it was significantly higher than the surgical clipping group (median 30 072. 01 yuan, IQR 11 178. 54 yuan) (Z = -14.449, P＜0.001). Compared with the surgical clipping group, while the mRS score improved in the interventional treatment group 0. 10, the cost was about 66 438 yuan, so that the surgical clipping was more cost-effective. Conclusions The efficacy of the intervention treatment of anterior and posterior communicating artery aneurysms is better than that of the surgical clipping The mortality and total complication rate are almost the same with the surgical clipping Thehospital stay is shorter, but the cost of treatment is higher. From an economic point of view, the surgical clipping is more cost-effective.     

后颅窝肿瘤术后脑脊液漏防治分析

目的探讨后颅窝肿瘤手术后并发切口脑脊液漏的防治。方法对26例后颅窝肿瘤手术后并发脑脊液漏的患者进行保守或手术治疗。结果26例患者均治愈,其中21例经保守治疗治愈,5例经手术治愈;脑脊液漏愈合时间平均为8d。结论后颅窝肿瘤手术后出现的切口脑脊液漏,大多数可经保守治疗愈合,如无效需行手术修补。     

Chiari畸形颅后窝减压术后并发脑脊液漏1例

1病例资料 29岁男性,因头痛、头晕伴双手感觉障碍1周入院.头颈部MRI检查示Chiari畸形合并脊髓空洞,行小脑扁桃体部分切除+硬膜扩大修复术,严密缝合后,留置皮下引流管.术后2d拔除皮下引流管,术后4 d发现切口愈合不良(图1A),予以清洁换药+生长因子凝胶涂抹促进生长,并行腰大池持续引流,效果不佳.随后切口出现脑...