七氟醚预处理联合后处理对大鼠心肌缺血再灌注时血栓素A2和前列腺素I2的影响

Objective To investigate the effect of sevoflurane preconditioning-postconditioning on thromboxane A2 and prostaglandin I2 during myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) in rats. Methods Fifty healthy male Wistar rats weighing 250-280 g were randomly divided into 5 groups (n = 10 each) : sham operation group (group S) , I/R group, sevoflurane preconditioning group (group Spr), sevoflurane postconditioning group (group Spo)and combination of sevoflurane preconditioning and postconditioning group (group Spr + po). Myocardial I/R was produced by occlusion of anterior descending branch of left coronary artery for 30 min followed by 2 h reperfusion in anesthetized rats. In group S the anterior descending branch was only exposed but not ligated. Group Spr received 15 min inhalation of 2.5 % sevoflurane and 15 min wash-out 30 min before ischemia. Group Spo received 5 min inhalation of 2.5% sevoflurane 1 min before reperfusion. Arterial blood samples were taken at 2 h of reperfusion for determination of the levels of MB isoenzyme of creatine kinase (CK-MB) , lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) , cardiac troponin I (cTnI), thromboxane B2(TXB2), and 6-keto-prostaglandin (6-keto-PGF1α) and platelet maximum aggregation rate. TXB2/6-keto-PGF1α ratio was calculated. The myocardial tissues were taken for microscopic examination. Mitochondria] injury was assessed by using Flameng score and stereology (Specific surface, δ and Numerical density on area, NA) .Results Compared with group S, the levels of CK-MB, LDH, cTnI, TXE2 and 6-ketoPGF1α, TXB2/6-keto-PGF1α ratio, platelet maximum aggregation rate and Flameng score were significantly increased, while δ and NA were significantly decreased in group I/R (P < 0.05 or 0.01) . The levels of CK-MB,LDH and cTnI, TXB2/6-keto-PGF1α ratio and Flameng score were significantly lower, and 6-keto-PGF1α level, δand NA were significantly higher in Spr and Spo groups than in group I/R ( P < 0.05 or 0.01) . The levels of CKMB, LDH, cTnI and TXB2 , TXB2/6-keto-PGF1α ratio, platelet maximum aggregation rate and Flameng score were significantly lower and 6-keto-PGF1α level,δ and NA were significantly higher in group Spr + po than in Spr and Spo groups(P < 0.05). Conclusion Sevoflurane preconditioning-postconditioning can reduce myocardial I/R injury through inhibiting the release of thromboxane A2 and promoting the release of prostaglandin I2 in rats.     

Gilbert综合征1例

Gilbert综合征为一种先天性胆红素代谢障碍疾病,最早由Gilbert和Lereboullet于1901年报道,在西欧和北美白种人中发病率为5%~7%,国内尚无确切发病率报道。作者于临床工作中诊断资料完整者1例,现报道如下。1临床资料患者,男,26岁,主因右季肋部疼痛半年,加重1个月入院。于半年前患     

七氟醚后处理对大鼠心肌缺血再灌注时细胞凋亡的影响

目的 评价七氟醚后处理对大鼠心肌缺血再灌注时心肌细胞凋亡的影响.方法 健康雄性Wistar大鼠45只,体重250～ 280 g,采用随机数字表法,将大鼠随机分为3组(n=15):假手术组(S组)、心肌缺血再灌注组(I/R组)和七氟醚后处理组(Spo组).I/R组和Spo组采用结扎左冠状动脉前降支30 min时进行再灌注120 min的方法制备心肌缺血再灌注损伤模型,S组仅在左冠状动脉前降支下穿线.Spo组进行七氟醚后处理,于再灌注前1 min时吸八七氟醚,呼气末浓度2.5％,持续5min.于再灌注120 min时取左室心肌组织,测定缺血危险区和梗死区体积,计算缺血危险区和梗死区体积百分比.取左室缺血危险区心肌组织,测定心肌细胞凋亡指数,测定凋亡相关蛋白Bcl-2和Bax的蛋白及其mRNA的表达,计算Bcl-2/Bax比值.结果 与S组比较,I/R组心肌梗死区体积百分比和心肌细胞凋亡指数升高,Bcl-2、Bax蛋白及mRNA表达上调,Bcl-2/Bax比值降低(P＜0.05);与I/R组比较,Spo组心肌梗死区体积百分比和心肌细胞凋亡指数降低,Bax蛋白及mRNA表达下调,Bcl-2蛋白及mRNA表达上调,Bcl-2/Bax比值升高(P＜0.05).结论 七氟醚后处理通过上调Bcl-2表达,下调BBax表达,改善Bcl-2/Bax平衡,抑制心肌细胞凋亡,从而减轻大鼠心肌缺血再灌注损伤.     

小剂量咪达唑仑复合舒芬太尼在住院患者经食道超声心动图检查中的应用效果观察

［摘要］　目的　观察小剂量咪达唑仑复合舒芬太尼在住院患者经食道超声心动图（TEE）检查中的应用效果。方法　采用前瞻性队列研究的方法,共纳入2017年2月至9月于河北医科大学第二医院行TEE检查的260例住院患者,分为单纯表面麻醉组（C组）54例,咪达唑仑组（M组）27例和咪达唑仑复合舒芬太尼组（MS组）179例。三组患者均给予丁卡因胶浆行口咽部表面麻醉,C组不作其他处理,M组静脉注射咪达唑仑0.03 mg/kg,MS组静脉注射咪达唑仑0.03 mg/kg并静脉注射舒芬太尼0.1 μg/kg。M组和MS组术中根据患者反应决定是否追加药物。记录三组患者入室后（T₀）、探头置入成功时（T₁）、探头置入成功后5 min（T₂）的无创血压收缩压（NSBP）、心率(HR)和脉搏血氧饱和度(SpO₂),记录探头置入难易程度、TEE检查时间、术中不良事件、检查者满意度。检查结束后用改良Aldrete量表评分判断患者恢复程度。术后24 h随访患者对麻醉的满意度及术后不良反应发生情况。结果　三组探头置入难易程度、检查者满意度评分和患者术后对麻醉的满意度评分比较差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。与C组同时间点比较,M组和MS组T₁和T₂时间点NSBP和SpO₂降低,MS组T₁和T₂时间点HR降低,差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。与M组同时间点比较,MS组T₂时间点SpO₂降低,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。与T₀时间点相比,C组T₁和T₂时间点HR升高,MS组的HR在T₂时间点降低,M组和MS组T₁和T₂时间点NSBP降低,MS组T₁和T₂时间点SpO₂降低,差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。三组术中不良事件发生率比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）,均未出现需要处理的心动过缓和心动过速。C组患者术后恶心发生率显著高于M组和MS组,术后咽部不适发生率显著高于MS组（P<0.05）。术中不良事件和术后不良反应经及时处理后所有患者均恢复正常,无不良后果发生。结论　在表面麻醉的基础上,小剂量咪达唑仑、咪达唑仑复合舒芬太尼均可安全有效地应用于住院患者TEE检查中,咪达唑仑复合舒芬太尼的效果更佳,但需注意可能发生的低氧血症。     

七氟醚预处理联合后处理对大鼠心肌缺血再灌注时血栓素A2和前列腺素I2的影响

Objective To investigate the effect of sevoflurane preconditioning-postconditioning on thromboxane A2 and prostaglandin I2 during myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) in rats. Methods Fifty healthy male Wistar rats weighing 250-280 g were randomly divided into 5 groups (n = 10 each) : sham operation group (group S) , I/R group, sevoflurane preconditioning group (group Spr), sevoflurane postconditioning group (group Spo)and combination of sevoflurane preconditioning and postconditioning group (group Spr + po). Myocardial I/R was produced by occlusion of anterior descending branch of left coronary artery for 30 min followed by 2 h reperfusion in anesthetized rats. In group S the anterior descending branch was only exposed but not ligated. Group Spr received 15 min inhalation of 2.5 % sevoflurane and 15 min wash-out 30 min before ischemia. Group Spo received 5 min inhalation of 2.5% sevoflurane 1 min before reperfusion. Arterial blood samples were taken at 2 h of reperfusion for determination of the levels of MB isoenzyme of creatine kinase (CK-MB) , lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) , cardiac troponin I (cTnI), thromboxane B2(TXB2), and 6-keto-prostaglandin (6-keto-PGF1α) and platelet maximum aggregation rate. TXB2/6-keto-PGF1α ratio was calculated. The myocardial tissues were taken for microscopic examination. Mitochondria] injury was assessed by using Flameng score and stereology (Specific surface, δ and Numerical density on area, NA) .Results Compared with group S, the levels of CK-MB, LDH, cTnI, TXE2 and 6-ketoPGF1α, TXB2/6-keto-PGF1α ratio, platelet maximum aggregation rate and Flameng score were significantly increased, while δ and NA were significantly decreased in group I/R (P < 0.05 or 0.01) . The levels of CK-MB,LDH and cTnI, TXB2/6-keto-PGF1α ratio and Flameng score were significantly lower, and 6-keto-PGF1α level, δand NA were significantly higher in Spr and Spo groups than in group I/R ( P < 0.05 or 0.01) . The levels of CKMB, LDH, cTnI and TXB2 , TXB2/6-keto-PGF1α ratio, platelet maximum aggregation rate and Flameng score were significantly lower and 6-keto-PGF1α level,δ and NA were significantly higher in group Spr + po than in Spr and Spo groups(P < 0.05). Conclusion Sevoflurane preconditioning-postconditioning can reduce myocardial I/R injury through inhibiting the release of thromboxane A2 and promoting the release of prostaglandin I2 in rats.     

Gilbert综合征1例

Gilbert综合征为一种先天性胆红素代谢障碍疾病,最早由Gilbert和Lereboullet于1901年报道,在西欧和北美白种人中发病率为 5%～7%,国内尚无确切发病率报道.作者于临床工作中诊断资料完整者1例,现报道如下.     

七氟烷后处理联合七氟烷预处理对急性心肌缺血-再灌注大鼠血浆SOD及MDA的影响

目的探讨七氟烷后处理联合预处理是否能减轻再灌注损伤,其作用是否较单一作用更强及其机制,为临床应用提供实验依据。方法健康雄性Wistar大鼠50只,随机分为5组,假手术组（S组）：大鼠冠脉只穿线不结扎;缺血再灌注组（I/R组）：大鼠造模,缺血30 min,再灌注120 min;七氟烷预处理组（sevopre组）：缺血前30 min,吸入2.5%的七氟烷15 min,洗脱15 min,结扎左冠状动脉前降支,再灌注120 min;七氟烷后处理组（sevopo组）：大鼠再灌注前1 min吸入2.5%的七氟烷5 min,再灌注120 min;七氟烷后处理＋七氟烷预处理组（pre＋po组）：缺血前30 min,吸入2.5%的七氟烷15 min,洗脱15 min,结扎左冠状动脉前降支,再灌注前1 min吸入2.5%的七氟烷5 min,再灌注120 min。实验结束时取颈动脉血及心肌组织分别测定丙二醛（MDA）含量、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性及心肌梗死面积。结果再灌注120 min后,pre＋po组与sevopre组、sevopo组比较心肌梗死面积显著减少（P〈0.05）,显著升高了SOD活性,降低了丙二醛含量（P〈0.05）。结论七氟烷后处理联合预处理能减少心肌梗死面积,提高再灌注后SOD活性,降低MDA含量,从而减轻心肌缺血再灌注损伤。     

七氟醚后处理对大鼠心肌缺血再灌注时Na+-K+-ATP酶和Ca2+-Mg2+-ATP酶活性的影响

目的 评价七氟醚后处理对大鼠心肌缺血再灌注时Na+-K+-ATP酶和Ca2+-Mg2+-ATP酶活性的影响,探讨其减轻心肌缺血再灌注损伤的机制.方法 健康雄性Wistar大鼠45只,体重250～280 g,随机分为3组(n=15):假手术组(S组)、缺血再灌注组(I/R组)和七氟醚后处理组(Spo组).I/R组和Spo组采用结扎左冠状动脉前降支30 min时进行再灌注的方法制备心肌缺血再灌注模型,S组仅在左冠状动脉前降支下穿线.Spo组再灌注前1 min开始吸入2.5%七氟醚持续5 min.于再灌注2 h时取心肌组织,测定心肌梗死体积、Na+-K+-ATP酶活性和Ca2+-Mg2+-ATP酶活性.结果 与S组比较,I/R组心肌梗死体积扩大,心肌组织Na+-K+-ATP酶和Ca2+-Mg2+-ATP酶的活性降低(P＜0.05);与I/R组比较,Spo组心肌梗死体积缩小,心肌组织Na+-K+-ATP酶和Ca2+-Mg2+-ATP酶的活性升高(P＜0.05).结论七氟醚后处理可提高Na+-K+-ATP酶和Ca2+-Mg2+-ATP酶的活性,从而减轻大鼠心肌缺血再灌注损伤.     

七氟醚预处理联合后处理对大鼠心肌缺血再灌注时血栓素A2和前列腺素I2的影响

目的 评价七氟醚预处理联合后处理对大鼠心肌缺血再灌注时血栓素A2和前列腺素I2的影响.方法 健康雄性Wistar大鼠50只,体重250～280 g,采用随机数字表法,将大鼠随机分为5组(n=10):假手术组(S组)、缺血再灌注组(I/R组)、七氟醚预处理组(Spr组)、七氟醚后处理组(Spo组)和七氟醚预处理联合七氟醚后处理组(Spr+po组).I/R组、Spr组、Spo组和Spr+po组采用结扎左冠状动脉前降支30 min时进行再灌注的方法制备心肌缺血再灌注模型,S组仅在左冠状动脉前降支下穿线.Spr组进行七氟醚预处理:于缺血前30 min吸入2.5%七氟醚15 min,洗脱15 min;Spo组进行七氟醚后处理:再灌注前1 min开始吸入2.5%七氟醚,持续5 min;Spr+po组进行七氟醚预处理和后处理.再灌注2 h时取动脉血样,测定血MB型磷酸肌酸激酶同工酶(CK-MB)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、心肌肌钙蛋白I(cTnI)、血栓素B2(TXB2)、6-酮-前列腺素F1α(6-keto-PGF1α)的水平和血小板最大聚集率,并计算TXB2与6-keto-PGF1α的比值(TXB2/6-keto-PGF1α).取心肌组织,电镜下观察病理学结果,进行线粒体损伤评分,并测定线粒体的比表面和面数密度.结果 与S组比较,I/R组血CK-MB、LDH、cTnI、TXB2、6-keto-PGF1α的水平、TXB2/6-keto-PGF1α血小板最大聚集率及线粒体损伤评分升高,线粒体的比表面和面数密度降低(P<0.05或0.01);与I/R组比较,Spr组和Spo组血CK-MB、LDH、cTnI的水平、TXB2/6-keto-PGF1α和线粒体损伤评分降低,血6-keto-PGF1α浓度、线粒体的比表面和面数密度升高(P<0.05或0.01);与Spr组和Spo组比较,Spr+po组血CK-MB、LDH、cTnI、TXB2的水平、TXB2/6-keto-PGF1α血小板最大聚集率和线粒体损伤评分降低,血6-keto-PGF1α浓度、线粒体的比表面和面数密度升高(P<0.05).Spr+po组心肌损伤程度轻于Spr组和Spo组.结论 与七氟醚预处理或后处理比较,两种方法联合应用可抑制血栓素A2的释放和促进前列腺素I2的释放,从而进一步减轻了大鼠心肌缺血再灌注损伤.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the effect of sevoflurane preconditioning-postconditioning on thromboxane A2 and prostaglandin I2 during myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) in rats. Methods Fifty healthy male Wistar rats weighing 250-280 g were randomly divided into 5 groups (n = 10 each) : sham operation group (group S) , I/R group, sevoflurane preconditioning group (group Spr), sevoflurane postconditioning group (group Spo)and combination of sevoflurane preconditioning and postconditioning group (group Spr + po). Myocardial I/R was produced by occlusion of anterior descending branch of left coronary artery for 30 min followed by 2 h reperfusion in anesthetized rats. In group S the anterior descending branch was only exposed but not ligated. Group Spr received 15 min inhalation of 2.5 % sevoflurane and 15 min wash-out 30 min before ischemia. Group Spo received 5 min inhalation of 2.5% sevoflurane 1 min before reperfusion. Arterial blood samples were taken at 2 h of reperfusion for determination of the levels of MB isoenzyme of creatine kinase (CK-MB) , lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) , cardiac troponin I (cTnI), thromboxane B2(TXB2), and 6-keto-prostaglandin (6-keto-PGF1α) and platelet maximum aggregation rate. TXB2/6-keto-PGF1α ratio was calculated. The myocardial tissues were taken for microscopic examination. Mitochondria] injury was assessed by using Flameng score and stereology (Specific surface, δ and Numerical density on area, NA) .Results Compared with group S, the levels of CK-MB, LDH, cTnI, TXE2 and 6-ketoPGF1α, TXB2/6-keto-PGF1α ratio, platelet maximum aggregation rate and Flameng score were significantly increased, while δ and NA were significantly decreased in group I/R (P < 0.05 or 0.01) . The levels of CK-MB,LDH and cTnI, TXB2/6-keto-PGF1α ratio and Flameng score were significantly lower, and 6-keto-PGF1α level, δand NA were significantly higher in Spr and Spo groups than in group I/R ( P < 0.05 or 0.01) . The levels of CKMB, LDH, cTnI and TXB2 , TXB2/6-keto-PGF1α ratio, platelet maximum aggregation rate and Flameng score were significantly lower and 6-keto-PGF1α level,δ and NA were significantly higher in group Spr + po than in Spr and Spo groups(P < 0.05). Conclusion Sevoflurane preconditioning-postconditioning can reduce myocardial I/R injury through inhibiting the release of thromboxane A2 and promoting the release of prostaglandin I2 in rats.     

经食管超声心动图在肾癌伴下腔静脉癌栓手术治疗中的应用

目的 探讨术中经食管超声心动图(TEE)在肾癌伴下腔静脉癌栓诊治中的应用价值。方法 选取2017年1月至2021年1月在河北医科大学第二医院收治的10例肾癌伴下腔静脉癌栓患者,术中应用TEE定位癌栓位置,确定下腔静脉阻断点,统计术中癌栓脱落率、癌栓切除完整度、出血量等指标,评价TEE在肾癌伴下腔静脉癌栓手术中的应用价值。结果 10例患者全部顺利完成手术,其中开放手术8例,腹腔镜手术2例。TEE显示癌栓清晰,均完整切除癌栓,术中均未发生癌栓脱落,术中平均出血量(520.0±193.2)ml(300～800 ml)。TEE发现2例术前诊断为Ⅲ级癌栓的患者降为Ⅱ级,1例术前诊断为Ⅰ级癌栓的患者升为Ⅱ级,1例术前未发现癌栓末端漂浮小癌栓的患者,经TEE辅助及时调整阻断位置,避免漂浮小癌栓脱落。结论 TEE可以精确判断并动态监测下腔静脉癌栓位置及形态,为外科手术提供重要参考依据,在肾癌伴下腔静脉癌栓手术中具有重要的临床应用价值。